Phase transitions in the two-dimensional ferro- and antiferromagnetic potts models on a triangular lattice

The phase transitions in the two-dimensional ferro- and antiferromagnetic Potts models with q = 3 states of spin on a triangular lattice are studied using cluster algorithms and the classical Monte Carlo method. Systems with linear sizes L = 20–120 are considered. The method of fourth-order Binder cumulants and histogram analysis are used to discover that a second-order phase transition occurs in the ferromagnetic Potts model and a first-order phase transition takes place in the antiferromagnetic Potts model. The static critical indices of heat capacity (α), magnetic susceptibility (γ), magnetization (β), and correlation radius index (ν) are calculated for the ferromagnetic Potts model using the finite-size scaling theory.     

Influence of the spin-orbital interaction on the kinetic properties of ferro- and antiferromagnetic alloys

The s-d(f) exchange model is used to estimate the influence of the spin-orbital interaction on the kinetic coefficients of binary ferro- and antiferromagnetic alloys, including the electric and thermal resistivities and the thermo-electromotive force.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 21–28, May, 1972.     

Constant coupling approximation for antiferromagnets with mixed ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions

The constant-coupling approximation is extended to an antiferromagnetic spin-$\text{1}\text{2}$ system with two distinct anisotropic exchange interactions. The thermodynamic properties such as the transition temperature, magnetization, susceptibility and specific heat are discussed for three special cases: (i) ferro- and antiferromagnetic Ising interactions, (ii) isotropic ferro- and antiferromagnetic Heisenberg interactions; and (iii) isotropic ferromagnetic Heisenberg interactions and antiferromagnetic Ising interactions, allowing in each case for two different nearest-neighbour coupling constants. Numerical calculations have been performed for a layer structure with z = 6 intraplanar and z' = 6 interplanar nearest neighbours and the results are compared with those obtained in other approximations. Applying the theory to FeCl₂, the exchange constants are evaluated. It is shown that the calculated magnitudes of the interactions strongly depend upon the exchange-interaction model assumed.     

Microscopic nature of ferro- and antiferromagnetic interface coupling of uncompensated magnetic moments in exchange bias systems

Exchange bias in layered CoO/Fe structures is investigated by x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity (XRMR) measurements. Element-specific hysteresis loops are obtained from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism effects in the XRMR spectra. Evidence is provided for the existence of different types of uncompensated moments in the antiferromagnetic material. Explanations are given for the microscopic nature of these moments and the complex exchange interactions that determine the magnetization reversal in exchange bias systems.     

Refractive index and dispersion of the Europium-Chalcogenides

The refractive index of the Europium-Chalcogenides has been measured as a function of wavelength, temperature and magnetic field and compared with dispersion theory. The refractive index increases from EuO to EuTe and with decreasing temperature. Attributing different oscillator strengths to the various substances, classical dispersion theory can account for the observed changes in the refractive index. The optical and static dielectric constant, the Reststrahlen wavelength and the compressibility have been computed.     

Monte Carlo study of the phase transitions in 2D ferro- and antiferromagnetic Potts models on a triangular lattice

The phase transitions in 2D ferro- and antiferromagnetic Potts models with number of spin states q = 3 on a triangular lattice are investigated by the cluster and classical Monte Carlo methods. Systems with linear sizes L = 20–120 are considered. Fourth-order Binder cumulants and histogram data analysis are used to show that second- and first-order phase transitions are observed in the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic Potts models, respectively. The static critical indices are calculated for specific heat α, susceptibility γ, magnetization β, and correlation length ν on the basis of finite-size scaling theory for a ferromagnetic Potts model.     

Observation of antiferromagnetic correlations in UBe13

The wavevector and energy dependence of the paramagnetic response in the normal phase of the Heavy Fermion system UBe₁₃ has been investigated between 10 K and 300 K using polarized neutrons and polarization analysis. At 10 K the response was found to be enhanced at non zero wave-vectors indicating the presence of strong antiferromagnetic correlations. The peaks in the scattering occured at positions expected for incipient type G antiferromagnetism of the simple cubic uranium sublattice. At room temperature the spatial correlations completely disappeared and the response was wave vector independent. Constant Q scans carried out at 10 K confirmed the Lorentzian dependence proposed by Goldman et al. [1].     

Anisotropy of antiferromagnetic 180 degrees domains in LiCoPO4 and LiNiPO4

Unexpected three-dimensional distributions of antiferromagnetic 180 degrees domains are observed in LiCoPO4 and LiNiPO4 by optical second harmonic generation. Domains in LiCoPO4 are isotropic in spite of the quasi-two-dimensional magnetic structure whereas domains in LiNiPO4 are distinctly anisotropic, but in contrast to the anisotropy of the magnetic structure. The diversity reveals a potential for fine-tuning magnetic properties determined by the distribution of domains or domain walls and the urgent need for an improved understanding of spatial correlations in antiferromagnets.     

Coarsening of antiferromagnetic domains in multilayers: the key role of magnetocrystalline anisotropy

The domain structure of an antiferromagnetic superlattice is studied. Synchrotron M?ssbauer and polarized neutron reflectometric maps show micrometer-size primary domain formation as the external field decreases from saturation to remanence. A secondary domain state consisting mainly of at least 1 order of magnitude larger domains is created when a small field along the layer magnetizations induces a bulk-spin-flop transition. The domain-size distribution is reproducibly dependent on the magnetic prehistory. The condition for domain coarsening is shown to be the equilibrium of the external field energy with the anisotropy energy.     

Rearrangement of crystallographic domains driven by magnetic field in antiferromagnetic CoO

The rearrangement was investigated of crystallographic domains in the antiferromagnetic pseudo-tetragonal phase in CoO (Néel temperature: 293 K) when the domains were driven by a magnetic field. A rearrangement is generally observed in ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys. The rearrangement was found to occur at temperatures between 170 K and 293 K, but not at temperatures below 170 K. In order to determine the reason for such a difference, the shear stress driven by a magnetic field, τ _mag, was calculated and compared with the shear stress required for twinning plane movement, τ _req. It was found that τ _mag is equal to or larger than τ _req whenever the rearrangement of crystallographic domains occurs due to the application of a magnetic field, and vice versa. This observation is similar to past observations in the case of many ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys.     

Observation of muon level-crossing resonance in antiferromagnetic MnF2

We report the observation of μ⁺ Level-Crossing Resonances (LCR's) in the ordered phase of an antiferromagnetic material. Two LCR's were observed in MnF₂ as a function of longitudinal magnetic field in the temperature range between 10K and 65K. Both are attributed to a muon in an interstitial octahedral-like site. The low field resonance is attributed to a muon-nuclear spin flip-flop transition involving the two nearest neighbour¹⁹F nuclei. The high field resonance occurs when the applied field cancels the local hyperfine field on the muon. The positions and widths of the LCR's were seen to scale with the sublattice magnetization.     

Spin-waves in Heisenberg ferro- and antiferromagnet

We report the result of the spin-wave spectrum, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and short range correlation for one and two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet and ferromagnet by using the variational theory at finite temperatures. The spin-wave spectrum in one-dimensional antiferromagnet at T = 0, is in good agreement with the exact theory of Cloizeaux and Pearson.     

Observation of diamagnetic domains in beryllium

We have observed diamagnetic domains (Condon domains) in a beryllium single crystal in magnetic fields H⩽3 T (H∥[0001]) at liquid-helium temperatures. The formation of the domain structure was determined according to magnetic-breakdown quantum oscillations of the resistance thermoelectric power as well as according to the splitting of the resonance peak of the free spin precession frequency of muons (μSR). The alternation of a uniform state (with one μSR peak) and a state with domain structure (with two peaks) is consistent as regards the periodicity with the de Haas-van Alphen effect, the period is ΔH≅78 Oe, and the range of existence of domains and the difference in their magnetizations are ΔB=4πΔM=B ₂−B ₁≅30 Oe. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 524–526 (March 1998)     

Observation of domains in the helical phase of MnP

Chirality domains differentiated by the sense of rotation of the spiral are observed by polarized neutron diffraction topography in single crystals of MnP. They mainly occur as stripes perpendicular to the helix axis about 150 μm in width and several mm in length.The domain patterns and senses of spiral are repeatable on thermal cycling though polishing or application of a uniaxial stress modifies the domain structure and relative volumes. Grossly unbalanced domain populations have been observed.     

Topography of antiferromagnetic domains using second harmonic generation with an external reference

2 O₃, in which the time-invariant second-harmonic reference can be generated either intrinsically by the crystal or externally by use of the new technique, so that both methods may be compared. The technique is then used to visualize the domain structure of YMnO₃, an antiferromagnetic crystal which does not provide the time-invariant reference wave intrinsically. The experiments demonstrate the wide applicability of the method. Received: 13 June 1997     

Spin-flop ordering from frustrated ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions: a combined theoretical and experimental study of a Mn/Fe(100) monolayer

The occurrence of a noncollinear magnetic structure at a Mn monolayer grown epitaxially on Fe(100) is predicted theoretically, using spinor density-functional theory, and observed experimentally, using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and linear dichroism (XMLD) spectroscopies. The combined use of XMCD and XMLD at the Mn-absorption edge allows us to assess the existence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order at the interface, and also to determine the moment orientations with element specificity. The experimental results thus obtained are in excellent agreement with the magnetic structure determined theoretically.     

Transient magnetostriction in ferro- and ferri-magnetic materials

An acoustic impulse excited by a laser pulse generates some transient magnetostriction effects in various ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials. A crystal of small magnetic anisotropy energy gives a steady magnetoelastic oscillation which is resonant with the sample dimension. The other materials show the surface effect only. The temperature dependence is studied up to the Curie temperature. Around the phase transition point the long-wavelength fluctuation of magnetization is excited by the elastic impulse, and some critical phenomena are observed. These effects are discussed by the usual theory of magnetoelastic interaction.     

Magnetic symmetry of the plain domain walls in ferro- and ferrimagnets

Magnetic symmetry of all possible plane domain walls in ferro- and ferrimagnets is considered. Magnetic symmetry classes of non 180° (including 0°) domain walls are obtained. The domain walls degeneracy is investigated. The symmetry classification is applied for research of all possible plane domain walls in crystals of the hexoctahedral crystallographic class.     

Electric field switching of antiferromagnetic domains in YMn2O5: a probe of the multiferroic mechanism

We employ neutron spherical polarimetry to determine the nature and population of the coexisting antiferromagnetic domains in multiferroic YMn2O5. By applying an electric field, we prove that reversing the electrical polarization results in the population inversion of two types of in-plane domains, related to each other by inversion. Our results are completely consistent with the exchange-striction mechanism of ferroelectricity, and support a unified model where cycloidal ordering is induced by coupling to the main magnetic order parameter.