QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中17种氨基甲酸酯类农药及其代谢物残留

建立了检测茶叶中灭多威等17种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法。详细讨论了加水对茶叶中氨基甲酸酯类农药提取效率的影响。茶叶样品加水后,用乙腈提取,经QuEChERS方法净化,C18色谱柱分离,三重四极杆电喷雾质谱检测,基质外标法定量。17种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留在各自质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R~2)均大于0. 99。方法检出限(S/N=3)为0. 001～0. 02 mg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0. 002～0. 05 mg/kg。在0. 05,0. 5,5. 0 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,17种农药残留平均加标回收率在82. 1%～119. 2%之间,相对标准偏差均小于8. 5%。     

超高压液相色谱-串联质谱测定茶叶中10种极性农药残留

建立了绿茶、乌龙茶、红茶和普洱茶中8种氨基甲酸酯和2种烟碱类农药等10种极性农药残留超高压液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。茶叶样品经水润湿15 min后,乙腈提取,Carbon/NH2固相萃取净化,乙腈-甲苯(3:1V/V)淋洗。UPLC-MS/MS采用电喷雾电离(ESI),多反应监测模式(MRM)分析。方法在7.5,15,30μg/kg添加水平上回收率达到72.2%～92.5%,RSD≤9.2%。10种农药的基质效应因不同农药和不同种类茶叶基质存在较大差异,且均表现为基质抑制效应,因此校正工作液需采用相似茶叶空白基质配制。方法的定量限(LOQ)均达到7.5μg/kg.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查茶叶中的204种农药残留

利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)技术建立了茶叶中204种农药残留的快速筛查和确证检测方法。样品采用乙腈提取,经Carb-PSA固相萃取小柱净化,用乙腈-甲苯(3:1, v/v)洗脱,采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS检测,外标法定量。建立了204种农药的一级精确质量数据库和二级谱图库,通过化合物的精确质量数、保留时间、同位素比值等信息对检测结果进行自动检索,从而在无对照标准品的情况下完成了204种农药的定性鉴定。结果表明,该方法可以同时对茶叶中204种农药残留进行快速筛查,在10、20、50 μg/kg 3个添加水平下的平均回收率为68.1%~117.2%,相对标准偏差为3.1%~18.9%。定量限均小于10 μg/kg。采用本方法对4份阳性样品进行检测,所得结果与GB/T 23205-2008的检测结果基本一致。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于茶叶中204种农药残留的快速筛查。     

固相萃取净化-气相色谱/串联质谱法测定茶叶中54种农药残留量

建立了固相萃取净化-气相色谱/串联质谱(SPE-GC-MS/MS)分析茶叶中54种农药残留的方法。样品用乙睛提取,提取液经石墨化炭黑/氨基固相萃取柱净化后,采用气相色谱-串联质谱方法在分时段选择反应监测模式下进行测定,外标法定量。当54种农药加标水平为10、50、100μg/kg时,回收率为60%～150%,方法的相对标准偏差小于16%;定量限(LOQ)均小于10μg/kg;在20～320μg/L范围内线性关系良好。方法已用于同时检测茶叶中农药多残留。     

在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱法检测茶叶中的153种农药残留

建立了在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱(GPC-GC/MS)分析茶叶中153种农药残留的方法。样品用乙腈超声提取,提取液经石墨化炭黑固相萃取柱净化后,经GPC-GC/MS在线净化、分离和检测。方法的加标回收率为73.32%～117.05%,相对标准偏差为0.76%～13.18%。方法的检出限和定量限范围分别为0.0003～0.006 mg/kg和0.001～0.02 mg/kg。该方法样品前处理简单、分析时间短,灵敏度和精密度均符合农药多残留检测技术的要求,适用于茶叶中多种农药残留的检测。     

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱筛查茶叶中166种农药残留方法研究

建立了改良QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（QuEChERS/UHPLC-QExactive Orbitrap MS）同时测定茶叶中166种农药残留的分析方法。样品采用改良QuEChERS技术进行前处理,以Full MS模式下的精确分子离子为定量离子,特征碎片离子与二级质谱信息定性,外标法定量。以绿茶和红茶作为基质验证方法的准确度和精密度。绿茶中15种农药在4～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,其余151种农药在2～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好;红茶中所有农药在2～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好;相关系数（r）均大于0.99。绿茶与红茶中基质效应分别为-56%～63%和-19%～110%。在4个加标水平下,绿茶、红茶中116种农药的回收率均在70%～130%之间;绿茶和红茶中分别有99%、87%的农药相对标准偏差（RSD）小于20%。定量下限（LOQ）为10～25μg/kg。应用建立的方法分析20份实际茶叶样品（14份绿茶,6份红茶）的农药残留情况,绿茶、红茶样品中各检出9种农药,残留量均低于国家标准最大残留限量。该方法为茶叶中农药残留的高通量筛查...     

液相色谱-串联质谱法与气相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中苦参碱残留量

建立了茶叶中苦参碱残留检测的两种前处理方法,比较了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)与气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测茶叶中苦参碱残留量分析方法的适用性。结果表明,在添加标准样品10~100μg/kg 3个水平时,两种前处理方法的回收率和精密度无显著差别;GC-MS/MS和LC-MS/MS回收率分别为81%~85%、82%~86%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为4.6%~11.5%和2.9%~4.2%。结果表明两种样品前处理方法以及LC-MS/MS与GC-MS/MS检测均能满足茶叶中苦参碱残留量的测定,但采用前处理方法二,LC-MS/MS检测茶叶中苦参碱残留更具优势。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-负化学源质谱法测定茶叶中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量

建立了茶叶中13种有机氯和10种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的气相色谱-负化学离子源.质谱(GC-NCl-MS)分析方法.茶叶样品用V(丙酮):V(CH2Cl2)=1:1混合液作提取剂经加速溶剂萃取,提取液经凝胶色谱净化除去大部分的色素、脂类和蜡质,再经活性炭-氨基(Carb-NH2)复合小柱和Florisil小柱净化后,用GC-NCl-MS的选择离子监测方式(SIM)进行定性和定量分析.添加50μg/kg 浓度水平时,农药回收率在45.6%～112.4%之间,相对标准偏差在0.57%～10.1%之间;方法的检出限(3倍信噪比)在0.05～10.0μg/kg之间.方法适用于出口茶叶农残检测实际工作.     

全自动QuEChERS-LPGC-MS/MS检测茶叶中46种农药残留

建立了全自动QuEChERS样品前处理系统结合低压气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(LPGC-MS/MS)同时检测茶叶中46种农药残留的分析方法。茶叶样品经粉碎均匀后,用全自动QuEChERS样品前处理系统提取、净化,氮吹浓缩后,用TG-5LPGC-MS柱分离,三重四极杆质谱多反应监测(Multiple Reaction Monitoring,MRM)模式检测目标物,外标法定量。在1倍定量限、2倍定量限和10倍定量限三个添加水平下,选定的空白茶叶样品中的回收率在77.9%～106.3%之间,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.8%～9.4%,方法的检出限(detection of limit,LOD)在0.11～4.3μg·kg^-1。该方法自动化程度高,出错率低,耗时短,有效的节省人力资源成本及实验成本,适用于大批量茶叶样品中多种农药残留的快速定性定量。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中88种农药残留量

采用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析技术,建立了高灵敏度检测茶叶中88种农药残留量的方法。目标化合物经加速溶剂萃取(ASE), Carb/NH2净化小柱净化,乙腈-甲苯(3:1, v/v)洗脱,采用GC-MS/MS测定。对方法的准确性、精密度、线性范围、最低检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)进行了测试。其中87.5%的农药在低水平(6.4 μg/kg)的加标回收率为70%～100%; 87.5%的农药的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于15%。每个化合物均采用灵敏度最高的离子对进行定量,并采用空白茶叶基质配制标准工作液。LOQ以10倍信噪比(S/N=10)计算,86.4%农药的LOQ值低于10 μg/kg。该方法灵敏度高、准确、可靠,适用于绿茶、乌龙茶、红茶以及普洱茶中多种农药残留量的检测。     

凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱-离子阱质谱法测定桔梗原药和当归提取物中101种农药残留

建立了凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）-气相色谱-离子阱质谱同时检测桔梗原药和当归提取物中101种农药残留的分析方法。方法采用乙腈超声辅助提取桔梗原药和当归提取物,浓缩提取液至近干后用乙酸乙酯-环己烷（1∶1, v/v）复溶,采用凝胶渗透色谱法（选取40 cm长、内径20 mm的凝胶渗透色谱柱）对样品进行净化,弃去前段含脂类、色素等杂质的流出液,收集17~30 min洗脱液并旋转蒸发浓缩至近干,甲苯1 mL定容上机。选用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离待测物,通过离子阱质谱实现对101种农药残留的高效检测。方法通过优化前处理条件和离子阱二级质谱参数,有效降低了复杂中药基质对待测化合物的干扰,最大限度提高了样品中农药的定量准确性和回收率,101种农药3水平添加的平均回收率为58.3%~108.9%,每个添加水平10次独立重复测定的相对标准偏差为0.4%~16.5%,检出限（LOD）范围为0.2~40.0 μg/kg,可满足当前韩国、日本、欧洲规定的最大残留限量（maximum residue limits, MRLs）要求。方法具有操作简单快速、灵敏度高、重复性好等特点,凝胶渗透色谱技术的应用克服了固相萃取小柱净化容量不足的弊端,离子阱技术的应用可以进一步排除共流出基体杂质的干扰,提高定量和定性的准确性,检测效果优于常用的气相色谱-质谱法,是对中药中同时分析多种农药残留检测方法的有益补充。     

Analysis of trace levels of pesticides in rainwater by SPME and GC-tandem mass spectrometry after derivatisation with PFFBr

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was used for the analysis of some pesticides (bromoxynil, chlorotoluron, diuron, isoproturon, 2,4-MCPA, MCPP and 2,4-D) in rainwater after derivatisation with PFBBr and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. The derivatisation procedure was optimized by testing different methods: direct derivatisation in the aqueous phase followed by SPME extraction, on-fibre derivatisation and derivatisation in the injector. The best result was obtained by headspace coating the PDMS/DVB fibre with PFBBr for 10 min followed by direct SPME extraction for 60 min at 68 °C (pH 2 and 75% NaCl). Good detection limits were obtained for all the compounds: these ranged between 10 and 1,000 ng L⁻¹ with a relatively high uncertainty due to the combination of derivatisation and SPME extraction steps. The optimized procedure was applied to the analysis of pesticides in rainwater and results obtained shows that this method is a fast and simple technique to assess the spatial and temporal variations of concentrations of pesticides in rainwater.     

Use of solid-phase microextraction for the detection of acetic acid by ion-trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and application to indoor levels in museums

A simple and efficient method using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-ITMS) was developed for the analysis of acetic acid in air. The choice of the SPME fibre revealed to be critical as well as the sampling and desorption time. A dilution vessel was used for calibration. The precision of the method was found to be 4.7% relative standard deviation (RSD) and the detection limit 5.7 microg m(-3). The SPME-GC-MS technique was applied to the analysis of acetic acid in museum atmospheres.     

LC–IT–TOF MS法分析湖南黑茶中水溶性成分

建立了湖南黑茶中水溶性成分的液相色谱–离子阱串联飞行时间质谱(LC–IT–TOF MS)快速分离和确证方法。实验用90℃热水恒温提取湖南黑茶样品中水溶性成分,采用液相色谱–离子阱串联飞行时间质谱仪对其中的水溶性提取物进行分离测定。利用准确质量数匹配和自建质谱数据库检索,结合保留时间、多级质谱、特征碎片离子等信息,对湖南黑茶中的43种水溶性化合物的进行了初步确证。该法可得到黑茶独特滋味品质的特征成分,为湖南黑茶品质评价和质量控制提供了一种新的技术手段。     

Solid-phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry as a tool for pesticide residue analysis in water samples at high sensitivity and selectivity with confirmation capabilities

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been widely applied for pesticide monitoring because of its high sensitivity and specificity and for the potential of multi-residue and multi-class analysis. An analytical procedure was developed for the determination of pesticide multi-residues in water samples combining solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. For SPME extraction a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-divinylbenzene coated fibre was selected whereas the mass spectrometer was operated under full scan, selected ion storage (SIS), microSIS (SIM) and MS-MS and the figures of merit compared. Quantitative and qualitative (confirmatory) capabilities of each operation mode are discussed. Using MS-MS, precision was typically below 10% and limits of detection (LODs) were improved by 1.3 to 20 times (to low- or sub-ppt levels) compared to microSIS, with the advantage of maintaining identification capabilities. The combination of selective extraction by SPME and highly selective determination by GC-MS-MS made possible ultra-selective and essentially error-free determination of pesticides in complex environmental samples. This aspect will be highlighted in the paper.     

气相色谱-离子阱质谱法测定海洋贝类中多残留有机氯农药、多氯联苯和多环芳烃

本研究建立了凝胶渗透色谱和铝硅胶柱前处理,气相色谱-离子阱质谱法测定海洋贝类体内20种有机氯农药、28种多氯联苯和16种多环芳烃的多残留分析方法。通过对凝胶渗透色谱的组分收集时间和铝硅胶柱的正戊烷淋洗体积的实验条件优化,实现了样品索氏提取液的凝胶渗透色谱初步净化、铝硅胶柱色谱的组分分离和进一步去除干扰物质。结果表明,多氯联苯、有机氯农药和多环芳烃各化合物的方法检出限分别为0.01~0.14,0.02~0.17和0.52~0.81ng/g(湿重),样品的加标回收率和相对标准偏差分别为:多氯联苯84.1%~120.2%、5.6%~15.9%;多环芳烃62.3%~123.1%、8.7%~20.5%;有机氯农药77.3%~127.5%、3.1%~18.7%。本方法降低了样品的前处理成本,缩短了样品处理时间,可应用于海洋贝类体内持久性有机污染物的实际监测。     

Determination of organophosphorus pesticides by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry using a large‐volume injection technique after magnetic extraction

A fast and efficient method was developed for the extraction and determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. Organophosphorus pesticides were extracted by solid‐phase extraction using magnetic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and determined by gas chromatography with ion‐trap mass spectrometry. Parameters affecting the extraction were investigated. Under optimum conditions of the method, 10 mg magnetic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes were added into 10 mL sample. After 2 min, adsorbent particles settled at the bottom of test tube with a magnet. After removing aqueous supernatant, the analytes were desorbed with acetonitrile. Then, 70 μL of acetonitrile phase was injected into the gas chromatography and mass spectrometry system that had an ion‐trap analyzer. To achieve high sensitivity, the large‐volume‐injection technique was used with a programmed temperature vaporization inlet, and the ion‐trap mass spectrometer was operated in single ion storage mode. Under the best conditions, the enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were in the range of 113–124 and 74–103%, respectively. The limits of detection were between 3 and 15 ng/L, and the relative standard deviations were < 10%. This method was successfully used for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in dam water, lagoon water, and river water samples with good reproducibility and recovery.     

Determination of anabolic steroids with gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry using hydrogen as carrier gas.

Helium is considered to be the ideal carrier gas for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in general, and for use with an ion trap in particular. Helium is an inert gas, can be used without special precautions for security and, moreover, it is needed as a damping gas in the trap. A disadvantage of helium is the high viscosity resulting in long GC run times. In this work hydrogen was tested as an alternative carrier gas for GC in performing GC/MS analyses. A hydrogen generator was used as a safe source of hydrogen gas. It is demonstrated that hydrogen can be used as a carrier gas for the gas chromatograph in combination with helium as make-up gas for the trap. The analysis time was thus shortened and the chromatographic performance was optimized. Although hydrogen has proven useful as a carrier gas in gas chromatography coupled to standard detectors such as ECD or FID, its use is not mentioned extensively in the literature concerning gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. However, it is worth considering as a possibility because of its chromatographic advantages and its advantageous price when using a hydrogen generator.     

离子阱串联质谱法检测鱼肉中指示性多氯联苯

建立了使用离子阱串联质谱技术和同位素稀释技术准确测定鱼肉中的7种指示性多氯联苯（PCB）单体的方法。方法的检出限为0．025—0．068ng／g,6个加标鱼样（添加水平1ng／g）中7个单体的回收率为87.2％～103.7％,RSD为3．2％-8．7％（n=6）。本方法定量准确可靠,可用于食品中指示性PCB的测定。     

固相萃取/离子阱气相色谱质谱联用对血液中多种安眠药物的同时测定

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用测定血液中多种安眠药物的分析方法,通过固相萃取提取并富集血液样品中的9种常见巴比妥类、吩噻嗪类和苯二氮杂类安眠药物,采用离子阱二级质谱检测其含量。通过优化萃取溶液pH值及气相色谱-质谱联用分析条件,对9种安眠药物进行了定量分析。采用离子阱串联质谱(MS/MS)技术消除基底干扰,给出被测物结构信息。9种安眠药物的检出限为0.04~0.10 mg/L,回收率为78%~93%。方法用于人心血中安眠药物的检测,检出安定0.6 mg/L。该方法高效、简单、灵敏度高,可用于血液中巴比妥类、吩噻嗪类和苯二氮杂类安眠药物的同时测定。