长周期光纤光栅折射率传感器的结构优化

为了提高长周期光纤光栅对环境介质折射率的传感灵敏度,提出一种长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径的结构优化.基于长周期光纤光栅的耦合模理论,分析了长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径的大小分别与环境介质折射率传感灵敏度的关系,讨论了长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径对折射率传感的影响以及控制光栅周期与包层半径对折射率传感的重要性.为使优化的长周期光纤光栅具有实用性,谐振波长设计在1.55 μm的常规波长范围,经过多次摸拟实验,提出最佳优化参量为：Λ=380 μm,rcl=17 μm,对环境介质折射率从1.26~1.38不同值的实验测试,折射率传感灵敏度达到0.000 12,长周期光纤光栅的结构优化获得理想的预期效果.     

长周期光纤光栅折射率传感器的结构优化

为了提高长周期光纤光栅对环境介质折射率的传感灵敏度,提出一种长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径的结构优化.基于长周期光纤光栅的耦合模理论,分析了长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径的大小分别与环境介质折射率传感灵敏度的关系,讨论了长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径对折射率传感的影响以及控制光栅周期与包层半径对折射率传感的重要性.为使...     

基于近PMTP区域双峰谐振效应的长周期光纤光栅应变传感理论分析

利用长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)的双峰谐振效应,结合LPFG传感器工作于近相位匹配转折点(PMTP)附近的高灵敏度,提出了一种新型的长周期光纤光栅应变传感器的设计方法。利用LPFG相位匹配条件,分析了长周期光纤光栅近PMTP附近的双峰谐振特性、应变传感特性,发现双峰波长间距对微小应变具有很高的响应度和线性度。进一步讨论了光栅结构参数和包层直径对双峰LPFG应变灵敏度的影响,发现光栅周期对该传感器的应变灵敏度、线性度和应变测量范围具有很大的影响;光栅长度对谐振峰高度和宽度有较大影响,直接关系到传感器寻峰精度;通过增大包层直径,可以进一步增大应变灵敏度。结果表明,通过选取适合的光栅结构参量和包层半径,该传感器应变灵敏度可比一般长周期光纤光栅应变传感器的应变灵敏度提高2个数量级。这为设计高应变灵敏度双峰谐振LPFG应变传感器提供了结构优化的理论支持。     

长周期光纤光栅气敏薄膜传感器结构优化

基于三包层长周期光纤光栅模型,研究了包层表面涂覆一层溶胶凝胶气敏薄膜的长周期光纤光栅化学传感器的灵敏度Sn与薄膜光学参量(折射率n3和厚度h3)和光纤光栅结构参量(光栅周期、折变量和光栅长度)之间的关系。采用最优化数值方法,找到了获得高灵敏度所需的最佳膜层光学参量和光栅结构参量。理论计算表明,该类型传感器对膜层折射率的测量分辨率高达10-8。实验上制作了对乙醇气体敏感的传感器,并证实了传感器结构优化的必要性。     

表面镀层长周期光纤光栅双峰谐振及其透射谱研究

采用严格的耦合模理论,通过求解表面镀层长周期光纤光栅的特征方程,给出了双峰谐振波长的确定方法,以及它与光栅周期和模式序数之间的关系。结果表明,对应于较高次的包层模式,存在双峰谐振现象,且包层模式序数越高,与芯模产生谐振耦合所需的光栅周期越小。进一步讨论了双峰谐振波长的间距随薄膜参量与光栅参量变化的关系,描绘了这些参量对透射谱衰减谐振峰的影响,理论分析结果与X.W.Shu的无镀层长周期光纤光栅实验结果一致。这些研究为建立高灵敏的双峰谐振薄膜传感器提供了结构优化的理论支持。     

微纳尺度光纤布拉格光栅折射率传感的理论研究

亚波长直径微纳光纤强倏逝场传输的光学特性,使其对周围介质折射率的变化具有极高的灵敏度.本文提出一种基于微纳尺度光纤布拉格光栅(MNFBG)的折射率传感器,结合微纳光纤倏逝场传输和光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)强波长选择的特性来实现高精度折射率传感,对其制备可行性进行了讨论.论文中对MNFBG折射率传感机理进行了深入的理论分析,并使用OptiGrating软件进行了数值模拟,模拟数据显示MNFBG折射率测量的灵敏度随着光纤半径的减小而增加,其中光纤半径为400 nm的MNFBG灵敏度可达到993 nm/RIU,相比于包层蚀刻的FBG灵敏度增加了170倍,说明MNFBG对发展微型化、高灵敏度折射率传感器具有良好的应用前景. 关键词： 微纳光纤 光纤布拉格光栅 折射率传感     

长周期光纤光栅传感器温度和应变灵敏度分析

从耦合模理论出发,分析了长周期光纤光栅的温度和应变灵敏度.结果表明,长周期光纤光栅的温度和应变灵敏度不仅与光栅周期和纤芯参数有关,还强烈依赖于包层参数.通过选择适当的参数,可以制成对温度(或应变)不敏感的应变(或温度)长周期光纤光栅传感器,从而可以解决光纤光栅传感器的温度和应变交叉敏感问题.同时,利用基模与不同包层模耦合时温度和应变灵敏度的不同,可以用一根长周期光纤光栅传感器同时测量温度和应变.     

单入射波长及纤芯存在光致双折射的长周期光纤光栅的折射率传感分析

利用全矢量耦合模方程提出并分析了一种基于纤芯存在光致双折射的长周期光纤光栅的环境折射率传感测量方法.以波长为谐振波长的完全偏振光为入射波,通过分析不同环境折射率下输出光的偏振态在邦加球上与参考点间球面距离的变化测量环境折射率.分析表明,在环境折射率1～1.30范围内包层半径为20.75 μm的长周期光纤光栅传感器线性特性良好,灵敏度为0.356/RIU,可应用于湿度和气体的折射率测量;该分析方法适用于其他类型的双折射长周期光纤光栅传感器的设计.     

用双周期光纤光栅实现温度和应变的同时测量

介绍了光纤光栅传感器的一般原理，分析了长周期光纤光栅和Bragg光纤光栅的应变和温度响应机理。结果表明，长周期光纤光栅和Bragg光纤光栅的温度和应变灵敏度不仅与纤芯参数和光栅周期有关，还依赖于包层参数。在同一根光纤上先后写入长周期光纤光栅、Bragg光纤光栅，利用长周期光纤光栅和Bragg光纤光栅基模与包层模耦合时温度和应变灵敏度的不同，实现应变和温度的同时测量。     

基于模式转换及双峰谐振效应的薄包层镀膜长周期光纤光栅特性研究

基于耦合模理论,首先研究了镀膜长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)高阶包层模的模式转换,划分了高阶包层模的非模式转换区及模式转换区。分析了高阶包层模有效折射率随薄膜厚度增加的响应特性,包层模谐振波长在模式转换区的偏移量要大于非模式转换区。在此基础上,研究了不同包层半径下高阶包层模谐振波长随光栅周期的变化情况,结果表明,相同包层半径下模式转换区内双峰间距的偏移量大于非模式转换区;无论在模式转换区还是非模式转换区,包层半径的减小将增加双峰间距的偏移量。最后分析了不同包层半径下的高阶包层模双峰透射谱在模式转换区及非模式转换区内的折射率响应,进而提出了薄包层镀膜LPFG的优化设计方案,当选定敏感膜层厚度及折射率处于镀膜LPFG的模式转换区内,光栅周期靠近相位匹配转折点时,将得到灵敏度高于传统LPFG双峰传感器的镀膜LPFG折射率型双峰传感器;而减小包层半径,将进一步提高传感器的分辨本领。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.