The homotopy type of the complement of a coordinate subspace arrangement

The homotopy type of the complement of a complex coordinate subspace arrangement is studied by utilising some connections between its topological and combinatorial structures. A family of arrangements for which the complement is homotopy equivalent to a wedge of spheres is described. One consequence is an application in commutative algebra: certain local rings are proved to be Golod, that is, all Massey products in their homology vanish.     

Enumeration in Convex Geometries and Associated Polytopal Subdivisions of Spheres

We construct CW spheres from the lattices that arise as the closed sets of a convex closure, the meet-distributive lattices. These spheres are nearly polytopal, in the sense that their barycentric subdivisions are simplicial polytopes. The complete information on the numbers of faces and chains of faces in these spheres can be obtained from the defining lattices in a manner analogous to the relation between arrangements of hyperplanes and their underlying geometric intersection lattices.     

Discriminantal Arrangements, Fiber Polytopes and Formality

Manin and Schechtman defined the discriminantal arrangement of a generic hyperplane arrangement as a generalization of the braid arrangement. This paper shows their construction is dual to the fiber zonotope construction of Billera and Sturmfels, and thus makes sense even when the base arrangement is not generic. The hyperplanes, face lattices and intersection lattices of discriminantal arrangements are studied. The discriminantal arrangement over a generic arrangement is shown to be formal (and in some cases 3–formal), though it is in general not free. An example of a free discriminantal arrangement over a generic arrangement is given.     

Crosscut-Simplicial Lattices

We call a finite lattice crosscut-simplicial if the crosscut complex of every nuclear interval is equal to the boundary of a simplex. Every interval of such a lattice is either contractible or homotopy equivalent to a sphere. Recently, Hersh and Mészáros introduced SB-labelings and proved that if a lattice has an SB-labeling then it is crosscut-simplicial. Some known examples of lattices with a natural SB-labeling include the join-distributive lattices, the weak order of a Coxeter group, and the Tamari lattice. Generalizing these three examples, we prove that every meet-semidistributive lattice is crosscut-simplicial, though we do not know whether all such lattices admit an SB-labeling. While not every crosscut-simplicial lattice is meet-semidistributive, we prove that these properties are equivalent for chamber posets of real hyperplane arrangements.     

Cambrian lattices

For an arbitrary finite Coxeter group W, we define the family of Cambrian lattices for W as quotients of the weak order on W with respect to certain lattice congruences. We associate to each Cambrian lattice a complete fan, which we conjecture is the normal fan of a polytope combinatorially isomorphic to the generalized associahedron for W. In types A and B we obtain, by means of a fiber-polytope construction, combinatorial realizations of the Cambrian lattices in terms of triangulations and in terms of permutations. Using this combinatorial information, we prove in types A and B that the Cambrian fans are combinatorially isomorphic to the normal fans of the generalized associahedra and that one of the Cambrian fans is linearly isomorphic to Fomin and Zelevinsky's construction of the normal fan as a “cluster fan.” Our construction does not require a crystallographic Coxeter group and therefore suggests a definition, at least on the level of cellular spheres, of a generalized associahedron for any finite Coxeter group. The Tamari lattice is one of the Cambrian lattices of type A, and two “Tamari” lattices in type B are identified and characterized in terms of signed pattern avoidance. We also show that open intervals in Cambrian lattices are either contractible or homotopy equivalent to spheres.     

Homotopy types of line arrangements

Summary We prove that the complement of a real affine line arrangement inC ² is homotopy equivalent to the canonical 2-complex associated with Randell's presentation of the fundamental group. This provides a much smaller model for the homotopy type of the complement of a real affine 2- or central 3-arrangement than the Salvetti complex and its cousins. As an application we prove that these exist (infinitely many) pairs of central arrangements inC ³ with different underlying matroids whose complements are homotopy equivalent. We also show that two real 3-arrangements whose oriented matroids are connected by a sequence of flips are homotopy equivalent.Oblatum 17-X-1991 & 8-VII-1992Author partially supported by NSF grant DMS-9004202     

A Note on the Homotopy Type of the Alexander Dual

We investigate the homotopy type of the Alexander dual of a simplicial complex. It is known that in general the homotopy type of \(K\) does not determine the homotopy type of its dual \(K^*\) . We construct for each finitely presented group \(G\) , a simply connected simplicial complex \(K\) such that \(\pi _1(K^*)=G\) and study sufficient conditions on \(K\) for \(K^*\) to have the homotopy type of a sphere. We extend the simplicial Alexander duality to the more general context of reduced lattices and relate this construction with Bier spheres using deleted joins of lattices. Finally we introduce an alternative dual, in the context of reduced lattices, with the same homotopy type as the Alexander dual but smaller and simpler to compute.     

Topological representations of matroid maps

The Topological Representation Theorem for (oriented) matroids states that every (oriented) matroid arises from the intersection lattice of an arrangement of codimension one homotopy spheres on a homotopy sphere. In this paper, we use a construction of Engström to show that structure-preserving maps between matroids induce topological mappings between their representations; a result previously known only in the oriented case. Specifically, we show that weak maps induce continuous maps and that this process is a functor from the category of matroids with weak maps to the homotopy category of topological spaces. We also give a new and conceptual proof of a result regarding the Whitney numbers of the first kind of a matroid.     

Shellable Nonpure Complexes and Posets. I

The concept of shellability of complexes is generalized by deleting the requirement of purity (i.e., that all maximal faces have the same dimension). The usefulness of this level of generality was suggested by certain examples coming from the theory of subspace arrangements. We develop several of the basic properties of the concept of nonpure shellability.

Doubly indexed -vectors and -vectors are introduced, and the latter are shown to be nonnegative in the shellable case. Shellable complexes have the homotopy type of a wedge of spheres of various dimensions, and their Stanley-Reisner rings admit a combinatorially induced direct sum decomposition.

The technique of lexicographic shellability for posets is similarly extended from pure posets (all maximal chains of the same length) to the general case. Several examples of nonpure lexicographically shellable posets are given, such as the -equal partition lattice (the intersection lattice of the -equal subspace arrangement) and the Tamari lattices of binary trees. This leads to simplified computation of Betti numbers for the -equal arrangement. It also determines the homotopy type of intervals in a Tamari lattice and in the lattice of number partitions ordered by dominance, thus strengthening some known Möbius function formulas.

The extension to regular CW complexes is briefly discussed and shown to be related to the concept of lexicographic shellability.

     

Faces of a Hyperplane Arrangement Enumerated by Ideal Dimension, with Application to Plane, Plaids, and Shi

The ideal dimension of a real affine set is the dimension of the intersection of its projective topological closure with the infinite hyperplane. We obtain a formula for the number of faces of a real hyperplane arrangement having given dimension and ideal dimension. We apply the formula to the plane, to plaids, which are arrangements of parallel families in general position, and to affinographic arrangements. We compare two definitions of ideal dimension and ask about a complex analog of the enumeration.     

On free $${\mathbb{Z}_{p}}$$ actions on products of spheres

In this paper we consider free actions of large prime order cyclic groups on the product of any number of spheres of the same odd dimension and on products of two spheres of differing odd dimensions. We require only that the action be free on the product as a whole and not each sphere separately. In particular we determine equivariant homotopy type, and for both linear actions and for even numbers of spheres the simple homotopy type and simple structure sets. The results are compared to the analysis and classification done for lens spaces. Similar to lens spaces, the first k-invariant generally determines the homotopy type of many of the quotient spaces, however, the Reidemeister torsion frequently vanishes and many of the homotopy equivalent spaces are also simple homotopy equivalent. Unlike lens spaces, which are determined by their ρ-invariant and Reidemeister torsion, the ρ-invariant here vanishes for even numbers of spheres and linear actions and the Pontrjagin classes become p-localized homeomorphism invariants for a given dimension. The cohomology classes, Pontrjagin classes, and sets of normal invariants are computed in the process.     

On relations between gradient and classical equivariant homotopy groups of spheres

We investigate relations between stable equivariant homotopy groups of spheres in classical and gradient categories. To this end, the auxiliary category of orthogonal equivariant maps, a natural enlargement of the category of gradient maps, is used. Our result allows for describing stable equivariant homotopy groups of spheres in the category of orthogonal maps in terms of classical stable equivariant groups of spheres with shifted stems. We conjecture that stable equivariant homotopy groups of spheres for orthogonal maps and for gradient maps are isomorphic.     

Homotopy Sphere Representations for Matroids

For any rank r oriented matroid M, a construction is given of a ??topological representation?? of M by an arrangement of homotopy spheres in a simplicial complex which is homotopy equivalent to S ^r?C1 . The construction is completely explicit and depends only on a choice of maximal flag in M. If M is orientable, then all Folkman-Lawrence representations of all orientations of M embed in this representation in a homotopically nice way.     

球面稳定同伦群中的一族新元素

本文研究了球面稳定同伦群中元素的非平凡性.利用May谱序列,证明了在Adams谱序列E₂项中存在乘积元素收敛到球面稳定同伦群的一族阶为p的非零元,此非零元具有更高维数的滤子.     

On Intersection Lattices of Hyperplane Arrangements Generated by Generic Points

We consider hyperplane arrangements generated by generic points and study their intersection lattices. These arrangements are known to be equivalent to discriminantal arrangements. We show a fundamental structure of the intersection lattices by decomposing the poset ideals as direct products of smaller lattices corresponding to smaller dimensions. Based on this decomposition we compute the M?bius functions of the lattices and the characteristic polynomials of the arrangements up to dimension six.     

球面稳定同伦元素α1β1βs的非平凡性

决定球面稳定同伦群是同伦论中的核心问题之一, 是非常重要的. 该文证明: 球面稳定同伦元素α₁β₁β_s是一个阶为p的非平凡元素, 其中p ≥ 5是任意奇素数, 1≤ s     

The group of homotopy equivalences of products of spheres and of Lie groups

We investigate the group of self homotopy equivalences of a space X which induce the identity homomorphism on all homotopy groups. We obtain results on the structure of provided the p-localization of X has the homotopy type of a p-local product of odd-dimensional spheres. In particular, we show that is a semidirect product of certain homotopy groups . We also show that has a central series whose successive quotients are , which are direct sums of homotopy groups of p-local spheres. This leads to a determination of the order of the p-torsion subgroup of and an upper bound for its p-exponent. These results apply to any Lie group G at a regular prime p. We derive some general properties of and give numerous explicit calculations. Received: 14 April 2001; in final form: 10 September 2001 / Published online: 17 June 2002     

Face numbers of Engström representations of matroids

A classic problem in the theory of matroids is to find a subspace arrangement, such as a hyperplane or pseudosphere arrangement, whose intersection poset is isomorphic to a prescribed geometric lattice. Engström gave an explicit construction for an infinite family of such arrangements, indexed by the set of finite regular CW complexes. In this paper, we compute the face numbers of these topological representations in terms of the face numbers of the indexing complexes and give upper bounds on the total number of faces in these objects. Moreover, for a fixed rank, we show that the total number of faces in the Engström representation corresponding to a codimension one homotopy sphere arrangement is bounded above by a polynomial in the number of elements of the matroid, whose degree is one less than the matroid’s rank.     

Geometric approach to stable homotopy groups of spheres. The Adams–Hopf invariants

In this paper, a geometric approach to stable homotopy groups of spheres based on the Pontryagin–Thom construction is proposed. From this approach, a new proof of the Hopf-invariant-one theorem of J. F. Adams for all dimensions except 15, 31, 63, and 127 is obtained. It is proved that for n > 127, in the stable homotopy group of spheres Π _n , there is no element with Hopf invariant one. The new proof is based on geometric topology methods. The Pontryagin–Thom theorem (in the form proposed by R. Wells) about the representation of stable homotopy groups of the real, projective, infinite-dimensional space (these groups are mapped onto 2-components of stable homotopy groups of spheres by the Kahn–Priddy theorem) by cobordism classes of immersions of codimension 1 of closed manifolds (generally speaking, nonoriented) is considered. The Hopf invariant is expressed as a characteristic class of the dihedral group for the self-intersection manifold of an immersed codimension-1 manifold that represents the given element in the stable homotopy group. In the new proof, the geometric control principle (by M. Gromov) for immersions in the given regular homotopy classes based on the Smale–Hirsch immersion theorem is required. Translated from Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Matematika, Vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 3–15, 2007.