基于低聚壳聚糖的希夫碱化合物与BSA的相互作用

窄分子量分布低聚壳聚糖CS_<i>n(n表示壳聚糖的聚合度,n=6, 8, 11)和对二甲氨基苯甲醛(DMABA)通过缩合反应得到了新型的基于壳聚糖的希夫碱化合物DMABA-CS_n。利用荧光光谱法,同步荧光光谱法,圆二色谱法(CD)和等温滴定微量热法(ITC)研究了DMABA-CS_n与牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)之间的相互作用。通过荧光光谱法探讨了DMABA-CS_n对BSA的荧光猝灭机制。结果表明,DMABA-CS_<i>n(n=6, 8, 11) 均能使BSA的荧光猝灭,猝灭机制是形成DMABA-CS_n/BSA复合物的静态猝灭。利用同步荧光光谱法和圆二色谱法考察了DMABA-CS_n对BSA构象的影响。研究结果表明,BSA的构象在DMABA-CS_n的溶液微环境中发生了变化。另外,ITC热力学测定结果(ΔH<0, ΔS<0, ΔG<0)表明,BSA与DMABA-CS_n的作用过程是自发进行的放热过程,二者之间的作用力类型主要是氢键和疏水作用。同时,研究结果也说明在一定的分子量范围内,随着CS_n聚合度的增加,DMABA-CS_n更容易与BSA结合。研究结果为DMABA-CS_<i>n(n=6, 8, 11)作为潜在药物的药理作用机制研究提供了一定的理论参考。     

多光谱法与分子对接法研究盐酸四环素与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

盐酸四环素属于抗生素类, 目前有关盐酸四环素和牛血清白蛋白二级结构的影响及作用机理报道较少。在模拟生理条件下,采用荧光光谱法、三维荧光光谱法、紫外-可见光谱法、圆二色谱法和傅里叶红外光谱法以及分子对接模拟法,研究了盐酸四环素与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的相互作用。荧光光谱表明,盐酸四环素能有效猝灭BSA的内源荧光,猝灭机制属静态猝灭,通过Stern-Volmer方程计算结合常数Ka为2.813×105 L·mol-1(298 K)。根据Vant’s Hoff方程确定结合过程中的热力学参数ΔS=-151.1 J·mol-1·K-1、ΔH=-76.09 kJ·mol-1_, 两者之间作用为氢键和范德华力。同步荧光光谱、紫外光谱、三维荧光光谱、红外光谱、圆二色谱结果证明盐酸四环素能够改变BSA的二级结构和微环境。根据Föster’s非辐射能量转移理论,盐酸四环素与BSA结合距离为0.49 nm。希尔系数(n_H)值小于1,表明盐酸四环素与BSA结合后存在药物间协同作用。圆二色谱(CD)定量测定了盐酸四环素与BSA作用前后的二级结构含量：α-螺旋含量增加了9.16%(1:1)。分子对接模拟表明盐酸四环素通过氢键、疏水作用和范德华力等多种作用力结合在BSA的site Ⅰ(亚域ⅡA)。本研究有助于了解盐酸四环素与BSA的作用机制,也有助于理解盐酸四环素对蛋白质在储运过程中功能的影响。     

紫外-可见光谱法研究Fc(COOH)2和BSA相互作用

采用紫外-可见光谱法(UV-Vis)研究Fc(COOH)₂ (λ_max=255 nm)与BSA(λ_max=277.5) 的相互作用。实验结果表明：Fc(COOH)₂在10~190 μmol·L-1范围内吸光度与浓度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.998 4),BSA在100~1 900 mg·L-1范围内,吸光度与浓度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 2),BSA与Fc(COOH)₂反应后,最大吸收波长移至275 nm。当固定Fc(COOH)₂或BSA的浓度时,Fc(COOH)₂或BSA的吸光度随着BSA或Fc(COOH)₂浓度的增加而增大,说明Fc(COOH)₂与BSA存在分子间的相互作用,主要是由于Fc(COOH)₂和 BSA能形成氢键,分子链增长,吸收的能量增加,导致吸光度增大。同时考察Fc(COOH)₂和 BSA的吸光度随时间的变化,70 μmol·L-1的Fc(COOH)₂与1 900 mg·L-1的BSA反应0.1,24和96 h后,在λ_max=275 nm处的吸光度由1.062分别变为1.045和0.986;当700 mg·L-1的BSA与190 μmol·L-1的Fc(COOH)₂反应0.1,24和96 h后,在λ_max=275 nm处的吸光度由0.813分别变为0.794和0.750。     

壳聚糖修饰金属卟啉的制备及磁共振成像性能

合成了窄分子量分布低聚壳聚糖(CS₂₀)修饰的四(4-羧基苯基)锰(Ⅱ)卟啉(Mn-TCPP)功能配合物(Mn-TCPP-CS₂₀)作为一种潜在的磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂。发现该锰基卟啉-壳聚糖配合物(Mn-TCPP-CS₂₀)有良好的水溶性和分子结构稳定性。通过红外(FTIR)、紫外(UV-Vis)、质谱(MS)及电感耦合等离子体发射仪(ICP-AES)对其结构进行了表征。表明,低聚壳聚糖CS₂₀通过酰胺键与Mn-TCPP共价链接。初步研究了功能配合物Mn-TCPP-CS₂₀作为潜在的MRI造影剂的体外弛豫性能,发现其纵向弛豫率r₁ (6.11 mmol-1·l·s-1)高于商用的MRI造影剂Gd-DTPA (r₁=3.59 mmol-1·l·s-1),且在同等条件下体外成像效果更优。Mn-TCPP-CS₂₀可作为潜在的具有组织靶向性的MRI造影剂。     

轴向核苷修饰硅酞菁与白蛋白非共价复合物的制备与光动力活性

通过荧光光谱法研究了5种轴向核苷(胞苷、氮杂胞苷、甲基胞苷、尿苷和甲基尿苷)衍生物修饰硅酞菁与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用,结果表明,它们与BSA存在较强的相互作用,结合常数在(4.90~83.18)×105 mol-1·L之间。因此,进一步制备了二[5’-(2’,3’-O-异丙基)-胞苷氧基]硅酞菁(SiPc1)与BSA的非共价复合物(SiPc1-BSA),复合物中两者的摩尔比为1∶1。SiPc1-BSA与SiPc1在可见区的吸收光谱没有明显区别,两者的Q带最大吸收带均位于686nm附近,且吸收强度没有明显区别,这说明SiPc1结合到白蛋白后,其光谱性质没有受到明显改变。光动力抗癌活性测试表明,SiPc1-BSA具有较高的光动力抗癌活性,对人肝癌细胞HepG2的IC₅₀值为3.0×10-7 mol·L-1,且SiPc1-BSA的光动力活性高于SiPc1(PBS药剂形式,IC₅₀值为7.0×10-7 mol·L-1),这主要可归因于SiPc1-BSA具有更高癌细胞摄取率。     

光谱法和分子对接研究红斑红曲胺与牛血清白蛋白相互作用

近年来,随着对红曲色素的深入研究,其越来越多的功能活性被发现,但其某些致毒作用也使红曲色素的安全性受到了质疑。因此,阐明红曲色素在人体中与大分子的相互作用对深入研究其转运代谢及毒副作用具有重要作用。光谱法是研究溶液中小分子与蛋白质相互作用的一种有效方法,其具有灵敏度高、选择性强、用样量少、方法简单等优点,在研究中得到越来越广泛的应用。为探究红曲色素在体内的转运机制和血液中与转运蛋白的相互作用,本研究首次用红斑红曲胺(Rubropunctamine,Rub）作为红曲色素的典型代表与牛血清白蛋白（bovine serum albumin, BSA）相互作用。利用内源荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱探究不同浓度的Rub对BSA的荧光猝灭作用,采用Stern-Volmer方程、Lineweaver-Burk函数和Van’t-Hoff方程对不同温度下BSA与Rub作用后在λ_EX/λ_EM(280.0 nm/340.0 nm)（λ_EX/λ_EM表示荧光的激发波长和发射波长）的内源荧光强度值确定二者作用类型、结合位点数及相互作用机理,进一步利用圆二色谱定量测定了Rub的结合对BSA二级结构影响,最后运用软件Discovery Studio2.5对Rub与BSA的相互结合进行分子对接模拟。结果显示：(1) Rub对BSA具有较强的内源荧光猝灭效果,在λ_EX/λ_EM(280.0 nm/340.0 nm)的荧光强度下降306.1,发射波长由338.6 nm蓝移到331.8 nm,同步荧光显示荧光猝灭主要发生在色氨酸残基上。(2)Stern-Volmer方程计算得到动态猝灭速率常数K_q为2.335×1012 L·(mol·s)-1,远大于此类型允许的最大扩散碰撞常数2.0×1010 L·(mol·s)-1,判定该猝灭是单纯的静态猝灭过程。利用Lineweaver-Burk函数计算得到静态猝灭速率常数K_q随温度升高而减小,即该复合物在温度升高时变得不稳定。(3)利用等式lg[(F₀-F)/F]=lgK₀＋nlgc_Q得到两者结合常数可达103 L·mol-1以上,结合位点数近似为1,且随着温度增加表观结合常数变小。(4)不同温度下Van’t-Hoff方程计算得到ΔH,ΔS,ΔG都小于0,则该相互作用能自发进行且氢键和范德华力是其主要的相互作用力。(5)圆二色谱测得BSA与Rub结合后二级结构中α-螺旋含量由29.4%降至20.2%;β-折叠由39.9%上升到50.7%;β-转角由6.5%下降到3.5%;无规则卷曲由24.2%上升到25.6%。(6)分子对接发现Rub结合点位于 BSA中由Arg458,Asp108,Glu424和Ser428等氨基酸形成的口袋内,与Arg458有范德华力作用,与Arg144形成分子内氢键,影响到Trp213微环境。     

贝诺酯与牛血清白蛋白位点选择性结合的分子光谱研究

采用荧光光谱、紫外可见光谱、同步荧光光谱及三维荧光光谱等分子光谱方法,研究了生理条件下贝诺酯(BEN)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。结果表明,BEN对BSA的内源荧光有显著的猝灭作用,猝灭机理为动态猝灭,二者之间的作用力类型以疏水作用为主,BEN与BSA发生反应后,使BSA的疏水环境极性增强,疏水性减弱,荧光强度降低。测得的表观结合常数和结合位点数分别是1 050 L·mol^-1和0.88,同时测得了焓变(ΔH)、熵变(ΔS)和自由能变(ΔG)等热力学参数。同步荧光和三维荧光光谱的结果表明,BEN使BSA的构象发生改变。利用荧光特异性位点探针DA和DP,通过竞争结合实验,监测BEN与BSA的结合位点,测得了位点Ⅰ和位点Ⅱ的表观结合常数分别为4 300 L·mol^-1和21 200 L·mol^-1,表明BEN与BSA优先在位点Ⅱ结合。     

甲钴胺与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱特性

应用荧光光谱法、紫外吸收光谱法及共振光散射法,研究了甲钴胺 (Mecobalamin) 与牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) 之间的相互作用。在pH=7.40的三羟甲基胺基甲烷-盐酸 (Tris-HCl) 缓冲溶液中,随着甲钴胺浓度的增加,BSA的荧光强度、共振散射光强度逐渐减弱。通过计算不同温度(293,303,310 K)下的猝灭常数 (K_sv=5.40×10⁴,6.90×10⁴,8.00×10⁴ L/mol) 及扫描紫外吸收光谱,确定了甲钴胺对牛血清白蛋白的猝灭机理为动态猝灭。测定了该反应的表观结合常数 (K_A=1.68×10⁴,4.34×10⁴,7.90×10⁴ L/mol)和结合位点数 (n≈1)。利用热力学参数 (ΔH>0、ΔG<0和ΔS>0) 确定了分子间的作用力性质,作用力主要是疏水作用力,作用过程是自发的。同时应用同步荧光技术研究了甲钴胺对BSA构象的影响。结果表明,甲钴胺没有引起BSA构象的变化。     

天然丰度的N-磷酰化氨基酸的15N NMR 研究

采用¹⁵N-¹H的2D HSQC、HMBC实验方法,测定了天然丰度的N-磷酰化氨基酸样品在溶液中的¹⁵N化学位移δ_N及偶合常数J_N-P,J_N-H. 实验表明：对于¹⁵N天然丰度样品,这是一种快速有效的实验方法. 研究发现：N-酰化后的氨基酸,其δ_N以及与氮原子直接相连的质子¹H的化学位移均发生十分明显的高场位移,而偶合常数¹J_N-P,¹J_N-H的变化与化合物构型相关联 .     

槲皮素与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

利用荧光光谱(FS)和紫外光谱(UV)法研究了槲皮素与牛血清白蛋白之间的相互作用。结果表明,静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移是导致槲皮素对BSA荧光猝灭的两大原因,槲皮素与BSA的结合常数K_A为2.8×108(26 ℃)和3.1×108(36 ℃),结合位点数为1.76±0.01,根据Frster非辐射能量转移理论得到槲皮素与BSA之间的结合距离为3.25 nm (26 ℃)和3.30 nm(36 ℃),表明槲皮素的部分片段可以插入BSA分子内部。通过计算热力学参数,可知该药物与蛋白的相互作用是一个熵增加和吉布斯自由能降低的自发过程,并由此推断槲皮素与BSA之间的作用力是以疏水相互作用为主。     

Polysaccharides-based polyelectrolyte nanoparticles as protein drugs delivery system

Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles were prepared by synthesized quaternized chitosan and dextran sulfate through simple ionic-gelation self-assembled method. Introduction of quaternized groups was intended to increase water solubility of chitosan and make the nanoparticles have broader pH sensitive range which can remain more stable in physiological pH and decrease the loss of protein drugs caused by the gastric cavity. The load of BSA was affected by molecular parameter, i.e., degree of substitution, and average molecular weight of quaternized chitosan, as well as concentration of BSA. Fast release occurred in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) while the release was slow in hydrochloric acid (pH 1.4). The drug release mechanism is Fickian diffusion through release kinetics analysis. Cell uptake demonstrated nanoparicles can internalize into Caco-2 cells, which suggested that nanoparticles had good biocompatibility. No significant conformation change was noted for the released BSA in comparison with native BSA using circular dichroism spectroscopy. This kind of novel composite nanoparticles may be a promising delivery system for oral protein and peptide drugs.     

Quinolinesulfonamides: Interaction between bovine serum albumin,molecular docking analysis,and antiproliferative activity against human breast carcinoma cells

The complex formation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with library of all seven regioisomeric quinolinesulfonamides (QSAs) under physiological condition is studied in this paper. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of BSA by QSAs was discussed and the association constants, as well as the number of binding sites, were calculated. In addition, a molecular docking study of the tested sulfamoylquinolines on the active site of serum albumin is performed. The experimental data and molecular docking studies reveal that sulfamoylquinolines bind in the large hydrophobic cavity of subdomain IB, and in the hydrophobic pockets of BSA subdomains IIA and IIIA by hydrophobic interactions with tryptophanyl (Trp-213) and tyrosyl residues. Moreover, the antiproliferative activity of QSAs against two human breast cancer cell lines (human adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human ductal carcinoma (MDA-MB-231)) and a human normal fibroblast is also studied in this paper. The antiproliferative activity of the tested QSAs was comparable to those of cisplatin. The returned data indicate that some of the tested quinolinesulfamoyl derivatives display significant cytotoxic activity.     

稀土探针Sm3+与牛血清白蛋白结合作用的分子光谱及电化学表征

研究了稀土Sm3 与牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)固体配合物合成方法 ,对其傅里叶红外光谱分析表明 ,Sm3 与牛血清白蛋白的羟基的氧和胺基或酰胺基的氮形成强烈的配位配合物。紫外光谱分析表明 ,Sm3 与BSA作用时直接与酪氨酸残基作用。在模拟生理条件下研究了Sm3 与BSA的结合性质 ,荧光光谱分析表明Sm3 与BSA形成 2 5∶1的配合物 ,表观络合常数为lgK =11 0 0。并用循环伏安法研究了pH条件对Sm3 与BSA结合作用的影响以及该配合物的稳定性     

Molecular association processes and fluorescent characteristics of nanomarkers of the fluorescein family in solutions of bovine serum albumin

An analysis of the molecular association and fluorescent characteristics of nanomarkers of the fluorescein family, viz., fluorescein, erythrosine, eosine, and Rose Bengal, in BSA solutions was conducted. For all the markers a decreasing degree of molecular association was observed in the BSA solutions as compared with the solutions without protein. In the solutions with BSA, fluorescence quenching and red shifting of the fluorescence spectrum maximum occurred for the solutions with BAS compared with solutions without protein for the markers of the fluorescein family. The dependences of the degree of molecular association on pH differed for fluorescein and its halogen derivatives. The efficiency dependences of nanomarker binding with BSA on pH differed for fluorescein and its halogen derivatives.     

光谱法研究稀土离子钇(Ⅲ)与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

用荧光光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱研究了稀土金属离子Y3+与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。实验结果发现:Y3+对BSA的紫外吸收光谱具有增强作用,而对荧光光谱具有较强的荧光猝灭作用且峰位明显蓝移20～25 nm。用Stern-Volmer方程分别对实验数据进行分析,得出结论:Y3+对BSA的荧光猝灭作用是属于静态荧光猝灭,Y3+与BSA反应生成了新的复合物,发生了分子内的非辐射能量转移。求得相互作用过程的结合常数(KA)和热力学参数(ΔΗ、ΔS、ΔG),确定了它们之间的主要作用力是范德华力、氢键等,但静电作用力也不可忽略。同步荧光光谱法表明Y3+对牛血清白蛋白的构象有影响。     

超声波对PEG/磷酸盐双水相系统组成及BSA分配的影响

超声波有望强化双水相萃取分离过程。本文研究了超声波对聚乙二醇(PEG)/磷酸盐双水相系统(ATPS)组成及牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在其中分配的变化规律。在超声波作用下,由于PEG6000的分子量增大,引起PEG600010%(w/w)/PO43-6%(w/w)ATPS在混合过程的Gibbs自由能变化增大,所形成的两相间差别变大,相图节线变长;而且,PEG分子量增大改变了BSA在双水相系统的静电作用和盐析作用,超声波作用提高了BSA在ATPS上相中的含量,增大了分配系数,减少了下相分配率。     

Detection of Polymolecular Associations in Hydrophobized Chitosan Derivatives using Fluorescent Probes

The microenvironment formed by lauroyl and stearoyl derivatives of chitosan in solution has been studied using two fluorescent probes, pyrene and nabumetone. Existence or not of microdomains formed by polymolecular associations, the inherent hydrophobicity of them in aqueous solution, and the influence of degree of substitution (DS) of derivatives were investigated by emission properties of pyrene and strengthened by the photophysical behavior of nabumetone. Additionally, the ratio between the fluorescence intensities of first (~372 nm) to the third (~384 nm) bands of the emission spectrum of pyrene was used to determine the critical aggregation concentration (CAC). In a previous work, it was already reported the characterization of chitosan derivatives by three spectroscopic techniques (¹³C-NMR, ¹H-NMR and infrared), as well as data on the solubility and swelling-index of them. In addition of that, the new results show that the investigated lauroyl and stearoyl derivatives of chitosan are expected to be potential models for applications in the medical field.     

Biomimetic synthesis of HgS nanoparticles in the bovine serum albumin solution

HgS nanocrystals conjugated with protein were synthesized in aqueous solution of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) at room temperature. The obtained HgS nanoparticles with average diameter about 20–40 nm were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The quantum-confined effect of the HgS nanoparticles is confirmed by the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The rescults indicate that the BSA not only induce the nucleation, but inhibit the further growth of HgS nanoparticles. The effect of Hg²⁺ on BSA and the change of BSA conformation were studied through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The possible mechanism of HgS nanoparticles growth in the BSA solution was also discussed.     

Proton relaxation enhancement by means of serum albumin and poly-L-lysine labeled with DTPA-Gd3+: relaxivities as a function of molecular weight and conjugation efficiency.

A series of poly-L-lysine chains, with molecular weight ranging from 3300 up to 102,000 Da, were labeled with DTPA-Gd3+. No significant differences in longitudinal and transversal relaxivity, could be demonstrated as a function of the chain length. The R1 and R2 relaxivities were respectively 2.5 and 5 times superior to those of plain DTPA-Gd3+ (at 2.4 T). Bovine serum albumin was also labeled in a way that a wide (DTPA-Gd3+)/BSA range (3-39) was obtained. The longitudinal relaxivity, of these paramagnetically labeled albumins, increased with increasing (DTPA-Gd3+)/BSA ratios. This effect was most pronounced at very low (DTPA-Gd3+)/BSA ratios.