亚硫酸根在化学修饰电极上催化氧化的动力学表征

本文采用Saveant-Andrieux电催化反应动力学理论,表征了SO₃^2-在经Nation-Os(bpy)₃^2+/3+修饰后的玻碳电极上的电催化体系的动力学行为,用动力学区域图确定体系的动力学类型.当反应物浓度从8×10^-5变至1.28×10^-3(mol/L)时,体系始终遵循"SR"的动力学行为。     

Effects of Carbon Nanotube Paper Properties on Enzymatic Bioanodes

Carbon papers are frequent current collectors in fuel cells, but recently carbon nanotube papers have been introduced as new types of carbon paper. They have varying thickness, surface area, density, gas permeability, and conductivity. This paper studies the effect of these properties on electrochemical performance. Electropolymerizing methylene green on each carbon nanotube papers was performed to study the papers’ ability to oxidize NADH. Secondly, glucose bioanodes were formed with carbon nanotube papers to study glucose bioelectrocatalysis. The optimal carbon nanotube paper had a high surface area, low gas permeability, and low sheet resistance. Our results showed a greater than three‐fold increase in sensitivity over commercially available Toray carbon paper.     

聚L-赖氨酸修饰电极对去甲肾上腺素的电催化氧化

研究了L 赖氨酸在玻碳电极上电化学聚合的条件及修饰电极的电化学特性,发现该聚合膜对去甲肾上腺素(NE)的电氧化有显著的催化作用,在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH7)中,恒电位-0.2V富集2.0min后,用方波溶出伏安法对NE进行了测定,线性范围为1.0×10-8～5.0×10-4mol L,检出限(信噪比=3)为8 2×10-10mol L。对1.0×10-7mol LNE平行测定8次相对标准偏差为2 4%。     

Electrochemical Polymerization of Azure Blue II and Its Electrocatalytic Activity toward NADH Oxidation

IntroductionOver 30 0dehydrogenasesareknowntobedependentonthenicotiamideadeninedinucleotidecoenzymeinitsreduced (NADH )andoxidized (NAD+)forms ,andamonitoringofenzymaticallygeneratedNADHisthebasisforthedevelopmentofbiosensorsfortheselecteddehydro genase .Hence ,thedetectionofthiscoenzymeisimpor tantinbothpracticalanalysisandbiochemicalsynthesis .ThereportedoverpotentialforoxidationofNADHatpH7 0isabout 1 1Vatcarbonand 1 3Vatplatinumelec trodes .1,2 Itisgenerallyacceptedthatthedirecto…     

聚2,5-二甲氧基苯胺薄膜电极对氢醌的电催化作用

本文研究了电化学方法制备的聚2,5-二甲氧基苯胺(P25DMAn)薄膜电极对水溶液中的氢醌的电催化作用,以及影响催化作用的主要因素.研究结果表明,在酸性较强的水溶液中,在较宽的浓度范围内(氢醌的浓度为1×10~(-3)～1×10~(-2)mol/L)均有很好的电催化作用。催化电流与氢醌浓度呈良好的线性关系.用旋转园盘电极研究了催化过程动力学,求出了催化反应的动力学参数。这种修饰电极有很好的化学稳定性和电化学稳定性,是一种很有应用前景的修饰电极。     

Glassy Carbon Paste Electrodes for the Determination of Fructosyl Valine

Nearly 200 million people worldwide have type‐2 diabetes. Glucose sensors are routinely used for diagnosis; however, the relative amount of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) may be a better marker. A working electrode made from bare glassy carbon paste was used for sensing fructosyl valine (Fru‐Val), a component of HbA1c. Amperometric measurements revealed a linear relationship between Fru‐Val concentration and the sensing current. The square correlation coefficient and the sensitivity were 0.999 and 5.26 μA mM^?1, respectively. The minimum detection limit was less than 0.05 mM.     

NADH Oxidation Catalyzed by Electropolymerized Azines on Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrodes

Electropolymerizing azines on a carbon nanotube (CNT) modified electrode yields a high‐surface area interface with excellent electrocatalytic activity towards NADH oxidation. Electrodeposition of poly(methylene green) (PMG) and poly(toluidine blue) (PTBO) on the carboxylated CNT‐modified electrodes was achieved by cyclic voltammetry. The PMG‐CNT interface demonstrates 5.0 mA cm^?2 current density for NADH oxidation at 50 mV vs. Ag|AgCl in 20 mM NADH solution. The kinetics of NADH electrocatalysis were analyzed using a quantitative mass‐transport‐corrected model with NADH bulk concentration and applied potential as independent variables. This high‐rate poly(azine)‐CNT interface is potentially applicable to high‐performance bioconversion, bioenergy and biosensors involving NADH‐dependent dehydrogenases.     

Development of an Integrated System for Immobilization and Mediating Charge to Alcohol Dehydrogenase During Bioelectrocatalytic Oxidation and Detection of Ethanol

A robust biocatalytic electrode film utilizing multiwalled carbon nanotubes intentionally derivatized with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PDDA, as well as integrated with alcohol dehydrogenase is considered here for potential application as a stable efficient anode in a biofuel cell and a specific working electrode in amperometric sensors. PDDA‐modified CNTs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Once immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode substrate, they facilitate not only distribution of charge but also immobilization of alcohol dehydrogenase molecules. The resulting integrated bioelectrocatalytic system was able to induce oxidation of ethanol and NADH as well as to produce relatively high currents at a fairly low potential.     

铂/聚邻甲基苯胺/碳材料掺杂碳糊电极对甲醇的催化氧化

以石墨和液体石蜡油为主要原料,分别制备了掺杂不同量多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)、石墨烯(GRA)、电容活性炭(YEC)和电池活性炭(YBC)的多种碳糊底电极Y-CPE(Y代表各种掺杂碳材料,CPE代表纯碳糊电极).采用恒电位法在-0.10 V(vs.Ag/Ag Cl)电位下将铂电沉积到这些电极上.结果表明,当电池碳的含量为14%时,Pt/YBC-CPE(14%)复合电极对甲醇具有最好的电催化氧化活性.采用恒电位方法在0.85 V(vs.Ag/Ag Cl)电位下将聚邻甲基苯胺(POT)电聚合沉积到纯碳糊电极CPE和含有电池碳的YBC-CPE(14%)电极上,得到复合电极POT/CPE和POT/YBC-CPE(14%),再通过恒电位方法将铂电沉积到这2个复合电极上.扫描电镜(SEM)观察结果表明,在Pt/CPE,Pt/YBC-CPE(14%),Pt/POT(6.5 mC)/CPE和Pt/POT(6.5 mC)/YBC-CPE(14%)4个复合电极中,在Pt/POT/YBC-CPE(14%)复合电极上的铂粒子的尺寸最小,并且Pt/POT(6.5 mC)/YBC-CPE(14%)复合电极电催化氧化甲醇活性最高.在POT(6.5 mC)/CPE和POT(6.5 mC)/YBC-CPE(14%)上Pt纳米颗粒的电沉积过程是一个近似的3D成核过程.研究还发现,复合电极Pt/POT/CPE和Pt/POT/YBC-CPE电催化氧化甲醇的活性随POT膜厚度的增加先增大后减少,存在一个最佳的膜厚度.     

聚苯胺衍生物膜修饰电极的电化学和催化性质

采用聚 2，5 二甲氧基苯胺（PDMAn）、聚邻甲苯胺（POT）膜修饰电极，以异丙醇（i P）氧化为模型反应，研究功能性膜电极的电催化性能.两种聚合物的伏安行为都表现为两对氧化还原峰；与镀铂的Pt电极比较，Pt金属化的PDMAn和POT修饰电极，大大提高了i P氧化电流密度，而且随着循环次数增加，氧化电流不断增大，表明功能性膜修饰电极具有较高的催化活性. POT修饰电极在较低的铂含量下就表现出对i P的强烈催化活性，而且对低浓度i P的氧化，具有较高的响应灵敏度；此外POT还具有良好的环境稳定性，可望成为一种具有实际应用前景的电化学传感器.     

Electrochemical Preparation of Poly(Malachite Green) Film Modified Nafion‐Coated Glassy Carbon Electrode and Its Electrocatalytic Behavior Towards NADH,Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid

Poly(malachite green) film modified Nafion‐coated glassy carbon electrodes have been prepared by potentiodynamic cycling in malachite green solution. The pH of polymerisation solution has only minor effect on film formation. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) was used to monitor the growth of the poly(malachite green) film. Cyclic voltammogram of the poly(malachite green) film shows a redox couple with well‐defined peaks. The redox response of the modified electrode was found to be depending on the pH of the contacting solution. The peak potentials were shifted to a less positive region with increasing pH and the dependence of the peak potential was found to be 56 mV per pH unit. The electrocatalytic behavior of poly(malachite green) film modified Nafion‐coated glassy carbon electrodes was tested towards oxidation of NADH, dopamine, and ascorbic acid. The oxidation of dopamine and ascorbic acid occurred at less positive potential on poly(malachite green) film compared to bare glassy carbon electrode. In the case of NADH, the overpotential was reduced substantially on modified electrode. Finally, the feasibility of utilizing poly(malachite green) film electrode in analytical estimation of ascorbic acid was demonstrated in flow injection analysis.     

石墨烯修饰玻碳电极对多巴胺的电催化氧化

通过3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷(METMS)将氧化石墨烯(GO)固载到玻碳电极(GCE)表面, 用电化学方法还原GO制备石墨烯修饰玻碳电极(rGO-METMS-GCE). 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 拉曼光谱(Raman)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等技术对GO和rGO-METMS-GCE的结构和表面形貌进行表征. 采用循环伏安(CV)和差分脉冲溶出伏安(DPV)法研究了rGO-METMS-GCE对多巴胺(DA)的电催化氧化性能及反应机理. 结果表明, 与裸GCE相比, DA在rGO-METMS-GCE电极上的氧化还原峰电流(i_pa和i_pc) 增大4倍, 氧化峰电位负移106 mV, 氧化峰与还原峰电位差(ΔE_p)从202 mV降低至66 mV, DA电化学氧化可逆性明显改善, 表明rGO-METMS-GCE对DA电化学氧化具有显著电催化作用. DA在rGO-METMS-GCE上的反应机理为单电子转移过程.     

Coupled Electron‐Proton Transport in Electropolymerized Methylene Blue and the Influences of Its Protonation Level on the Rate of Electron Exchange with β‐Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

This paper describes electrochemical characteristics of poly(methylene blue) electrolytically deposited on glassy carbon and examines the electrocatalytic activity of the polymer toward oxidation of the coenzyme NADH. Redox‐active properties of the cationic polyelectrolyte arose from both electron self‐exchange between electroactive sites and a high ionic film‐conductivity. The diffusion coefficient of charge carriers in the film increased with decreasing solution pH, indicating the pH dependence of the electron diffusion coefficient. The electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH at the polymer‐modified electrode proceeded via an intermediate charge‐transfer complex of the reduced polymer with the oxidized coenzyme. The complex dissociated more rapidly into the oxidation products as the reduced polymer protonated. Thus, the rate constant for the cross‐exchange reaction rose with a decrease in pH. For NADH oxidation, the polyelectrolyte exhibited an electrocatalytic activity higher than the monomeric dye because of a stronger oxidizing power of the second oxidized form of the polymer.     

Exploring Redox Behavior of Neutral pH Active Poly(melamine) and its Electrocatalytic Origination towards NADH Detection

We report here in detail the redox properties and catalytic origination of poly(melamine). Gradual change in redox behavior of the monomer from polymer is explained by grafting monomer and different amounts of polymer on screen printed carbon electrode. The redox peak of the poly(melamine) is pH‐dependent with a slope of ?60 mV/pH, representing a Nernstian type proton‐coupled electron‐transfer process. Catalytic origination from the ? NH‐NH? bond formed in polymer is proved using NADH as a probe. This polymer is effective to catalyze NADH oxidation with a wide linear range of 1 μM–10 mM and a detection limit (S/N=3) of 0.67 μM. Most importantly, unlike most neutral pH active polymer dyes, it shows high stability even after 15 days.     

不同电极上血红素对青蒿素的电催化还原

 在含20%乙醇的Britton-Robinson缓冲液介质(pH=7.2)中,采用循环伏安法在玻碳电极和银电极上比较了血红素对青蒿素还原的催化作用. 由于血红素和青蒿素加合物的形成及血红素中Fe2+的催化作用,青蒿素在玻碳电极和银电极上的还原过电位分别降低了0.32和0.09 V,还原活化能分别降低了62.1和17.6 kJ/mol. 还比较了血红素和配合物EDTA-Fe3+对青蒿素的催化还原效果,结果表明,EDTA-Fe2+的催化作用远低于血红素. 进一步证实了血红素在青蒿素的药理研究中起着关键作用.     

Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Studies on Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Using a Poly(methylene blue) Modified Electrode

The electrochemical redox processes of pyridoxine hydrochloride (VB₆) at a poly(methylene blue) film modified glass carbon electrode (PMBE) in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 8.0) were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The VB₆ electrode reaction with quasi‐reversible characteristics was diffusion‐controlled at low scan rates and adsorption‐controlled at high scan rates. The anodic peak current positive to 0.6 V (vs. SCE) was found to be proportional to the concentration of VB₆ in the range of 0.010 to 1.03 mg?mL^?1 with a detection limit of 1.34 μg mL^?1. Fluorescence and UV‐vis absorption spectroelectrochemical measurements suggest that the pyridine ring was not destroyed over the potential range from ?0.8 to 1 V (vs. SCE), and the electrocatalytic generation of pyridoxal was anodically started at 0.57 V.     

用于电催化析氧反应电极的制备策略

随着能源枯竭和环境污染等问题的日益严重,开发清洁可再生能源及相关新型技术迫在眉睫。近年来,水分解、金属-空气电池等电化学能源储存和转换技术得到人们的广泛关注。电催化析氧反应(Oxygen evolution reaction,OER)是其中的一个关键反应,大量高性能的OER电催化剂不断见诸报道。除了材料本征催化活性的影响,不同的电极制备方式同样会对催化剂性能的发挥起到重要作用,越来越多的研究者致力于探索高效OER电极的设计与制备方法。本综述从方法论的角度,详细介绍了目前高效OER电极的制备策略,讨论了各类制备方式的优势和不足,总结了相关工作的最新研究进展,概述了新型电极的制备方法。最后,对电极制备策略的发展方向进行了总结与展望。     

铂微粒弥散的聚2，5－二甲氧基苯胺膜电极在甲醇电氧化中的催化行为

研究了电化学方法制备的铂微粒弥散的聚２，５－二甲氧基苯胺膜电极对甲醇电氧化的催化行为以及影响催化活性的主要因素。以ＸＰＳ、ＳＥＭ表征了这种电极材料的表面结构，结果表明，在酸性介质中，该膜电极对甲醇电氧化有高的催化活性和稳定性。     

Methylene Blue/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrode for the Amperometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide

A novel amperometric sensor based on the incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) into a poly(methylene blue) (PMB) film immobilized on carbon composite electrodes is described. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that at a surface covered by a MWCNT/PMB layer the cathodic reduction of hydrogen peroxide is facilitated and occurs already at 0.0 V versus SCE. The effect of the order of deposition of PMB and MWCNT, as well as its loading, on electrochemical behaviour was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The influence of the various immobilised platforms on the electrocatalytic performance towards hydrogen peroxide was also examined.     

铂微粒弥散的聚2,5—二甲氧基苯胺膜电极在甲醇电氧化中的催经行为

研究了电化学方法制备的铂微粒弥散的聚２，５－二甲氧基苯胺膜电极对甲醇电氧化的摧化行为以及影响催化活性的主要因素，以ＸＰＳ、ＳＥＭ表征了这种电极材料的表面结构。结果表明，在酸性介质中，该膜电极对甲醇电氧化有高的催化活性和稳定性。