Copolymerization of 2,2-diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride with vinyl acetate

The free-radical copolymerization of 2,2-diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride with vinyl acetate in bulk and organic solvents has been studied. Copolymerization is shown to produce random copolymers. The kinetic features of the process are examined, and the relative activities of the monomers are estimated. 2,2-Diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride is involved in copolymerization with vinyl acetate via both double bonds to give rise to pyrrolidinium structures.     

Copolymerization of 2,2-diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride with N-substituted maleimides

The free-radical copolymerization of 2,2-diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride with N-phenyl- and N-p-carboxyphenylmaleimide is studied in bulk and in organic solvents. It is shown that copolymerization proceeds to form copolymers with a high tendency toward alternation of monomer units. The kinetic laws of the reaction are investigated, and the relative activities of the monomers are determined. It is found that 2,2-diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride is involved in copolymerization with N-substituted maleimides to give rise to pyrrolidinium structures. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 09-03-00220) and the by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences through the program Development of Methods of Synthesis of Chemical Substances and the Creation of Novel Materials.     

Copolymerization of 2,2-diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride and maleic acid

The free-radical copolymerization of 1,1,3,3-tetraethyl-2,2-diallylguanidinium chloride and maleic acid in bulk and organic solvents forms copolymers with a high tendency of monomer units toward alternation. It is shown that 1,1,3,3-tetraethyl-2,2-diallylguanidinium chloride undergoes copolymerization with maleic acid to give rise to pyrrolidinium structures in the cyclolinear polymer chain.     

Copolymerization of 2,2-Diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride with fumaric acid

Radical copolymerization of 2,2-diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride with fumaric acid in the bulk and in organic solvents was studied. The kinetic relationships of the reaction were examined, and the relative activities of the monomers were determined.     

Copolymerization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-vinylpyrrolidone with 2,2-diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride

Radical copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone with 2,2-diallyl-l,l,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride in the bulk and in dimethyl sulfoxide was studied. Kinetic parameters of the reaction were examined. The monomer activities were determined.     

Nanocomposites of silver and copolymers of 2,2-Diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride with vinyl acetate

New water-soluble nanocomposites consisting of silver nanoparticles and copolymers of 2,2-diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride with vinyl acetate were prepared. These nanocomposites show promise for the development of new water-soluble antiseptics and biocides.     

Copolymerizations of alkyl methacrylates with vinyltriacetoxysilane

Copolymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) with vinyltriacetoxysilane (VTAS) have been carried out in bulk at 70°. The compositions of the copolymers were determined from their silicon contents; the reactivity ratios were calculated by the Kelen-Tüdo&#x030B;s method. For MMA/VTAS, r₁ = 7.75 ± 0.31 and for BMA/VTAS, r₁ = 4.62 ± 0.15; in both systems, r₂ is zero, indicating that VTAS does not homopolymerize under the experimental conditions. The influence of the silicon comonomer on properties of the copolymers, such as solubility annd thermal behaviour, was studied.     

Preparation and polymerization of difluoramino-substituted alkyl acrylates and methacrylates

Several difluoramino-substituted alkyl acrylic acid esters were conveniently prepared by the debromination of difluoramino-substituted alkyl-2,3-dibromopropionates and 2,3-dibromoisobutyrates. The polymerization character of difluoramino-substituted alkyl acrylates and methacrylates was found to be similar to that displayed by other alkyl acrylic esters.     

Thermal behaviour of trimethoxy silane modified alkyl methacrylates

The paper deals with the thermal behaviour of trimethoxy silane (MTS) modified ethyl methacrylate (EMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA). Several copolymer samples were prepared by varying the molar ratio of MTS with respect to EMA or BMA. The copolymerisation was carried out at 78 °C for 120 min using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. Incorporation of MTS in alkyl methacrylates resulted in an increase in thermal stability. Hydrolytic cross-linking of copolymer having higher mole fraction of MTS gave a cross-linked product with better thermal stability.

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Zusammenfassung Vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem thermischen Verhalten von Äthylmethakrylat (EMA) und Bulhylmethakrylat (BMA), das mit Trimethoxysilan (MTS) modifiziert wurde. Unter Anwendung verschiedener Molverhältnisse von MTS und EMA bzw. BMA wurden einige Kopolymerproben hergestellt. Die Kopolymerisation wurde 120 Minuten lang bei 78 °C und mit Benzoylperpxid als Initiator durchgeführt. Der Einbau von MTS in Alkylmethakrylate führt zu einer Steigerung der thermischen Stabilität. Eine hydrolytische Vernetzung der Kopolymere mit größeren Molanteilen an MTS ergeben vernetzte Produkte mit verbesserter thermischer Stabilität.

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Thermal degradation of poly(alkyl methacrylates)

The thermal degradation of selected poly(alkyl methacrylates) at temperatures between 300 and 800 °C was investigated by pyrolysis gas chromatography. Quantitative characterization of the pyrolysis products yields insights into the mechanism for thermal degradation of poly(alkyl methacrylates) under these conditions. Unsaturated monomeric alkyl methacrylates, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, methanol, ethanol, and propanol were formed during thermal degradation of poly(alkyl methacrylates).     

Copolymerizations of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with alkyl methacrylates

Copolymerizations of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with ethyl methacrylate and n-butyl methacrylate were studied in bulk at temperatures between 60 and 80° using benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The monomer reactivity ratios were calculated using Joshi-Joshi, Fineman-Ross and intersection methods. The temperature had only a marginal effect on the reactivity ratios.     

Thermal degradation of copolymers based on selected alkyl methacrylates

The thermal stability and thermal degradation of copolymers based on selected alkyl methacrylates at temperatures between 250 and 400?°C have been studied using pyrolysis?Cgas chromatography. The type and composition of thermal degradation products gave useful information about the mechanism of pyrolysis of copolymers synthesized by using typical commercially available alkyl methacrylates. It was observed that the main thermal degradation products from alkyl methacrylate copolymers are monomers of alkyl methacrylates using by synthesis. Other pyrolysis by-products formed during thermal degradation were carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, methanol, ethanol, and propanol-1.     

Thermal degradation of copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and alkyl methacrylates

Thermal degradation of homopolymers of ethyl methacrylate (I), n-butyl methacrylate (II), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (III), and copolymers of III with I and II were carried out by thermal volatilization analysis (TVA) up to 440°C with subsequent subambient thermal volatilization analysis (SATVA). An on-line mass spectrometry coupled with TVA and SATVA was employed to identify the products of thermal degradations. Isothermal pyrolyses of the polymers were carried out separately at 400°C in vacuum for 30 min and the liquid products of decomposition were collected and analysed by gas chromatography. The relationship between the amounts of I and II obtained from pyrolysis and the amounts of these components actually present in the copolymer samples was determined. Also the amount of III and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate obtained from pyrolysis increases with the amount of III in the copolymer. The polymers were also characterized by differential thermal analysis.     

Copolymerization of 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate and cyclic esters

The anionic and/or insertion copolymerization of 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) with ϵ-caprolactone (ECL), pivalolactone (PVL) and L-lactide (LLA) is presented with special emphasis on the copolymerization mechanism. Statistical copolymers are obtained by copolymerization of DTC with ECL and with LLA, while with PVL a block copolymer is obtained. The role of transesterification on the microstructure is discussed.