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1.
The preparation of (2S,3S)‐ and (2R,3S)‐2‐fluoro and of (3S)‐2,2‐difluoro‐3‐amino carboxylic acid derivatives, 1 – 3 , from alanine, valine, leucine, threonine, and β3h‐alanine (Schemes 1 and 2, Table) is described. The stereochemical course of (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride (DAST) reactions with N,N‐dibenzyl‐2‐amino‐3‐hydroxy and 3‐amino‐2‐hydroxy carboxylic acid esters is discussed (Fig. 1). The fluoro‐β‐amino acid residues have been incorporated into pyrimidinones ( 11 – 13 ; Fig. 2) and into cyclic β‐tri‐ and β‐tetrapeptides 17 – 19 and 21 – 23 (Scheme 3) with rigid skeletons, so that reliable structural data (bond lengths, bond angles, and Karplus parameters) can be obtained. β‐Hexapeptides Boc[(2S)‐β3hXaa(αF)]6OBn and Boc[β3hXaa(α,αF2)]6‐OBn, 24 – 26 , with the side chains of Ala, Val, and Leu, have been synthesized (Scheme 4), and their CD spectra (Fig. 3) are discussed. Most compounds and many intermediates are fully characterized by IR‐ and 1H‐, 13C‐ and 19F‐NMR spectroscopy, by MS spectrometry, and by elemental analyses, [α]D and melting‐point values. 相似文献
2.
Optical resolution of racemic 5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐pyrazolidine‐3‐carboxylic acid 2 with L‐amino acid methyl ester via the diastereomers formation was investigated. Treatment of racemic 5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐pyrazolidine‐3‐carboxylic acid 2 with L‐valine methyl ester gave diastereomers with a total yield of 86%. The diastereomeric dipeptides can be easily separated by flash column chromatography. Acidic cleavage of the derived diastereomers gave both the optically pure (+)‐(R)‐ and (‐)‐(S)‐5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐pyrazolidine‐3‐carboxylic acid ((+)‐(R)‐ 2 and (‐)‐(S)‐ 2 ) with a total yield of 94% and 95%, respectively. 相似文献
3.
本文报道一种安全,环境有好,经济实用的合成b氨基酸衍生物的新方法。利用α,β不饱和化合物和脂肪族胺,通过无溶剂、无催化的aza-Michael加成反应,高产率的合成b氨基酸衍生物。 相似文献
4.
Annemiek D. Knijnenburg Emile Spalburg Albert J. de Neeling Roos H. Mars‐Groenendijk Daan Noort Gijsbert M. Grotenbreg Gijs A. van der Marel Herman S. Overkleeft Mark Overhand 《Helvetica chimica acta》2012,95(12):2544-2561
This article presents a series of ring‐extended gramicidin S derivatives, 9 – 14 , that have four ornithine residues as polar protonated side chains and one modified turn region containing a mono‐functionalized cis‐δ‐oxetane, δ‐furanoid, or δ‐pyranoid sugar amino acid residue. Of the GS analogs evaluated, we identified compound 7 , which contains the mono‐benzyloxy cis‐δ‐pyranoid sugar amino acid, as having a better biological profile than the clinically applied topical antibiotic gramicidin S. 相似文献
5.
The synthesis of a series of cyclic and acyclic O‐2′,3′‐ketal derivatives of the cancerostatic 5‐fluorouridine ( 2a ) is described. The novel compounds were characterized by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and UV spectroscopy, as well as by elemental analyses. The lipophilicity values (log P, retention times in RP‐18 HPLC) of the cyclic ketals were determined and related to the ring tensions as well as the acid stability of the spiro‐linked ketal rings. 相似文献
6.
Dieter Seebach Bernhard Jaun Radovan Sebesta RaveendraI. Mathad Oliver Flgel Michael Limbach Holger Sellner Sylvain Cottens 《Helvetica chimica acta》2006,89(9):1801-1825
Twelve peptides, 1 – 12 , have been synthesized, which consist of alternating sequences of α‐ and β‐amino acid residues carrying either proteinogenic side chains or geminal dimethyl groups (Aib). Two peptides, 13 and 14 , containing 2‐methyl‐3‐aminobutanoic acid residues or a ‘random mix’ of α‐, β2‐, and β3‐amino acid moieties were also prepared. The new compounds were fully characterized by CD (Figs. 1 and 2), and 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS). In two cases, 3 and 14 , we discovered novel types of turn structures with nine‐ and ten‐membered H‐bonded rings forming the actual turns. In two other cases, 8 and 11 , we found 14/15‐helices, which had been previously disclosed in mixed α/β‐peptides containing unusual β‐amino acids with non‐proteinogenic side chains. The helices are formed by peptides containing the amino acid moiety Aib in every other position, and their backbones are primarily not held together by H‐bonds, but by the intrinsic conformations of the containing amino acid building blocks. The structures offer new possibilities of mimicking peptide–protein and protein–protein interactions (PPI). 相似文献
7.
The photoinduced reaction of a mixture of (Z)‐α‐cyano‐β‐bromomethylcinnamide (1) and (E)‐α‐cyano‐β‐bromomethylcinnamide (2) with 1‐benzyl‐1, 4‐dihydronicotinamide produces a mixture of the (E)‐ and (Z)‐ isomers of α‐cyano‐β‐methylcinnamide (3 and 4). Using spin‐trapping technique for monitoring reactive intermediate, it is shown that the reaction proceeds via electron transfer‐debromination‐H abstraction mechanism. The thermal reaction of the same substrate with BNAH at 60°C in the dark gives three products: the (E)‐ and (Z)‐isomers of α‐cyano‐β‐methylcinnamide and a dehydrodimeric product; 2, 7‐dicyano‐3, 6‐diphenylocta‐2, 4, 6‐trien‐1, 8‐dioic amide (7). Based on product analysis, scavenger experiment and cyclic voltammetry, an electron transfer‐debromination‐disproportionation mechanism is proposed. 相似文献
8.
Three previously undescribed dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors, Nα‐[4‐[N‐[(2,4‐diaminopyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐5‐yl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]‐Nδ‐hemiphthaloyl‐L‐ornithine (7) , Nα‐ [4‐ [N‐[(2,4‐diaminothieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐5‐yl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]‐ Nδ‐hemiphthaloyl‐L‐ornithine (8) , and N‐[4‐[N‐[(2,4‐diaminothieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐5‐yl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]‐L‐glutamic acid (12) , were synthesized and their antifolate activity was assessed. The ability of 7 and 8 to bind to DHFR and inhibit the growth of CCRF‐CEM human lymphoblastic leukemia cells in culture were dramatically reduced in comparison with the corresponding pteridine analogue, Nα‐(4‐amino‐4‐deoxypteroyl)‐Nδ‐hemiphmaloyl‐L‐ornithine ( 1 , PT523). In a similar manner, the antifolate activity of 12 was markedly reduced in comparison with that of the corresponding glutamate analogue, aminopterin ( 5 , AMT). In contrast, 7, 8 , and 12 all displayed excellent affinity for the reduced folate carrier (RFC) of CCRF‐CEM cells as measured by a standard competitive influx assay. Lack of a consistent correlation between the results of the growth inhibition assays and those of the DHFR and RFC binding assays results suggest that additional factors also play a role in the antifolate activity of these compounds. 相似文献
9.
Chin‐Ping Yang Yu‐Yang Su Kuen‐Lin Wu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(21):5424-5438
A novel, fluorinated diamine monomer, 2,5‐bis(4‐amino‐2‐ trifluoromethylphenoxy)‐tert‐butylbenzene ( II ) was synthesized through the nucleophilic substitution reaction of tert‐butylhydroquinone (t‐BHQ) and 2‐chloro‐5‐nitrobenzotrifluoride in the presence of potassium carbonate to yield the intermediate dinitro compound I , followed by catalytic reduction with hydrazine and Pd/C to afford diamine II . A series of fluorinated polyimides V were prepared from II with various aromatic dianhydrides ( III a–f ) via the thermal imidization of poly(amic acid). Most of V a–f could be soluble in amide‐type solvents and even in less polar solvents. These polyimide films showed tensile strengths up to 106 MPa, elongation at break up to 21%, and initial modulus up to 2.1 GPa. The glass‐transition temperature of V was recorded at 245–304 °C, the 10% weight loss temperatures were above 488 °C, and left more than 41% residue even at 800 °C in nitrogen. Low dielectric constants, low moisture absorptions, and higher and light‐colored transmittances were also observed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5424–5438, 2004 相似文献
10.
M. P. Stoyanova I. D. Kozekov M. D. Palamareva 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2003,40(5):795-803
Stereochemical course of the reaction of homophthalic anhydride and N‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl‐methylidene)‐phenethylamine was studied. Mixtures of the expected trans‐ and cis‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroiso‐quinoline‐4‐carboxylic acids trans‐ 4 and cis‐ 4 were obtained along with by‐products 5 and 6 . The ratios of all products and the diastereomers, obtained under different reaction conditions, were established by pmr. THF as a solvent and ultrasonic treatment are applied for the first time in the reaction of this type. The reaction was made diastereoselective towards any isomer. The carboxylic group of trans‐ 4 was transformed in four steps into various cyclic amino‐methyl groups yielding numerous new tetrahydroisoquinolinones trans‐ 10a‐i incorporating a given fragment of pharmacological interest. Reduction of 10a‐i was studied. 相似文献
11.
Peptides containing various α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids, such as α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), 1‐aminocyclopentane‐1‐carboxylic acid, α‐methylphenylalanine, and 3‐amino‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐3‐carboxylic acid have been synthesized from the N‐ to the C‐terminus by the ‘azirine/oxazolone method’ under solid‐phase conditions. In this convenient method for the synthesis of sterically demanding peptides on solid‐phase, 2H‐azirin‐3‐amines are used to introduce the α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids without the need for additional reagents. Furthermore, the synthesis of poly(Aib) sequences has been explored. 相似文献
12.
Fernando A. Figueredo Julio R. Maza Steven R. Kirk Samantha Jenkins 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2014,114(24):1697-1706
Within the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) framework we present a quantum topology phase diagram (QTPD) using the Poincaré–Hopf relation of a total of 17 all new QTAIM topologies of the cis‐ and trans‐isomers of the cyclic contryphan‐Sm peptide. The resultant QTPD consists of separate regions for the cis‐ and trans‐isomers that only overlap for topologies associated with the lowest energy minima of the cis‐ and trans‐isomers. We determine the QTAIM topologies of 29 “missing” isomers. A new, contracted formulation of the QTPD is presented, this contracted formulation includes the interamino acid bond critical points (BCPs) that link together the amino acid units, the disulphide bridge “pivot” BCP and side chain bonding interactions. The seven interamino acid BCPs linking the amino acid units coincide with the so‐called peptide backbone, the conventional qualitative approach to reduce the complexity of the peptide. We expand the interpretation of ellipticity to include the associated eigenvectors and find that higher values of the ellipticity ? are associated with a greater preference to conserve folding states. We quantify previous qualitative findings that suggested the disulfide bond is central to the folding behavior of the cyclic contryphan‐Sm peptide and why the cis‐isomer is the major form of the cyclic contryphan‐Sm peptide. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
13.
Musa Özil Fatih İslamoğlu Emre Menteşe Bahittin Kahveci 《Helvetica chimica acta》2010,93(10):1967-1974
The novel 4‐amino‐ or 4‐aryl‐substituted 2,4‐dihydro‐5‐[(4‐trifluoromethyl)phenyl]‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ones 3a – 3g were synthesized by reaction of N‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzenehydrazonic acid ethyl ester ( 2 ) and primary amines or hydrazine by microwave irradiation. Compounds 3a – 3g were potentiometrically titrated with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (Bu4NOH) in four nonaqueous solvents, i.e., iPrOH, tBuOH, MeCN, and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Also half‐neutralization potential values and the corresponding pKa values were determined in all cases. 相似文献
14.
On irradiation in the presence of propen‐2‐yl isocyanate ( 4 ), six‐membered cyclic enones 3 are converted into regio‐ and stereoisomeric mixtures of [2+2] cycloadducts 5 – 10 ; the preferentially formed HT products, 5 – 8 , can be converted into the corresponding bicyclic amines by acid hydrolysis, whereas, under these conditions, the regioisomeric HH‐isocyanato derivatives undergo a retro‐Mannich reaction. 相似文献
15.
Naser Foroughifar Akbar Mobinikhaledi Sattar Ebrahimi Mohammad Ali Bodaghi Fard Hassan Moghanian 《中国化学会会志》2009,56(5):1043-1047
Some new and optically active 1,2,4‐triazolo thiadiazoles bearing N‐phthaloyl‐l ‐amino acids were synthesized by reaction of 4‐amino‐5‐(3‐ or 4‐)pyridyl‐3‐mercapto‐(4H)‐1,2,4‐triazoles with N‐phthaloyl‐l ‐amino acids in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. All the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. 相似文献
16.
N‐Methyl β‐amino acids are generally required for application in the synthesis of potentially bioactive modified peptides and other oligomers. Previous work highlighted the reductive cleavage of 1,3‐oxazolidin‐5‐ones to synthesise N‐methyl α‐amino acids. Starting from α‐amino acids, two approaches were used to prepare the corresponding N‐methyl β‐amino acids. First, α‐amino acids were converted to N‐methyl α‐amino acids by the so‐called ‘1,3‐oxazolidin‐5‐one strategy’, and these were then homologated by the Arndt–Eistert procedure to afford N‐protected N‐methyl β‐amino acids derived from the 20 common α‐amino acids. These compounds were prepared in yields of 23–57% (relative to N‐methyl α‐amino acid). In a second approach, twelve N‐protected α‐amino acids could be directly homologated by the Arndt–Eistert procedure, and the resulting β‐amino acids were converted to the 1,3‐oxazinan‐6‐ones in 30–45% yield. Finally, reductive cleavage afforded the desired N‐methyl β‐amino acids in 41–63% yield. One sterically congested β‐amino acid, 3‐methyl‐3‐aminobutanoic acid, did give a high yield (95%) of the 1,3‐oxazinan‐6‐one ( 65 ), and subsequent reductive cleavage gave the corresponding AIBN‐derived N‐methyl β‐amino acid 61 in 71% yield (Scheme 2). Thus, our protocols allow the ready preparation of all N‐methyl β‐amino acids derived from the 20 proteinogenic α‐amino acids. 相似文献
17.
The dipole moments of twelve 2‐N‐substituted amino‐5‐nitro‐4‐methylpyridines ( I‐XII ) and three 2‐N‐substituted amino‐3‐nitro‐4‐methylpyridines ( XIII‐XV ) were determined in benzene. The polar aspects of intramolecular charge‐transfer and intramolecular hydrogen bonding were discussed. The interaction dipole moments, μint, were calculated for 2‐N‐alkyl(or aryl)amino‐5‐nitro‐4‐methylpyridines. Increased alkylation of amino nitrogen brought about an intensified push‐pull interaction between the amino and nitro groups. The solvent effects on the dipole moments of 2‐N‐methylamino‐5‐nitro‐4‐methyl‐( I ), 2‐N,N‐dimethylamino‐5‐nitro‐4‐methyl‐ ( II ) and 2‐N‐methylamino‐3‐nitro‐4‐methylpyridines ( XIII ) were different. Specific hydrogen bond solute‐solvent interactions increased the charge‐transfer effect in I , but it did not disrupt the intramolecular hydrogen bond in XIII. 相似文献
18.
Christian Chapuis Michel Barthe Carole Cantatore Christine Saint‐Lger Patrick Wyss 《Helvetica chimica acta》2006,89(11):2638-2653
To complete our panorama in structure–activity relationships (SARs) of sandalwood‐like alcohols derived from analogues of α‐campholenal (= (1R)‐2,2,3‐trimethylcyclopent‐3‐ene‐1‐acetaldehyde), we isomerized the epoxy‐isopropyl‐apopinene (?)‐ 2d to the corresponding unreported α‐campholenal analogue (+)‐ 4d (Scheme 1). Derived from the known 3‐demethyl‐α‐campholenal (+)‐ 4a , we prepared the saturated analogue (+)‐ 5a by hydrogenation, while the heterocyclic aldehyde (+)‐ 5b was obtained via a Bayer‐Villiger reaction from the known methyl ketone (+)‐ 6 . Oxidative hydroboration of the known α‐campholenal acetal (?)‐ 8b allowed, after subsequent oxidation of alcohol (+)‐ 9b to ketone (+)‐ 10 , and appropriate alkyl Grignard reaction, access to the 3,4‐disubstituted analogues (+)‐ 4f,g following dehydration and deprotection. (Scheme 2). Epoxidation of either (+)‐ 4b or its methyl ketone (+)‐ 4h , afforded stereoselectively the trans‐epoxy derivatives 11a,b , while the minor cis‐stereoisomer (+)‐ 12a was isolated by chromatography (trans/cis of the epoxy moiety relative to the C2 or C3 side chain). Alternatively, the corresponding trans‐epoxy alcohol or acetate 13a,b was obtained either by reduction/esterification from trans‐epoxy aldehyde (+)‐ 11a or by stereoselective epoxidation of the α‐campholenol (+)‐ 15a or of its acetate (?)‐ 15b , respectively. Their cis‐analogues were prepared starting from (+)‐ 12a . Either (+)‐ 4h or (?)‐ 11b , was submitted to a Bayer‐Villiger oxidation to afford acetate (?)‐ 16a . Since isomerizations of (?)‐ 16 lead preferentially to β‐campholene isomers, we followed a known procedure for the isomerization of (?)‐epoxyverbenone (?)‐ 2e to the norcampholenal analogue (+)‐ 19a . Reduction and subsequent protection afforded the silyl ether (?)‐ 19c , which was stereoselectively hydroborated under oxidative condition to afford the secondary alcohol (+)‐ 20c . Further oxidation and epimerization furnished the trans‐ketone (?)‐ 17a , a known intermediate of either (+)‐β‐necrodol (= (+)‐(1S,3S)‐2,2,3‐trimethyl‐4‐methylenecyclopentanemethanol; 17c ) or (+)‐(Z)‐lancifolol (= (1S,3R,4Z)‐2,2,3‐trimethyl‐4‐(4‐methylpent‐3‐enylidene)cyclopentanemethanol). Finally, hydrogenation of (+)‐ 4b gave the saturated cis‐aldehyde (+)‐ 21 , readily reduced to its corresponding alcohol (+)‐ 22a . Similarly, hydrogenation of β‐campholenol (= 2,3,3‐trimethylcyclopent‐1‐ene‐1‐ethanol) gave access via the cis‐alcohol rac‐ 23a , to the cis‐aldehyde rac‐ 24 . 相似文献
19.
Dr. Yosuke Demizu Prof. Mitsunobu Doi Dr. Masaaki Kurihara Prof. Tokumi Maruyama Prof. Hiroshi Suemune Prof. Masakazu Tanaka 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,18(8):2430-2439
Chiral cyclic α,α‐disubstituted amino acids, (3S,4S)‐ and (3R,4R)‐1‐amino‐3,4‐(dialkoxy)cyclopentanecarboxylic acids ((S,S)‐ and (R,R)‐Ac5cdOR; R: methyl, methoxymethyl), were synthesized from dimethyl L ‐(+)‐ or D ‐(?)‐tartrate, and their homochiral homoligomers were prepared by solution‐phase methods. The preferred secondary structure of the (S,S)‐Ac5cdOMe hexapeptide was a left‐handed (M) 310 helix, whereas those of the (S,S)‐Ac5cdOMe octa‐ and decapeptides were left‐handed (M) α helices, both in solution and in the crystal state. The octa‐ and decapeptides can be well dissolved in pure water and are more α helical in water than in 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol solution. The left‐handed (M) helices of the (S,S)‐Ac5cdOMe homochiral homopeptides were exclusively controlled by the side‐chain chiral centers, because the cyclic amino acid (S,S)‐Ac5cdOMe does not have an α‐carbon chiral center but has side‐chain γ‐carbon chiral centers. 相似文献
20.
Synthesis of Novel,Chiral Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐2‐ene Amino Acid Derivatives as Useful Synthons in Medicinal Chemistry
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Heinz Stadler 《Helvetica chimica acta》2015,98(9):1189-1201
A short and concise synthesis of novel, chiral bicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐2‐ene amino acid derivatives 13 and 14 has been developed. The key step is a stereo‐ and regioselective allylic amination of exo‐ and endo‐methyl bicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐2‐ene‐6‐carboxylates 8 and 9 , which were prepared from 7,7‐dichlorobicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐one ( 1 ). These amino acid derivatives are useful building blocks in medicinal chemistry and can be prepared as chiral compounds by using either (+)‐ 1 or (?)‐ 1 as starting material. 相似文献