Synthesis and NMR Characterization of (Z,Z,Z,Z,E,E,ω)-Heptaprenol

We describe a practical, multigram synthesis of (2Z,6Z,10Z,14Z,18E,22E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27-heptamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22,26-octacosaheptaen-1-ol [(Z(4),E(2),ω)-heptaprenol, 4] using the nerol-derived sulfone 8 as the key intermediate. Sulfone 8 is prepared by the literature route and is converted in five additional steps (18% yield from 8) to (Z(4),E(2),ω)-heptaprenol 4. The use of Eu(hfc)(3) as an NMR shift reagent not only enabled confirmation of the structure and stereochemistry of 4, but further enabled the structural assignment to a major side product from a failed synthetic connection. The availability by this synthesis of (Z(4),E(2),ω)-heptaprenol 4 in gram quantities will enable preparative access to key reagents for the study of the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell envelope.     

Total Synthesis of Several 8, 8",-Biflavones

8,8"-Biflavonoidsareantw0rtantclass0fbiflavonoids.Asasystematicresearchofthe8,8"-biflav0noids,wehavepreviouslyreportedthestudyonthereactionof2'-hydroxychaloneswithl2-H2SO4-DMSOsystem.'InthispaPer,thesynthesisof5,5",7,7',-tetTameth0xy-8,8"-biflavonela2,4,4",7,7"-tetramethoxy-8,8"-biflavone1b',4',4",,5,5,',7,7"-hexamethoxy-8,8"-biflav0ne1c4and4,4"-dibenZyl0xy-5,5",7,7"-tetramothoxy-8,8"-biflavoneldisreported.ThesyntheticmethodisshownintheSchemebelow.2-Hydroxyacet0phenonescondensedwithsubsti…     

Intramolecular [8+2] cycloaddition and 10π-electron electrocyclization reactions of an 8-acylheptafulvene

Compound 8-(trans-3-ethoxycarbonylallylacetyl)heptafulvene,8, undergoes both an intramolecular [8+2] cycloaddition and a 10π-electron electrocyclization followed by 1,5-sigmatropic hydrogen shifts to give10 and₁₂, respectively.     

Superior Z→E and E→Z photoswitching dynamics of dihydrodibenzodiazocine, a bridged azobenzene, by S1(nπ*) excitation at λ = 387 and 490 nm

The ultrafast Z→E and E→Z photoisomerisation dynamics of 5,6-dihydrodibenzo[c,g][1,2]diazocine (1), the parent compound of a class of bridged azobenzene-based photochromic molecular switches with a severely constrained eight-membered heterocyclic ring as central unit, have been studied by femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy in n-hexane as solvent and by quantum chemical calculations. The diazocine contrasts with azobenzene (AB) in that its Z rather than E isomer is the energetically more stable form. Moreover, it stands out compared to AB for the spectrally well separated S(1)(nπ*) absorption bands of its two isomers. The Z isomer absorbs at around λ = 404 nm, the E form has its absorption maximum around λ = 490 nm. The observed transient spectra following S(1)(nπ*) photoexcitation show ultrafast excited-state decays with time constants τ(1) = 70 fs for the Z and <50 fs for the E isomer reflecting very fast departures of the excited wave packets from the S(1) Franck-Condon regions and τ(2) = 270 fs (320 fs) related to the Z→E (resp. E→Z) isomerisations. Slower transient absorption changes on the time scale of τ(3) = 5 ps are due to vibrational cooling of the reaction products. The results show that the unique steric constraints in the diazocine do not hinder, but accelerate the molecular isomerisation dynamics and increase the photoswitching efficiencies, contrary to chemical intuition. The observed isomerisation times and quantum yields are rationalised on the basis of CASPT2//CASSCF calculations by a S(1)/S(0) conical intersection seam at a CNNC dihedral angle of ≈96° involving twisting and torsion of the central CNNC moiety. With improved photochromism, high quantum yields, short reaction times and good photostability, diazocine 1 and its derivatives constitute outstanding candidates for photoswitchable molecular tweezers and other applications.     

Synthesis of the Analogs of Triptolide： 7, 8-Deoxytriptolide, 7 α, 8α-Epoxytriptolide and Related Ketones

Two novel analogues of triptolide were synthesized using triptolide as the starting material through reductive opening of epoxy ring, hydration and olefin epoxidation, and related ketones have also been afforded by oxidation of them with IBX or Jone‘s reagent.     

Comparison of aromatic NH···π, OH···π, and CH···π interactions of alanine using MP2, CCSD, and DFT methods

A comparison of the performance of various density functional methods including long‐range corrected and dispersion corrected methods [MPW1PW91, B3LYP, B3PW91, B97‐D, B1B95, MPWB1K, M06‐2X, SVWN5, ωB97XD, long‐range correction (LC)‐ωPBE, and CAM‐B3LYP using 6‐31+G(d,p) basis set] in the study of CH···π, OH···π, and NH···π interactions were done using weak complexes of neutral (A) and cationic (A⁺) forms of alanine with benzene by taking the Møller–Plesset (MP2)/6‐31+G(d,p) results as the reference. Further, the binding energies of the neutral alanine–benzene complexes were assessed at coupled cluster (CCSD)/6‐31G(d,p) method. Analysis of the molecular geometries and interaction energies at density functional theory (DFT), MP2, CCSD methods and CCSD(T) single point level reveal that MP2 is the best overall performer for noncovalent interactions giving accuracy close to CCSD method. MPWB1K fared better in interaction energy calculations than other DFT methods. In the case of M06‐2X, SVWN5, and the dispersion corrected B97‐D, the interaction energies are significantly overrated for neutral systems compared to other methods. However, for cationic systems, B97‐D yields structures and interaction energies similar to MP2 and MPWB1K methods. Among the long‐range corrected methods, LC‐ωPBE and CAM‐B3LYP methods show close agreement with MP2 values while ωB97XD energies are notably higher than MP2 values. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010     

Structure and stability of AuXe n Z (n = 1–3, Z = −1, 0, +1) clusters

We have explored the structures and stabilities of AuXe _n ^Z (n = 1–3, Z = ?1, 0, +1) cluster series at CCSD(T) theoretical level. The electron affinities and ionization potentials are correlated to the HOMO–LUMO gaps. The role of the interaction was investigated using the natural bond orbital analysis.     

Role of p(Z)-π(Ar/Nap) conjugation in structures of 1-(arylchalcogena)naphthalenes for Z = Te versus Se, S and O: experimental and theoretical investigations

Magnitudes of the p(Z)-π(Ar/Nap) conjugation were evaluated for 1-(arylchalcogena)naphthalenes (1-(ArZ)Nap, 1-(p-YC(6)H(4)Z)C(10)H(7); 1 (Z = Te), 2 (Se), 3 (S) and 4 (O)). Structures of 1 were determined by X-ray analysis for Y = NMe(2) (b), OMe (c) and CN (i). For 1b and 1c that have electron donating Y, the Z-C(Ar) bond is located on the naphthyl plane with Z-C(Nap) being perpendicular to the aryl plane, which we define as (B: pd). On the other hand, the structure of 1i with electron donating Y is (A: pl), of which Z-C(Ar) is placed almost perpendicular to the naphthyl plane with Z-C(Nap) being located on the aryl plane. Each structure of 1a (Y = H), 1b, 1c, 1d (Me), 1e (F), 1f (Cl), 1g (Br), 1h (COOEt), 1i and 1j (NO(2)) was determined by NMR in chloroform-d. Structures of 1 in the solutions are (B: pd) for b, c and e that have electron donating Y, (A: pl) for f-j with electron accepting Y, and in equilibrium between (B: pd) and (A: pl) for a and d of which Y are rather neutral. The results for 2-4 are very similar to those of 1 in solutions. Quantum chemical calculations were performed on 1-4 with Y of a, b' (NH(2)), d, f and j. Magnitudes of the p(Z)-π(Ar/Nap) conjugation were well-evaluated by NBO (natural bond orbital) analysis. The values were 12.6 and 13.0 kcal mol(-1) for the typical forms of (A: pl) and (B: pd) of 1a, respectively, resulting in a much smaller energy difference between the two (0.4 kcal mol(-1)), which should correspond to the observed result. It is well-demonstrated that the p(Te)-π(Ar/Nap) conjugation operates effectively in 1, although the magnitudes increase in the order of Z = Te < Se < S < O. Thermal effect of the Gibbs free energies is shown to play an important role in the energy profiles of 1a-4a.     

[6π+2π]-Cycloaddition of α,ω-Diallenes and α,ω-Diacetylenes to 1,3,5-Cycloheptatriene in the Presence of TiCl4-Et2AlCl

[6π+2π]-Cycloaddition of α,ω-diallenes and α,ω-bis(trimethylsilyl)diacetylenes to 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene in the presence of a two-component catalytic system TiCl₄-Et₂AlCl was performed that led to the formation of bis(endo-bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dienes) and bis(8-trimethylsilyl-endo-bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4,7-trienes) linked by polymethylene spacer in 69–86% yields.     

The design,synthesis, and characterization of D-π-A-π-A type organic dyes as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)

New D-π-A-π-A type organic dyes were synthesized and characterized as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These dyes showed wide absorption spectra (300–625 nm) and high molar extinction coefficients (ε_467 nm = 60,911 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹). As dye sensitizers in DSSC, the D-π-A-π-A dye having a cyanoacrylic acid as an acceptor gave the best cell performance with a short-circuit photocurrent density (J_sc) of 7.14 mA/cm², an open-circuit voltage (V_oc) of 0.62 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.72, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency η of 3.19%.     

(9Z,12Z,15Z)-十八碳三烯醛的GC-MS分析

（9Z，12Z，15Z）－十八碳三烯醛是美国白蛾信息素的主要成效成分之一，在其合成的过程中，采用气相色谱监测分离提纯效果；提纯的样品成分在化学方法、IR、^1H NMR波谱分析基础上用气相色谱－质谱鉴定为该化合物，并用气相色谱的面积归一化法测得其含量大于99％；该法简单、准确可靠、无需标样。     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Photoluminescence Properties of One Novel D-π-D Type a-Cyanostilbene Derivative

Researches on a-cyanostilbene derivatives demonstrated them to be promising AIE or AIEE structural molecules and potential photoelectric materials. One novel a-cyanostilbene derivative, namely （E）-2-（4-butoxyphenyl）-3-（4-（diethylamino）phenyl）acrylonitrile （BPDPA）, has been designed, synthesized and characterized. The crystalline structure of BPDPA has been studied in detail. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed BPDPA crystallizes in triclinic space group Pi, with a = 12.860（5）, b = 13.327（5）, c = 15.016（5）А, a = 72.650（5）, β = 66.969（5）, Y = 62.897（5）°, Mr = 696.95, V= 2085.6（13） A3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.110 g/cm-3, p = 0.068 mm1, F（000） = 752, Rint = 0.0264, R（I〉 2σ（/）） = 0.0649, wR（l〉 2σ（/） = 0.1724, R（all data） = 0.1321, wR （all data） = 0.2158, completeness to theta = 25.00 is 99.4% and GOF = 1.067. Like most reported a-cyanostilbene derivatives, BPDPA possesses a somewhat twisted molecular structure. UV-Vis and FL measurements showed an obviously bathochromic effect of BPDPA with increasing the polarity of the solvents.     

Autoionization of CO after C 1s→ Zπ* excitation: a comparison with photoemission and auger decay

We have calculated the entire autoionization spectrum of CO following core-to-bound, i.e. C 1s→2π excitation, within a Green's function formalism. Approximate autoionization transition intensities can be related to the Hamiltonian matrix elements. Initialstate screening is important for obtaining realistic autoionization probabilities. For the low-lying ion states there is a one-to-one correspondence between the photoelectron and the autoionization spectrum. The connection between autoionization and Auger decay is discussed.     

Syntheses,crystal structures and properties of two novel imino-π-extended TTF derivatives

Two novel conjugated imino-π-extended tetrathiafulvalenes with p-iminobenzene, N,N′-bis(4,5-bis(methylthio)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine (1) and N,N′-bis(4,5-bis(ethylenedithio)-1,3-dithiolo-2-ylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine (2), have been synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR, MS and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Both the two targets adopt chair-like conformation, and the central rings of p-iminobenzene moieties of the two molecules are severely twisted from the planarity of two dithiole rings, respectively. The UV–vis spectra of 1 and 2 show the lowest-energy absorption bands caused by the HOMO–LUMO one-electron promotion. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements show only one, two-electron irreversible oxidation picks. These experimentally estimated energy levels of the frontier orbital of 1 and 2 (E_HOMO 1: = ?5.45, 2: ?5.47 eV) are in good agreement with those obtained from DFT calculations (E_HOMO 1: = ?5.5, 2: = ?5.3 eV). The high HOMO–LUMO gaps of 1 (4.05 eV) and 2 (4.00 eV) indicate high kinetic stability of the title compounds.     

Structures and Aromaticity of Planar XY2Z （X = Li,K, Y - P,As and Z = C,Si, Ge） Clusters

Clusters XY2Z species are theoretically investigated with density functional theory （DFT） method. The results show that for LiP2C, LiAs2Ge and KAs2C species, the C2v isomer is the most stable planar structure, while for other species the Cs isomer is the most stable planar structure at the B3LYP/6-311＋G＊ level. Wiberg Bond Index （WBI） and Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shift （NICS） values indicate the existence of delocalization in stable planar structures. A detailed Molecular Orbital （MO） analysis further reveals that planar isomers of these species have strong aromatic character, which strengthens the structural stability and makes them closely connect with the concept of aromaticity.     

Design,synthesis and photoelectrical properties of diphenylamine-containing triphenylamine-based D-D-π-A-type fluorescence dyes

Available online A series of diphenylamine (DPA)-containing triarylamine-based D-D-π-A organic fluorescence dyes were designed under the guidance of theoretical calculations and then synthesized (cyanoacrylic acid, methylene malononitrile or isophorone served as the electron acceptor while ethylene served as the π-bridge). The results of theoretical calculations, electrochemical properties and optical properties tests indicated that the new dyes possessed high thermal stability, desirable HOMO levels and intramolecular charge transfer property. Some of them possessed high fluorescence quantum yields and performed very well as luminescent material as expected..