Wide-angle low-loss waveguide branching for integrated optics

A new wide-angle, low-loss, symmetrical Y-branch waveguide is proposed. The waveguide configuration utilizes ribs for lateral confinement in the planar guiding region underneath. This Y-branch structure can be fabricated easily without an additional process step. Together with a utilization of the multimode interference effect, a local decrease of the waveguide ridge in the wedge part of the Y-branch reduces the radiation loss. When proper@ designed, the proposed Y-branch has a radiation loss as low as 2.2 dB at a branch angle of 6° with the index difference (Δn/n) as small as 7.1 × 10^-4 at a wavelength of 870 nm in the TE fundamental mode as compared to 12.6 dB for a conventional Y-branch. The proposed method yields corresponding advantages for waveguide designs with a higher Δn/n ratio and can also be adapted in combination with S-branch designs.     

The Novel Y-Branch With Two Reflectors

A novel Y-branch waveguide with two reflectors is proposed. The normalized transmitted power for the branching angle of 50°is greater than 70%, which is higher than conventional Y-branch with such wide angle.     

Cosine bend-linear waveguide digital optical switch with parabolic heater

A new digital optical switch (DOS) with large branching angle and short device length that exhibits low crosstalk and low power consumption is demonstrated. The Y-branch shape was optimized by introducing constant effective refractive index difference between branches (ΔN_eff) along the propagation direction through beam propagation method (BPM) scheme. To provide decreasing local branching angle that results in the improvement of the crosstalk, two modified cosine bend was introduced to form the Y-branch. The modified cosine branch was then connected to a linear branch. The heater electrode was optimized so that the temperature fields induce a constant ΔN_eff to satisfy initial assumption in designing the Y-branch shape. With branching angle of 0.299° and device length of only 5 mm, the simulation shows that the device could exhibits crosstalk of −33 dB at calculated required power of only 26 mW.     

Compact design of 1×16 cascaded Y-branch splitter

We proposed a new kind of cascade Y-branch splitter with a branching region and a fan-out region.The length of the new device are analyzed in detail and compared with ordinary ones.The results show that the new splitter can be 10%-30% shorter than the ordinary splitters.We designed and fabricated a 1× 16 splitter in K+/Na+ ion-exchanged BK7 glass.The length of the new designed splitter is 30-mm,which is 85% of the length of an ordinary splitter.     

Capacitive-coupling-enhanced switching gain in an electron y-branch switch

We have fabricated electron Y-branch switches (YBS) on modulation doped GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The Y branch consists of a one-dimensional source, which is split along the branching section into two one-dimensional drains. In addition to source drain voltages, external electric fields can be applied via gates along the branches. In the nonlinear transport regime sweeps of the side-gate voltages lead to a voltage difference between the drain reservoirs with gain. This switching gain increases superlinearly with the bias voltage applied between the source and the drains of the YBS. We explain the bias voltage enhanced switching by a capacitive coupling of the branches.     

带有矩形过渡区的非对称Y分支光波导

提出了带有矩形过渡区的非对称Y分支光波导的两种设计方案。分别通过设置两分支波导不同的宽度和改变分支波导与矩形中心的轴偏移量,去获得非对称分支比。采用有限差分光束传播法（FD-BPM）对两种结构进行模拟,得出它们的分支比和损耗。分支比分别最高可达809／6和72．9％,其相对应的损耗分别低于0．12dB和0．23dB,充分证明了方案的可行性,为以后非对称Y分支光波导的制作提供了实验基础。     

基于热膨胀效应的可调光功率分束器设计

可调光功率分束器是集成光子系统中的重要功能器件,其光功率输出具有动态可调控特性,诸多光子系统对其有着广泛需求.本文基于空隙槽型Y分支波导结构,利用热膨胀效应,提出了一种新型可调光功率分束器实现方法,通过调控温度来改变分支处空隙槽的宽度,以实现其分支波导的光功率输出的动态变化.采用有限元方法,对其热膨胀形变和光学性能进行了模拟分析.其模拟结果表明,该器件能实现大范围光分束调控,且对波长和偏振态依赖性低;同时,该器件具有结构简单、易于设计和制作、易于调控等优点,这种新型器件在各种光子系统中具有重要应用前景.     

一阶模的滤除及在Y分支和多模干涉结构中的应用

Y分支和多模干涉结构广泛应用于平面光波导器件中，在这些器件中，Y分支和多模干涉结构输出对称性具有重要意义。引入Y分支和多模干涉结构输出的不对称主要原因是这两种结构中产生了一阶导模，设计一种新的耦合器结构，在这个结构中．两根单模波导分别放置在一根多模波导两边，并且单模波导的传播常量与多模波导的一阶模的传播常量相同，这种结构可以将一阶导模滤除。在Y分支和多模干涉结构中使用了这种结构，模拟结果表明，采用这种耦合器的Y分支和多模干涉结构具有非常好的输出对称性。     

质子交换LiNbO3波导调制器多模截止波长的测试技术研究

提出并实验了一种采用倒置输入的结构来测定Y分支LiNbO3波导相位调制器的多模截止波长的新方法,模式耦合分析表明,倒置输入的Y分支波导的多模传输的输出功率具有随波长变动发生振荡的特征,该特征可用于定量判定多模截止波长.方法的有效性得到了波束传播法(BPM)仿真和样品实验两方面的验证.     

Light-propagation characteristics of Y-branch defect waveguides in AlGaAs-based air-bridge-type two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs

Y-branch defect waveguides (DWGs) in an AlGaAs-based air-bridge-type two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) slab were fabricated, and the resulting optical transmission spectra were measured. Optical beam propagation along the waveguide was successfully observed in vidicon IR images. The measured transmission spectra at the two output ports in the Y-branch DWG were remarkably similar in shape and magnitude. From comparison between the measured and calculated transmission spectra, the observed optical beam was identified as the guided mode based on the Y-branch DWG in the 2D PC slab. The results suggest that the Y-branch DWG used in the experiment has the potential to function as an ultrasmall 3-dB beam splitter with good performance.     

Single-crystalline Zn2SnO4 hexangular microprisms: Fabrication, characterization and optical properties

Large-scale Zn₂SnO₄ hexangular microprisms were successfully synthesized through a simple thermal evaporation method by heating metal Zn and Sn powders under varying temperatures. The synthesized microprisms are single-crystalline, tens of micrometers in length. And their surfaces have many nano-scale skewed steps along the axial direction. Structurally, we supposed that the hexangular prism could be described as a row of inlaid octahedron of Zn₂SnO₄ crystals. A broad asymmetrical emission band was observed in the PL spectrum of these Zn₂SnO₄ microprisms, which was discussed in detail in the paper.     

Fabrication and characterization of Mg-doped pencil-shaped ZnO microprisms

Two types of novel Mg-doped pencil-shaped ZnO microprisms had been successfully synthesized on Mg(NO₃)₂-coated Si (1 1 1) substrates by thermal chemical vapor deposition method. The as-prepared ZnO prisms were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field-emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The straight microprisms are made up of hexagonal pyramids tips and hexagonal prisms bodies. Both of the structures are perfect single crystal and have grown along the [0 0 0 1] direction preferentially. Photoluminescence reveals a red-shift at around 387 nm which is induced by Mg doping and a green light emission peak at around 511 nm. The pencil-shaped ZnO microstructure can provide an improvement in novel ultraviolet light-emitting devices. In addition, the growth mechanism of the special ZnO microprisms is discussed briefly.     

基于表面等等离波子的新型Y分支波导

新型高效的纳米光波导器件的研制纳米集成光学的核心技术之一。Y分支波导作为最基本的分光和光路连接元件是纳米光学器件设计与制备的基础。运用时域有限差分(FDTD)法,模拟计算了基于表面等等离波子(SPP)的纳米Y分支波导的传输特性。结果表明,该新型Y分支波导在光通信波段可以实现大角度的分光功能,且在180°分支情况下,传输效率仍高达92.8%以上。另外,该波导还具有导波性能良好、对分叉处间隙缺陷大小不敏感及制作容差较大和器件尺寸在纳米量级等特点。对该新型光波导器件的研究为未来纳米集成光学器件的研制和应用有一定的指导意义。     

基于光纤反射腔的高灵敏电流传感器方案

提出了一种基于平面Y分支波导与法拉第旋镜的高灵敏度光纤电流传感器结构方案。利用两个法拉第旋镜与平面Y分支波导构成一个光纤反射腔,通过光在腔中的多次反射来增加待测电流导致的传感光纤中的法拉第相移,从而实现对微弱电流的测量。该结构方案中首次采用了平面Y分支光波导,从而可降低光路系统损耗,增加灵敏度,为微弱电流测量的工程化提供了一种可行的方法。     

A novel Y-branch waveguide for power dividing and mode splitting

A novel Y-branch waveguide for variable-ratio power dividing and transverse electrical-transverse magnetic (TE-TM) mode splitting depending on the applied voltage is presented. The Y-branch waveguide is formed by two closely coupled waveguides tabricated by nickel indiffusion (NI) and by magnesium-oxide induced lithium outdiffusion (MILO) in a y-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) substrate. The TE component of the randomly polarized light is tuned between these two waveguides, such that the device can be either a power divider or a mode splitter depending on the applied voltage. The measured TE mode extinction ratio is about 20 dB.     

扩展多模波导全内反射型Y分叉开关的分析

利用全内反射和波导理论，分析了多模波导反射区全内反射(Total Internal Reflection，TIR)型光开关的物理模型和降低串音和损耗的原因，给出改进Y分叉全内反射型光开关特征的近似计算方法。数值模拟表明，扩展多模波导的Y分叉全内反射开关的串音和损耗可分别下降15．5dB和0．65dB以上。     

Design and analysis of a novel tunable optical power splitter

A novel tunable optical power splitter,with a Y-branch waveguide based on the total internal reflection and a microprism with tunable index refraction,is presented.Numerical simulation of its optical performance shows that a high dynamic range,low optical loss,and relatively low wavelength-dependence can be achieved.This component offers numerous advantages such as ease for fabrication,low cost,and compact size,which are very useful for potential application in integrated optical devices.     

Demonstration of a mode-conversion cavity add-drop filter

We experimentally demonstrate a new type of add-drop filter incorporating an asymmetric Y-branch waveguide coupler and a shifted-grating mode-conversion cavity. The device relies on mode separation in the asymmetric Y-branch and wavelength-selective mode conversion upon reflection from the shifted-grating cavity. Add-drop functionality is demonstrated in a three-port integrated silicon-on-insulator device.     

XGK-04型广角天幕靶

提出了一种广角天幕靶设计方法,改进了原来天幕靶的光学结构,在采用同样的光学镜头和光电接收器件条件下,视场角增大到40°,采用双镜头拼接,整机视场增大到80°。该装置可以用来测试弹丸末速,作为较大靶面的触发装置,为其他弹道测试仪器提供同步信号。经实弹射击验证,设计的广角天幕靶性能稳定、可靠,测试误差满足靶场测试中对弹丸速度测量要求。     

Evanescent-wave-coupled optical light beam deflector with symmetrical structure

We purpose a waveguide optical deflector using a Y-branch waveguide coupled to a slab waveguide via gaps between them. Narrow stripe electrodes placed on the Y-branch waveguide enables a fast deflection. A symmetrical light beam with low side lobes is generated by a simple structure.