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本文提出一种新型高分子多孔小球固定相,它具有比商品的尤其是苯乙烯系高分子多孔小球更加优越的色谱性能,特别适合于各种有机物和无机气体中微量至常量水的分析,同时还是测定大量水中微量有机物的一种较为理想的固定相。 相似文献
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聚乙烯醇 (PVA)是一种水溶性高分子 ,它在一定条件下可以部分结晶形成水凝胶 ,其结晶度必然影响其机械性能及水在水凝胶中的状态 .部分结晶交联所得的PVA水凝胶 ,由于无毒、机械性能好常用来作为生物医用材料 ,如接触眼镜、人工关节润滑软骨等[1,2 ] .水凝胶是轻度交联的高分子网络 ,其内含有大量的水 ,高分子交联网络与水之间的相互作用决定着水凝胶的物理性质和化学性质[3 ,4 ] .一般认为 ,水凝胶中的水以三种状态存在 ,即键合水 (Boundwater)、自由水 (Freewater)和间隙水 (Interstitialwater… 相似文献
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高吸水性树脂的吸水机理 总被引:57,自引:0,他引:57
高吸水性树脂是三度空间网络聚合物,是高分子电介质。在高分子网络链上嵌有可电离的离子对,遇水形成离子网络。该树脂能吸收自身重量几百倍至几千倍的水,且保水性好,即使在压力下,水也不从中溢出。其吸水机理可用Flory-Huggins热力学公式来解释。 相似文献
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高分子水凝胶是一类在医学、制药、软骨组织工程、人工肌肉、仿生制动器和吸附剂等领域具有广泛应用前景的高分子材料,但是由于高分子水凝胶的机械强度较低,很大程度上限制了其应用。近年来,高分子增强水凝胶受到许多国内外科学家的广泛关注。研究证明,增强后的高分子水凝胶具有抗溶胀性、较强的韧性、超高机械强度的特点,具有显著的应用价值。本文介绍了高分子水凝胶的概念、高分子水凝胶增强的机理,并详细归纳了高分子增强水凝胶的制备策略,主要包括浸泡在电解质溶液中制备水凝胶、纳米复合水凝胶、多网络水凝胶,总结了最新的研究进展。最后,基于目前高分子水凝胶存在的一些问题(如部分水凝胶生物相容性差、水凝胶在人体内无法降解、导电性差等),对未来高分子增强水凝胶发展以及可用于扩大天然材料应用领域、生物领域、环境修复领域做出了展望。 相似文献
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合成水凝胶是由水溶性单体聚合得到的轻度交联的高分子柔顺链网络 .高分子交联网络与水之间的相互作用决定着水凝胶的物理化学性质[1,2 ] .水凝胶常应用于生物医学材料和生物传感器等方面 .如接触眼镜的材料就常用甲基丙烯酸 -β-羟乙酯和聚乙烯醇 (PVA)为主要成分的水凝胶 ,所以对其摩擦性质的研究会丰富对生物医用材料的认识 .关于水凝胶的摩擦性质的研究 ,除 Osada等[3] 研究了聚乙烯醇及一些天然水凝胶在几牛顿到几十牛顿的负载下的摩擦行为外 ,尚少报道 .PVA水凝胶的结晶度对其性能影响甚大 ,但他们没有涉及结晶度与 PVA水凝胶的摩… 相似文献
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高分子复合物固定化纤维素酶的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
<正> 固定化酶是将水溶性的酶用物理或化学方法处理,使之变成不溶于水的仍具有酶活性的酶衍生物。在催化反应中,它以固相状态作用于底物。固定化酶不但仍然具有酶的高度专一性及温和条件下高效率催化的特点,还可反复使用。这样,酶经固定后,稳定性有较大增加,可贮藏较长时间。 用高分子复合物固定生物酶是固定化酶的一个新的尝试。两种不同的高分子链通过氢键力、库伦力、范德华力、疏水键力等所谓次价键而聚集成高分子复合物。高分子复合物具有一些特殊功能,如优良的质量传递性能、对水、电解质的灵敏介电特性,对氧和水 相似文献
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自掺杂导电高分子材料均溶于水,其水溶液容易在各种基质上浇注成膜,且加工方便,因而引起了人们的极大兴趣,然而有关其理论研究尚未见报道。 聚3-甲基-4-羧酸吡咯(PMPC)是水溶性自掺杂导电高分子材料中的一种,它可由3-甲基 相似文献
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The microcapsules containing water were prepared with the suspension polymerization method, and the fundamental investigation was performed to make the effect of microencapsulated water on expansion behavior of microcapsules clear. In the experiment, only the volume of water added into styrene monomer was changed to make the effect of microencapsulated water volume clear, and three kinds of water contents were measured: namely, the initial water content for the microcapsules just after preparation, the middle water content for the microcapsules dried at 44°C for 24 hours, and the final water content for the microcapsules dried at 110°C for 1 hours. With increasing the added water volume, the initial water content increased; the middle water content decreased after increasing halfway through, and the final water content gradually decreased. Also, with increasing the added water volume, the drying rate of the microcapsules increased and the expansion ratio decreased. The water volume required to expand the microcapsules, in other words, the critical shell thickness required to prevent evaporation of water and to contribute to expansion of microcapsules is discussed. 相似文献
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The phase transition behavior of 1,2-di-n-heptadecanoyl phosphatidylcholme (DHPC)with and without water has been studied by use of differential scanning calorimetry It was found by experiment that the glass transition occurred at first during the first heating of a sample of DHPC without water and then the sample underwent melting as an ordinary crystal.Therefore the sample of DHPC without water was a glassy crystal However,the DHPC sample crystallizing from melt was an ordinary crystal From the relationship between the total melting enthalpy Qf of freezable water and the water content h,it was concluded that the water contained in the DHPC samples might exist in three states recognizable thermodynamically.The water in the first state was an unfreezable water It was the water bound directly with the head groups of the phospholipid,i.e.the primary hydration water Every head group might bind seven such molecules of water.The water in the second state was the secondary hydration water,us melt ing point was 相似文献
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Water swelling rubber (WSR) was prepared by reaction blending SBR andsodium polyacrylate (PAANa). The existing states of water in the WSR was studied bymeans of DSC and TG. It was found that water exists in three states: nonfreezing water,bound freezable water and free water. The relationships between water states and structureof PAANa were investigated. The results showed that the amount of non-freezing waterwas related to total water content, and the ratio of non-freezing water versus -COONagroups on PAANa (mol/mol) was about 4. However, total water content slightly affectedthe content of bound freezable water and remarkably affected the amount of free waer. 相似文献
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The states of water in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/isooctane/water reverse(W/O) microemulsions system have been investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) technique. The broad peak obtained for hydroxy(O-H) of water has been resolved by least square curve-fitting. It has been observed that the water solubilized in microemul-sion droplets has four states, i.e. bound water with sulfo-group, free water, bound water with sodium counterion in the water pool of microemulsion droplets and a small amount of trapped water in the palisade layer of microemulsion droplets. The following have also been determined: the aggregation number (n), the radius of the water pool in the microemulsions(rw), the thickness of the bound water with sulfo-group(d1), the thickness of the bound water with sodium counterion(d2), the total thickness of the bound water (d) and the effective area of head groups of AOT(AAOT). 相似文献
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三维壳聚糖材料中水的状态与其性能的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用原位沉析法制备了具有层状结构的高强度三维壳聚糖(chitosan,CS)材料,由于CS分子结构中存在大量的亲水基团,容易吸附水分子.通过热分析(TGA,DSC)测试发现吸水后的CS材料中的水分是以3种不同的状态存在,结合水、中间态水和自由水.结合力学性能的方法分析不同状态的水对材料性能的影响.结果表明,结合水和CS以氢键紧密结合,有较好的热稳定性,对材料的力学性能有增强作用;CS棒材在环境中吸附的中间态水相当于一种增塑剂,随着水含量的增加,材料力学性能的下降符合Fermi经验公式;中间态水达到饱和之后,自由水开始出现,自由水和CS之间的作用力很弱,温度较低时会结晶成冰.自由水的渗透与中间态水比对材料的力学性能没有明显的影响. 相似文献
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Molecular Structure and Dynamics of Water at the Water–Air Interface Studied with Surface‐Specific Vibrational Spectroscopy
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Mischa Bonn Yuki Nagata Ellen H. G. Backus 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(19):5560-5576
Water interfaces provide the platform for many important biological, chemical, and physical processes. The water–air interface is the most common and simple aqueous interface and serves as a model system for water at a hydrophobic surface. Unveiling the microscopic (<1 nm) structure and dynamics of interfacial water at the water–vapor interface is essential for understanding the processes occurring on the water surface. At the water interface the network of very strong intermolecular interactions, hydrogen‐bonds, is interrupted and the density of water is reduced. A central question regarding water at interfaces is the extent to which the structure and dynamics of water molecules are influenced by the interruption of the hydrogen‐bonded network and thus differ from those of bulk water. Herein, we discuss recent advances in the study of interfacial water at the water–air interface using laser‐based surface‐specific vibrational spectroscopy. 相似文献
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水在固体表面或在毛细孔玻璃中的性质,一直是人们感兴趣的问题。而靠近固体表面的水,其性质不同于体相(Bulk)水,也是为人所知的事实。已经知道,邻近水的热容、密度、粘度、电导及结构等都不同于体相水。但邻近水的厚度究竟为多少,或者说,这种固体表面对水的性质影响究竟是长程的还是短程的,目前还没有统一的结论。用压汞法测量多孔物质的孔体积,是人们已熟知的方法,但还没有人将其用于测量液体在毛细孔中的体积、密度等行为。我们尝试了用压汞法,测量具有确定孔径的毛细孔玻璃(CPG),在吸附了不同量水后孔体积的变化,进而计算了不同吸附层的水在CPG中的体积、密度。此外还测定了载有不同量正癸烷后,CPG孔体积的变化。 相似文献
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Yoko Akiyama Yuji Shibahara Shin‐ichi Takeda Yoshinobu Izumi Yoshihide Honda Seiichi Tagawa Shigehiro Nishijima 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(15):2031-2037
The change in the nanoscopic structure and bound state of water in the protein gel were investigated using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Gelatin was used as a protein. To examine the bound state of water in gelatin gel, the amount of freezing and nonfreezing water in gelatin gels were evaluated by fusion enthalpy of DSC curves. Below water content of 40% (w/w), the whole amount of water was nonfreezing water, whereas above water content of 40% (w/w), the amount of freezing water increased according to increase in water content. To investigate the nanoscopic spatial structure under coexistence of polymer and water, positron annihilation lifetime measurement was performed. The lifetime of o‐Ps or the pore size increased according to increase in water content, particularly below the water content of 40% (w/w). When the water penetrates into the gelatin network, the water molecules form hydrogen bonds with hydrophilic groups inside the helical structure in gelatin gel. The water molecules inside the helical structure expand the structure outward, leading to increase in pore size. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2031–2037, 2007. 相似文献
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《Journal of computational chemistry》2018,39(12):721-734
New Lennard‐Jones parameters have been developed to describe the interactions between atomistic model of graphene, represented by REBO potential, and five commonly used all‐atom water models, namely SPC, SPC/E, SPC/Fw, SPC/Fd, and TIP3P/Fs by employing particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. These new parameters were optimized to reproduce the macroscopic contact angle of water on a graphene sheet. The calculated line tension was in the order of 10−11 J/m for the droplets of all water models. Our molecular dynamics simulations indicate the preferential orientation of water molecules near graphene–water interface with one O H bond pointing toward the graphene surface. Detailed analysis of simulation trajectories reveals the presence of water molecules with ≤∼1, ∼2, and ∼4 hydrogen bonds at the surface of air–water interface, graphene–water interface, and bulk region of the water droplet, respectively. Presence of water molecules with ≤∼1 and ∼2 hydrogen bonds suggest the existence of water clusters of different sizes at these interfaces. The trends observed in the libration, bending, and stretching bands of the vibrational spectra are closely associated with these structural features of water. The inhomogeneity in hydrogen bond network of water at the air–water and graphene–water interface is manifested by broadening of the peaks in the libration band for water present at these interfaces. The stretching band for the molecules in water droplet shows a blue shift as compared to the pure bulk water, which conjecture the presence of weaker hydrogen bond network in a droplet. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献