常压均匀辉光放电等离子体的杀菌作用

讨论了常压均匀辉光放电等离子体的形成和杀菌机理，提出了等离子体杀菌技术，并通过实例介绍了常压均匀辉光放电等离子体在空气过滤杀菌中的效果和实际使用价值。     

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes/alumina composites in supercritical media

Nanosized composites based on multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Al₂O₃ have been obtained for the first time in supercritical (SC) media (water, hexane, and their mixture). For comparison, materials of the same net composition have been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and sol–gel processing. The composites have been characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. The structure of the materials synthesized in the SC media depends on the fluid composition. The most uniform composite containing alumina particles that are comparable in size to the CNT diameter and are stabilized on the carbon surface can be obtained in the SC mixture of hexane and water. When water and hexane are used separately, the formation of large alumina crystals on the CNT surface and contamination of the composite by the products of hexane pyrolysis and carbonization are, respectively, observed.     

Supercontinuum spectra generation in the single-mode optical fibre with concave dispersion profile

In this paper, a new method is proposed to generate broad supercontinuum (SC) spectra in the single-mode optical fibre with concave dispersion profile. We numerically simulate pulse evolutions and discuss physics mechanism in detail for SC spectrum generation in the optical fibre with concave dispersion profile. Furthermore, general criteria are presented for specifying the shape of SC spectrum by introducing normalized parameters, which are related to the fibres and the initial pump pulses. The results show that the flat and broad SC spectra are indeed generated in our proposed optical fibre.     

Fiber supercontinuum generators with an extended set of controlled parameters in real time scale

Different methods for controlling the radiation parameters of supercontinuum (SC) are analyzed. In particular, the possibility of varying the SC spectral power density due to variations in the pulse repetition rate and radiation wavelength of the pumping laser, the increase in the SC degree of coherence due to the choice of the optimal phase modulation of pumping pulses, and the variations in the SC pulse repetition rate in the two-wave pumping scheme due to the variations in the frequency difference are considered. A new method for controlling the spectrum width and the spectral power density level of the SC generated upon continuous excitation using an additional noise pumping component is proposed.     

整形飞秒激光脉冲的成丝超连续辐射控制

飞秒激光成丝超连续辐射具有高强度和高时空相干性等优点,作为一种超宽带光源在很多领域都具有广泛的应用前景.本文提出一种结合微透镜阵列的空间调制和基于液晶空间光调制器的时域整形的飞秒激光脉冲整形方式,利用基于遗传算法的反馈优化控制,实现了飞秒激光在熔融石英中成丝产生的超连续辐射强度的调制,得到了在一定范围内光谱强度可控的超连续辐射光谱;光谱的能量密度可以从0.03μJ/nm调制到0.09μJ/nm,其能量密度变化达到了初始值的3倍.计算了典型迭代代数对应的整形脉冲时域包络,分析了超连续光谱随迭代代数的演化趋势,结果表明,脉冲包络的峰值强度和波形分布是影响超连续光谱展宽和强度的主要物理原因.     

Ultraviolet conical emission produced by high-power femtosecond laser pulse in transparent media

In this work, supercontinuum conical emission (SC CE) accompanying the filamentation of powerful ultrashort laser pulse in BK₇ glass and fused silica is studied. The SC CE is controlled by the laser power density and the sample thickness, and the minimum SC CE cut-off wavelength is about 309?nm in the BK₇ glass and 237?nm in the fused silica. The angular distributions of the SC CE in the wavelength range less than 510?nm are measured by using a new method, and it cannot be explained by the Cerenkov emission theory but the unabridged X-Waves solution theory. Meanwhile numerical simulations of the propagation of femtosecond laser pulse in sample are performed to provide theoretical support to our results.     

Electronic properties of novel 6 K superconductor LiFeP in comparison with LiFeAs from first principles calculations

Very recently, the new 6 K superconductor (SC) LiFeP, the first arsenic-free analog of the family of the so-called “111” FeAs SCs, was discovered. Here, based on first-principle FLAPW-GGA calculations, the band structure, density of states, Fermi surface topology, electron density distribution and effective atomic charges for the new SC LiFeP are investigated for the first time and discussed in comparison with isostructural and isoelectronic LiFeAs. In addition, the theoretical shapes of FeL X-ray emission spectra for LiFeP and LiFeAs are evaluated and compared with available experiments.     

提高射频超导加速腔性能的表面干式处理研究

射频超导谐振腔以其优越性在加速器领域起到了常温加速腔无法替代的作用. 超导腔的表面 特性直接影响到加速腔的性能. 为进一步提高超导腔的加速性能，北京大学利用超高真空氩 离子清洗技术发展了一种超导腔表面的干式处理方法. 与传统的湿处理方法(化学抛光BCP和 电抛光EP)相比，干式处理方法具有其特有的优点，有可能成为一种新的超导腔表面处理方 法，对提高加速腔的性能起到推动作用. 进一步的研究正在进行之中. 关键词： 射频超导 表面处理 溅射 抛光     

1.3GHz单cell高梯度低损耗超导腔设计研究

计划中的国际直线对撞机(简称 ILC), 已确定采用低温超导技术. 研究表明, ILC的整体造价与超导腔的加速梯度密切相关, 因此新型高梯度超导腔的研制, 已成为目前ILC的热门课题. 目前超导腔加速梯度的提高受限于超导体射频临界磁场(H_c^rf), 希望通过腔形的优化设计, 来减小超导腔表面峰值磁场与加速梯度的比值(H_p/E_acc), 进而提高超导腔的加速梯度, 以满足ILC的要求. 目前, 具有代表性的高梯度超导腔新腔形有两种, 即低损耗超导腔(LLSCC)和重入式超导腔(RESCC). LLSCC相对于RESCC而言, 具有较低的H_p/E_acc, 因此在理论上LLSCC更易于达到较高的梯度. 作者对1.3GHz单cell高梯度低损耗超导腔的腔形进行了详细的研究, 给出了相应低损耗超导腔腔形, 并对这一设计结果进行了分析比较.     

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EAST 装置电流馈线系统由13 对NbTi 材料CICC 超导母线组成,连接超导磁体系统和高温超导电流引线,为磁体系统的运行提供馈电通道和失超状态下能量的释放通道。馈线系统中超导母线由液氦制冷机通过低温分配阀箱提供的4.5K 超临界氦冷却,冷却通道进口压力为0.45MPa,出口压力不小于0.25MPa。通过对超导母线和接头内流道中的迫流氦的压降计算确定了冷却流程方案为1 对TF 超导母线单独串联组成1 个冷却通道, 12 对PF 超导母线分为6 个冷却通道,每个通道由2 对PF 超导母线串联组成。     

EAST 装置新超导馈线系统冷却回路设计

EAST 装置电流馈线系统由13 对NbTi 材料CICC 超导母线组成,连接超导磁体系统和高温超导电流引线,为磁体系统的运行提供馈电通道和失超状态下能量的释放通道。馈线系统中超导母线由液氦制冷机通过低温分配阀箱提供的4.5K 超临界氦冷却,冷却通道进口压力为0.45MPa,出口压力不小于0.25MPa。通过对超导母线和接头内流道中的迫流氦的压降计算确定了冷却流程方案为1 对TF 超导母线单独串联组成1 个冷却通道, 12 对PF 超导母线分为6 个冷却通道,每个通道由2 对PF 超导母线串联组成。     

消毒灭菌的电离辐射与电磁辐射等物理技术比较分析北大核心CSCD

消毒灭菌技术广泛应用于食品工业、医疗领域、水处理等方面。相对于传统化学和热效应的消毒灭菌方法,γ射线、X射线、电子束、微波、低温等离子体、紫外线、高压脉冲电场等物理手段具有不污染环境、消毒灭菌温度低、没有化学残留物等优点而日益受到重视。但这些物理技术手段各有不同,本文首先介绍了γ射线、X射线、电子束、微波、低温等离子体、紫外线、高压脉冲电场等消毒灭菌的技术原理,然后对比了各自优缺点和应用领域。每种方法都有优势和不足,应针对不同的消毒灭菌对象而选择不同的方式。最后,展望了消毒灭菌的发展方向,提出了消毒灭菌在家庭日常消毒、医疗垃圾处理、有人状态下的室内空气消毒等方面的迫切需求。     

A Study of ibuprofen solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

In the work, a method of study of solubility of pharmaceutical substances in high-pressure gases and supercritical media with Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy has been developed. An investigation of the process of ibuprofen dissolution in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO₂) in a real-time scale has been performed. On the basis of analysis of the time dependences of the integral intensities of the selected IR-absorption bands of ibuprofen on the value of the initial weighed portion the value of solubility (molar fraction) of ibuprofen in SC CO₂ at a temperature of 35°C and pressure of 15.0 MPa was obtained, being equal to (8.9 ± 1.6) × 10^?3.     

Reinforcement Learning for Bit-Flipping Decoding of Polar Codes

A traditional successive cancellation (SC) decoding algorithm produces error propagation in the decoding process. In order to improve the SC decoding performance, it is important to solve the error propagation. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm combining reinforcement learning and SC flip (SCF) decoding of polar codes, which is called a Q-learning-assisted SCF (QLSCF) decoding algorithm. The proposed QLSCF decoding algorithm uses reinforcement learning technology to select candidate bits for the SC flipping decoding. We establish a reinforcement learning model for selecting candidate bits, and the agent selects candidate bits to decode the information sequence. In our scheme, the decoding delay caused by the metric ordering can be removed during the decoding process. Simulation results demonstrate that the decoding delay of the proposed algorithm is reduced compared with the SCF decoding algorithm, based on critical set without loss of performance.     

中国科学院近代物理研究所磁体工程进展概述(英文)

本文着重论述了中国科学院近代物理研究所目前正在研制的三大磁体工程,它们包括重离子治癌工程(HIMM),强流重离子加速器(HIAF)工程,以及加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)。在HIMM工程中的常规磁体建设中,着重介绍了联合运用钝化槽与活极头两项技术改善磁场品质的设计方法,并且运用Opera-3D设计软件,对该类高场常规磁体进行了数值分析,进一步地测量了该磁体磁场分布情况,相关的测量结果与数值模拟结果吻合良好。而对于正在处于预研阶段的HIAF工程中的快脉冲超导二极磁体,讨论了超导磁体的前期设计与结构优化技术,包括CACC超导线缆的结构设计,80 K冷屏与线圈盒结构的优化,力-磁耦合结构计算方法等。而在嬗变核废料处理的C-ADS注入器II中,核心部件是具有高磁场(高达7～8 T)的多层复合超导螺线管磁体结构,介绍了其在励磁和失超过程中相关磁学和力学多场实验测试工作。这些相关的设计和测量技术将为中国科学院近代物理研究所自主研制的磁体工程的物理和结构设计提供方法和指导。     

Immiscible multicomponent lattice Boltzmann model for fluids with high relaxation time ratio

An immiscible multicomponent lattice Boltzmann model is developed for fluids with high relaxation time ratios, which is based on the model proposed by Shan and Chen (SC). In the SC model, an interaction potential between particles is incorporated into the discrete lattice Boltzmann equation through the equilibrium velocity. Compared to the SC model, external forces in our model are discretized directly into the discrete lattice Boltzmann equation, as proposed by Guo et al. We develop it into a new multicomponent lattice Boltzmann (LB) model which has the ability to simulate immiscible multicomponent fluids with relaxation time ratio as large as 29.0 and to reduce ‘spurious velocity’. In this work, the improved model is validated and studied using the central bubble case and the rising bubble case. It finds good applications in both static and dynamic cases for multicomponent simulations with different relaxation time ratios.     

Using accelerated electron beams for the radiation processing of foodstuffs and biomaterials

The Department of Accelerator Physics and Radiation Medicine of Moscow State University’s Faculty of Physics conducts experiments on the radiation processing of food products and the development of a new technology for the combined sterilization of bone implants, based on the joint action of different sterilizing factors (radiation and sterilization) in a gaseous medium. Radiation processing of potato tubers and bone implants is performed using accelerated electron beams with energies of 1 MeV. The results from experimental investigations along these lines are presented.     

In组分梯度渐变的n-i-p结构InGaN太阳能电池性能研究

为了优化InGaN太阳能电池结构并有效地指导实际电池的制备,研究了n-i-p(p层在下)In组分梯度渐变结构的InGaN太阳能电池的性能特征。通过APSYS软件模拟计算,对比采用p-i-n渐变结构(p层在上)和n-i-p渐变结构(p层在下)的InGaN太阳能电池的器件性能。结果表明,采用n-i-p渐变结构的InGaN电池,i-InGaN层在低In组分下没有明显的优势,而在高In组分下的器件性能较好。在In组分为0.62时,转换效率最高达到8.48%。分析表明,p层在下的n-i-p渐变结构使得InGaN电池的极化电场与耗尽区的内建电场方向一致,有利于载流子的输运。采用n-i-p渐变结构有利于制备高性能的InGaN太阳能电池。     

Effects of pulse chirp on supercontinuum produced in dispersion decreasing fibre

The supercontinuum (SC) source plays a key role in wavelength division multiplexing over the optical time division multiplexing (WDM/OTDM) transmission system. The SC produced in dispersion decreasing fibre (DDF) is wider and flatter than that produced in dispersion shifted fibre (DSF). In this paper, a SC producing process in DDF is numerically simulated, the effects of pump pulse chirp on the SC width and flatness are initially studied and the corresponding theoretical explanations are given. Particularly, we have analysed and compared the evolutions of the SC along DDF pumped by different chirp pulses. Several valuable conclusions are obtained.     

Design of SC solenoid with high homogeneity

A novel kind of SC (superconducting) solenoid coil is designed to satisfy the homogeneity requirement of the magnetic field. In this paper, we first calculate the current density distribution of the solenoid coil section through the linear programming method. Then a traditional solenoid and a nonrectangular section solenoid are designed to produce a central field up to 7 T with a homogeneity to the greatest extent. After comparision of the two solenoid coils designed in magnet field quality, fabrication cost and other aspects, the new design of the nonrectangular section of a solenoid coil can be realized through improving the techniques of framework fabrication and winding. Finally, the outlook and error analysis of this kind of SC magnet coil are also discussed briefly.