CdS量子点与金电极之间的光生电子交换

对光照下CdS量子点与金电极之间的光生电子交换过程进行了系统研究.首先,对基于电子隧穿的多个光生电子转移过程进行了理论分析,并进行了数学模型推导.其次,利用推导的数学模型在不同参数的条件下进行了仿真研究.最后,测量了CdS量子点修饰的金电极在不同偏置电压、不同光强和不同氧化物及还原物浓度的条件下产生的光电流,并将实验、理论及仿真结果三者相结合进行了分析讨论.实验结果与仿真结果都证明了理论模型的正确性.     

构型对芳基桥体分子内电子转移矩阵元影响的理论研究

在HF/6-31G水平上,研究了有机化合物二甲氧基-4-甲苯-四甲苯基桥体-二甲氧基-4-甲苯正离子间的电子转移.用线性反应坐标确定电子转移的过渡态,用两态变分法计算了电子转移矩阵元V_AB,在考虑非平衡态溶剂化效应下,计算了电子转移速率常数.改变桥体与氧化还原中心的二面角,计算了相应的电子转移矩阵元.通过电子结构分析,将电子转移矩阵元分为通过空间的直接耦合和通过键的耦合,提出了将后者进一步分为通过σ键和π键的耦合.得出通过π键的耦合与二面角余弦的平方成正比的结论.     

Electron Transfer Processes at Aryl‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

The effect of a layer of electrochemically grafted 4‐diazo‐N,N‐diethylaniline (DEA) groups on the electron transfer kinetics of redox systems, displaying fast and slow heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants at edge and basal planes of carbon, was investigated. The properties of the modified electrode were characterized by cyclic voltammetry using four different inorganic redox systems (Fe(CN) , Co(phen) , Ru(NH₃) , and IrCl in acidic, neutral, and basic media. Two distinct blocking behaviors and electrostatic effects were observed. More precisely, a strong blocking effect of the grafted layer on Fe(CN) and Co(phen) was found, whereas Ru(NH₃) and IrCl showed to be rather unaffected by the presence of the DEA grafted layer.     

酶电极电子转移途径的研究进展

酶的活性中心与电极表面的电子转移直接影响酶电极的性能和特征。自1962年第一个酶电极报道以来,科学家们不断探索新的方式实现酶与电极间电子转移并取得了较大的进展,使生物传感器由第一代依靠氧与葡萄糖氧化酶中的活性中心反应测量氧的消耗为原理,发展到第三代实现酶的活性中心与电极表面之间的直接电子转移,即所谓的"无试剂电化学生物传感器"。然而,探究酶电极内在电子转移机理以及设计能够满足不同应用要求并适合大规模量产、价格合适的酶电极仍然是研究的热点。本文综述了主要的电子转移方式以及相应的优缺点,以及笔者团队开发的使用氧化还原聚合物实现电子转移的方法,并对其应用前景进行展望。     

酶电极电子转移的途径及研究进展

酶的活性中心与电极表面的电子转移直接影响酶电极的性能和特征。自1962年第一个酶电极报道以来,科学家们不断探索新的方式实现酶与电极间电子转移并取得了较大的进展,使生物传感器由第一代依靠氧与葡萄糖氧化酶中的活性中心反应测量氧的消耗为原理,发展到第三代实现酶的活性中心与电极表面之间的直接电子转移,即所谓的"无试剂电化学生物传感器"。然而,探究酶电极内在电子转移机理以及设计能够满足不同应用要求并适合大规模量产、价格合适的酶电极仍然是研究的热点。本文综述了主要的电子转移方式以及相应的优缺点,以及笔者团队开发的使用氧化还原聚合物实现电子转移的方法,并对其应用前景进行展望。     

Molecular Weight Control via Cross Metathesis in Photo‐Redox Mediated Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization

Photo‐redox mediated ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (photo‐ROMP) is an emerging ROMP technique that uses an organic redox mediator and a vinyl ether initiator, in contrast to metal‐based initiators traditionally used in ROMP. The reversibility of the redox‐mediated initiation and propagation steps enable spatiotemporal control over the polymerization. Herein, we explore a simple, inexpensive means of controlling molecular weight, using alpha olefins as chain transfer agents. This method enables access to low molecular weight oligomers, and molecular weights between 1 and 30 kDa can be targeted simply by altering the stoichiometry of the reaction. This method of molecular weight control was then used to synthesize a functionalized norbornene copolymer in a range of molecular weights for specific materials applications.     

Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer Induced by Near‐Infrared Light

A proton‐coupled electron transfer reaction induced by near‐infrared light (>710 nm) has been achieved using a dye that shows intense NIR absorption property and electron/proton‐accepting abilities. The developed system generated long‐lived radical species and showed high reversibility and robustness. Mechanistic investigations suggested that the rate‐determining step of the reaction involves the proton transfer process.     

Electron Transfer Reaction Between Desoxyadenosine and Triplet 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthaquinone:A Laser Photolysis Study

Introduction ElectrontransferoxidationofDNAbytripletartifi cialphotonucleaserevealsabrightprospectofitsappli cationinbiologyandmedicine.Bothmolecularorbital calculationandlaserexperimentshaveindicatedthat thehomoguaninesequenceshouldbethefinallocaliza tio…     

N-羟乙基-1,8-萘二酰亚胺探针与核苷间电子转移的激光闪光光解研究

核酸与核酸前体参与的电子转移(ET)作用能够直接或间接导致核酸主链和碱基侧链的断裂,因此对核酸碱基光动态损害机理的深入研究具有重要的理论和实际意义．其中,核酸荧光探针逐渐成为研究生物分子的主要技术之一,借助于时间分辨的瞬态吸收光谱技术,检测荧光探针激发态物种及其与核酸之间发生电子转移作用而产生的活性中间体,能够深入了解光断裂反应的最初步骤,揭示核酸断裂电子转移反应的微观机理．     

Electron Transfer Reaction Between Desoxyadenosine and Triplet 2-Methyl-l, 4-naphthaquinone： A Laser Photolysis Study

Introduction Electron transfer oxidation of DNA by triplet artificial photonuclease reveals a bright prospect of its application in biology and medicine. Both molecular orbital calculation and laser experiments have indicated that the homo guanine sequence should be the final localization site of photoexcited hole via long range migration within DNA. However, the direct observation of the produced ion pairs of biomolecules especially the stabilized radical cation DNA or its components is hampered by the overwhelming transient absorption of protonated radical anion of photosensitizers, such as 2-methyl-1,4-naphthaguinonel （MQ）.     

酞菁与TiO2超微粒间的光诱导电子转移相互作用

带有负电荷取代基的四磺化酞菁化合物与 TiO2超微粒在溶液中通过静电相互吸引 ,能够形成基态复合物 .通过吸收光谱和荧光光谱 ,计算了磺化酞菁与 TiO2在溶液中的表观缔合平衡常数 K.与相应的烷氧基取代酞菁化合物作比较 ,并通过单光子计数技术测定染料荧光寿命 .结合荧光光谱 ,证明了磺化酞菁与 TiO2在溶液中的缔合作用 ,有利于激发态酞菁染料向半导体 TiO2的导带注入电子 ,从而发生分子间的电子转移反应 .将磺化酞菁吸附在 TiO2纳晶薄膜电极上 ,进行光电性能测试 .结果表明,染料敏化 TiO2纳晶薄膜电极光电响应的大小与染料在电极表面吸附的强弱有关 .     

Electron Transfer between Genetically Modified Hansenula polymorpha Yeast Cells and Electrode Surfaces via Os‐complex modified Redox Polymers

Graphite electrodes modified with redox‐polymer‐entrapped yeast cells were investigated with respect to possible electron‐transfer pathways between cytosolic redox enzymes and the electrode surface. Either wild‐type or genetically modified Hansenula polymorpha yeast cells over‐expressing flavocytochrome b2 (FC b₂) were integrated into Os‐complex modified electrodeposition polymers. Upon increasing the L ‐lactate concentration, an increase in the current was only detected in the case of the genetically modified cells. The overexpression of FC b₂ and the related amplification of the FC b₂/L ‐lactate reaction cycle was found to be necessary to provide sufficient charge to the electron‐exchange network in order to facilitate sufficient electrochemical coupling between the cells, via the redox polymer, to the electrode. The close contact of the Os‐complex modified polymer to the cell wall appeared to be a prerequisite for electrically wiring the cytosolic FC b₂/L ‐lactate redox activity and suggests the critical involvement of a plasma membrane redox system. Insights in the functioning of whole‐cell‐based bioelectrochemical systems have to be considered for the successful design of whole‐cell biosensors or microbial biofuel cells.     

Surface Grafting via Photo‐Induced Copper‐Mediated Radical Polymerization at Extremely Low Catalyst Concentrations

Surface‐initiated photo‐induced copper‐mediated radical polymerization is employed to graft a wide range of polyacrylate brushes from silicon substrates at extremely low catalyst concentrations. This is the first time that the controlled nature of the reported process is demonstrated via block copolymer formation and re‐initiation experiments. In addition to unmatched copper catalyst concentrations in the range of few ppb, film thicknesses up to almost 1 μm are achieved within only 1 h.

     

Long Distance Electron Transfer Across >100 nm Thick Au Nanoparticle/Polyion Films to a Surface Redox Protein

Glutathione‐decorated 5 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and oppositely charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) were assembled into {PAH/AuNP}_n films fabricated layer‐by‐layer (LbL) on pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrodes. These AuNP/polyion films utilized the AuNPs as electron hopping relays to achieve direct electron transfer between underlying electrodes and redox proteins on the outer film surface across unprecedented distances >100 nm for the first time. As film thickness increased, voltammetric peak currents for surface myoglobin (Mb) on these films decreased but the electron transfer rate was relatively constant, consistent with a AuNP‐mediated electron hopping mechanism.     

二苯基-2-吡唑啉等分子内电子转移的研究

对２－吡唑啉、二苯基－２－吡唑啉及其硝基取代衍生物的基态和第一单重激发态的分子构型及电子结构进行了计算。结果表明，基态时由于Ｎ１原子上孤对电子的存在使吡唑啉母体环上诸原子不在同一个平面上。１位和３位取代苯环与母体环非共平面；激发态时，１，ｏ－ＤＰＰ的１位苯环和３，ｏ－ＤＰＰ的３位苯环分别与母体环互相垂直，其余分子在激发态时取代苯环与母体环均接近于共平面。电子受激发时，从Ｎ１原子转移到苯环上。对于１     

Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reaction between Poly-guanylic Acid (5`) with Anthraquinone-2-sulfonate

TheinteractionofquinonephotonucleasewithDNAhasbeenwidelystUdied.Anthraquinonederivatives,inparticularthatofanhraquinone-2-sulfonatehasbeenusedascleavingagentforduPlexDNA1-5.Howevef,directobservationofexcitedionpairsofbiomoleculesespeciallytheStabilizedradicalcationofbiomoleculeishamPeredbytheoverwhelmingtransientabsorPtionofhydrogenbondedradicalanionofquinone.lnthiswork,theinteractionofpolylG]withtripletanthraquinone-2-sulfonateinCH,CN-H:O(97f3)viaelectrontransferreactionhasbeenachieved…     

Direct Electron Transfer and Electrocatalysis of Hemoglobin on Chitosan‐TiO2 Nanorods‐Glass Carbon Electrode

The direct electron transfer between hemoglobin (Hb) and the glassy carbon electrode (GC) can be readily achieved via a high biocompatible composite system based on biopolymer chitosan (CHT) and TiO₂ nanorods (TiO₂‐NRs). TiO₂‐NRs greatly promote the electron transfer between Hb and GC, which contribute to the higher redox peaks. UV‐vis spectra result indicated the Hb entrapped in the composite film well keep its native structure. The immobilized Hb remains its bioelectrocatalytical activity to the reduction of H₂O₂ with a lower detection limit. A novel, sensitive, reproducible and stable electrochemical biosensing platform of H₂O₂ based on Hb‐TiO₂‐CHT electrode is explored.     

Benzylic Fluorination of Aza‐Heterocycles Induced by Single‐Electron Transfer to Selectfluor

A selective and mild method for the benzylic fluorination of aromatic azaheterocycles with Selectfluor is described. These reactions take place by a previously unreported mechanism, in which electron transfer from the heterocyclic substrate to the electrophilic fluorinating agent Selectfluor eventually yields a benzylic radical, thus leading to the desired C?F bond formation. This mechanism enables high intra‐ and intermolecular selectivity for aza‐heterocycles over other benzylic components with similar C?H bond‐dissociation energies.     

Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Mechanistic Insight into Lipoxygenase

A proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) process plays an important role in the initial step of lipoxygenases to produce lipid radicals which can be oxygenated by reaction with O₂ to yield the hydroperoxides stereoselectively. The EPR spectroscopic detection of free lipid radicals and the oxygenated radicals (peroxyl radicals) together with the analysis of the EPR spectra has revealed the origin of the stereo‐ and regiochemistry of the reaction between O₂ and linoleyl (= (2Z)‐10‐carboxy‐1‐[(1Z)‐hept‐1‐enyl]dec‐2‐enyl) radical in lipoxygenases. The direct determination of the absolute rates of H‐atom‐transfer reactions from a series of unsaturated fatty acids to the cumylperoxyl (= (1‐methyl‐1‐phenylethyl)dioxy) radical by use of time‐resolved EPR at low temperatures together with detailed kinetic investigations on both photoinduced and thermal electron‐transfer oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids provides the solid energetic basis for the postulated PCET process in lipoxygenases. A strong interaction between linoleic acid (= (9Z,12Z)‐octadeca‐9,12‐dienoic acid) and the reactive center of the lipoxygenases (Fe^III? OH) is suggested to be involved to make a PCET process to occur efficiently, when an inner‐sphere electron transfer from linoleic acid to the Fe^III state is strongly coupled with the proton transfer to the OH group.