倾斜相移闭合干涉图的非迭代相位提取方法

针对带倾斜相移误差的闭合干涉图,提出一种非迭代的高精度相位提取方法.该方法用傅里叶变换估计闭合条纹的相位,并用图像分割校正相位的符号,然后利用Zernike多项式拟合确定倾斜相移量,最后用最小二乘拟舍得到高精度相位.数值模拟结果表明:该方法的相位提取误差随着干涉图中条纹根数的增多而减小;当干涉图中条纹根数为4.5时,倾斜相移的估计误差为0.37％.实验结果表明该方法的残余误差均方根值为0.121 7rad.该方法精度高,且无需迭代计算,可应用于相移干涉测量.     

倾斜相移闭合干涉图的非迭代相位提取方法（英文）

针对带倾斜相移误差的闭合干涉图,提出一种非迭代的高精度相位提取方法.该方法用傅里叶变换估计闭合条纹的相位,并用图像分割校正相位的符号,然后利用Zernike多项式拟合确定倾斜相移量,最后用最小二乘拟合得到高精度相位.数值模拟结果表明:该方法的相位提取误差随着干涉图中条纹根数的增多而减小;当干涉图中条纹根数为4.5时,倾斜相移的估计误差为0.37%.实验结果表明该方法的残余误差均方根值为0.121 7rad.该方法精度高,且无需迭代计算,可应用于相移干涉测量.     

基于主元分析的随机相移算法

将统计理论中的主元分析应用到干涉条纹分析中,提出一种基于主元分析的随机相移算法。该算法先将多帧条纹数据分解成不相关的主元成分,然后从主元成分中提取2维相位信息。数值模拟结果表明:该算法不需要迭代运算就能从4帧完全随机相移干涉图中有效提取相位信息,运算时间少,精度高。实验结果表明主元分析相移算法比现有迭代相移算法更适合于随机相移干涉图分析。     

任意相移阴影叠栅相位解调技术的研究

结合时域和频域干涉图分析方法,提出一种任意相移阴影叠栅条纹图相位解调技术,降低了干涉图在采样过程中对相移量的严格标定要求,补偿了相移阴影叠栅技术固有的相移不匀误差。使用空域技术确定采样干涉图的正交信号,进而得到了采样干涉图的相移量,然后运用任意相移相位提取算法搜索测量相位信息。实验证明此方法简单方便、求解迅速,且优于典型的相移算法,其测量误差的标准差不超过3×10-3 mm,该方法为提高相移阴影叠栅技术的测量精度提供了有效手段。     

波长调谐干涉测量的相移标定方法

基于菲索干涉的变频相移技术,提出一种分步相移标定方法.生成n组t步相移干涉图,每步相移为π/2;将每步的n组干涉图分别与初始干涉图做相乘和傅里叶变换运算,在此基础上构建每步相移的误差函数;通过求取误差函数极值点来实现对每步相移值的准确标定.结果表明,该标定方法的标定准确度优于传统标定方法,且标定准确度提高了2~3个数量级.该方法不仅避免了传统相移标定中存在的随机误差,也彻底消除了累积误差.     

相移干涉计量中相移器的同光路自动标定

基于相移干涉计量的基本原理，提出用相移ＥＳＰＩ光场的空间平均方法计算相位，不仅可实现相移干涉计量中相移器的同光路自动标定，而且还可以得到测量光场及所用相移器的计量特性．最后，将该标定方法所得相位值与等间距条纹相位标定值进行了比较，得到两者相对误差在可用电压区域内小于３％．     

相移阴影莫尔条纹正交化解调技术

提出一种基于克莱姆正则化分析法的三帧自标定相移阴影莫尔三维轮廓技术.该技术首先采用移动光栅的方法获得相移条纹图,然后通过不同帧相移条纹图相减去除条纹图背景,进而结合克莱姆正交化法和最小二乘法,发展了一种相位解调方法,提取了测量相位.以五步Harlharan算法为参考,用不同算法对同一物体表面进行测量.结果表明,相对于典型的三步相移法和主量分析方法,提出的方法测量得到的相位误差最小(0.5rad),且简化了测量过程.     

基于迭代优化的两帧随机相移干涉术

提出了一种由粗及精的无需预滤波的两帧先进迭代随机相移技术。基于最小化残差背景，首先利用采集条纹图的相关运算，在近似正交条件下估计相移和相位；然后利用这些求解过程中的中间参数在空域由条纹图数据估计相移和背景；最后，迭代上述过程直至收敛到预定义的精度，从而实现相位的精确求解。针对条纹图空域背景和振幅变化问题，利用条纹图子图降低背景空域变化对背景和相移估计的影响，并减小运算量。与现有的方法相比，本文方法由于提供了正确的初值，具有收敛快、计算快的特点。本文方法简单可靠，是一种实用的两帧相移干涉方法。     

基于白光干涉测试技术的改进Carré相移算法

为了减小白光相移干涉法测量物体微观形貌时产生的误差,对极值法的搜索路径进行优化后与Carré相移算法相结合,提出一种基于白光干涉测试技术的改进Carré相移算法.该算法减小了光源扰动及电荷耦合元件散粒噪声带来的影响,且对相移器的线性误差不敏感,免去了相位解包裹过程,提高了运算效率.采用单刻线样块对扫描步距进行校准实现了光源中心波长的在线修正,减小了由于光源特性及环境扰动误差带来的影响.采用不同算法对标准粗糙度样块进行三维形貌恢复以及表面粗糙度的重复性测量实验,结果表明:该算法对表面粗糙度的测量结果较传统白光干涉算法准确度提高,测量重复性优于1%.     

基于一阶泰勒展开式的迭代最小二乘相移新算法

提出了一种新的最小二乘迭代算法 ,能有效消除因相移器存在导向误差面使相移平面倾斜从而导致的相移误差。当相移器存在的相移误差包括位移误差与倾斜误差时 ,同一幅干涉图诸像素点的相移并不同步 ,但其相移量在同一平面上。求解此平面 ,即可消除相移误差。通过求解由一阶泰勒展开式得到的线性方程组 ,避免了为求解此平面而求解非线性方程组最小二乘解的过程 ,使算法简化。利用迭代法 ,保证求解的精度。并通过数值模拟 ,验证了这种算法在消除较大的相移器倾斜及位移误差影响上具有良好的效果。     

现代仪器在胆结石研究中的运用

对胆结石组分和元素进行准确的分析可为治疗胆结石和预防其复发提供重要的参考。文章综述了现代仪器在胆结石研究中运用的研究进展,这些技术包括拉曼光谱、能谱(EDX)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)及其二阶导数谱、热重分析(TG)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、原子吸收光谱、电感耦合等离子发射光谱、高效液相色谱(HPLC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等。     

光机系统分析方法

为了使光学仪器能在恶劣的环境下正常工作，需要对其进行详尽的工程分析。对光机系统的分析方法，包括传统分析方法、集成分析方法和统一分析方法进行了研究，说明了它们的工作原理及实现的具体步骤，分别列举了它们的优缺点。进一步指出在集成分析中热弹性分析需要解决的问题及Zernike多项式拟合中需要注意的问题，归纳了使用统一分析方法时需要特别注意的问题。在比较了3种方法优缺点的基础上，对光机分析方法进行了展望，得出集成分析方法在很长一段时间内将是光机系统分析的主要方法的结论。     

Power law classification scheme of time series correlations. On the example of G20 group

A power law classification scheme (PLCS) of time series correlations is proposed. It is shown that PLCS provides the ability to classify nonlinear correlations and measure their stability. PLCS has been applied to gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of G20 members and their correlations analysed. It has been shown that the method does not only recognise linear correlations properly, but also allows to point out converging time series as well as to distinguish nonlinear correlations. PLCS is capable of crash recognition as it is shown in the Argentina example. Finally the strength of correlations and the stability of correlation matrices have been used to construct a minimum spanning tree (MST). The results were compared with those based on the ultrametric distance (UD). Comparing the structures of MST, UD and PLCS indicates that the latter one is more complicated, but better fits the expected economic relations within the G20.     

基于无机元素的含量判别食醋的种类和品牌方法研究

化学计量学广泛应用于食品种类和原产地的区分。文章采用原子吸收法测定了32个食醋样品中的Mg, K, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca和Cu等八种无机元素含量。采用向量相似法计算了陈醋和白醋以及同一种类不同品牌食醋的相似度;通过聚类分析和主成分分析对来自北京、江西、江苏和山西4个地区品牌的食醋进行了分类,对不同种类的食醋(陈醋和白醋)也进行了分类。聚类分析和主成分分析都将食醋样品分为两大类,每个大类又将食醋样品按不同品牌分开。食醋中无机元素含量差异可作为食醋种类和品牌判别的测量指标之一。     

Recasting the (Synchrosqueezed) Short-Time Fourier Transform as an Instantaneous Spectrum

In a previous work, we proposed a time-frequency analysis called instantaneous spectral analysis (ISA), which generalizes the notion of the Fourier spectrum and in which instantaneous frequency is utilized to the fullest extent. In this paper, we recast both the Fourier transform (FT) and filterbank (FB) interpretations of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) as instantaneous spectra. We show that to recast the FB interpretation of STFT as an instantaneous spectrum with valid structure, frequency reassignment is a fundamental necessity, thus demonstrating that this IS is closely related to the synchrosqueezed STFT. This result provides a new theoretical motivation for the synchrosqueezed STFT. Finally, we illustrate through example the instantaneous spectra corresponding to the FT and FB interpretations of STFT using two closed-form examples.     

Recent Applications of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry in Herbal Medicine Analysis

Abstract

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a fast and nondestructive analytical method. Associated with chemometrics, it is a powerful tool for the pharmaceutical industry. It is becoming a suitable technique for analysis of herbal medicine. This review focuses on the recent developments and updates for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of herbal medicine using FTIR. Moreover, it can be implemented during herbal drug development, in production for process monitoring, or in quality control laboratories.     

Fractional diffusion and reflective boundary condition

Scaling analysis of the magnitude series (volatile series) has been proposed recently to identify possible non-linear/multifractal signatures in the given data [Y. Ashkenazy, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 1900; Y. Ashkenazy, et al. Physica A 323 (2003) 19; T. Kalisky, Y. Ashkenazy, S. Havlin. Phys. Rev. E 72 (2005) 011913]. In this article, correlations of volatile series generated from stationary first-order linear feedback process with Gaussian and non-Gaussian innovations are investigated. While volatile correlations corresponding to Gaussian innovations exhibited uncorrelated behavior across all time scales, those of non-Gaussian innovations showed significant deviation from uncorrelated behavior even at large time scales. The results presented raise the intriguing question whether non-Gaussian innovations can be sufficient to realize long-range volatile correlations.     

Paper Analysis: Nondestructive and Destructive Analytical Methods

Abstract: Forensic examination and dating documents is an important issue in our society, because documents are used throughout our lives to record everything we do. It starts with our birth certificate and ends with our death certificate. Between them there are receipts, leases, deeds, contracts, checks, wills, sales agreements, and medical records. The validity of all of these documents is often questioned during litigation. This study describes the use of nondestructive analysis of paper (Fourier transform infrared [FTIR] spectroscopy using an attenuated total reflectance [ATR] technique, Raman spectroscopy) and destructive analysis of paper (microscopic analysis of fibers, FTIR analysis of paper ash, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry [ICP-MS]). The results are discussed in detail.     

光谱分析在煤结构研究中的进展

煤结构是各类煤相关研究的微观基础,光谱分析作为煤结构研究的重要方法被广泛应用,其在煤结构研究中的进展对光谱分析方法的普及、应用和发展有重要意义.光谱分析方法研究煤结构已成为煤化工领域使用的常规方法,能够快速无损检测,对煤分子结构的破坏小,可为不同环境条件下煤物理化学性质的变化提供有效的检测手段.从光谱分析在煤质、大分子...     

小波分析及神经网络方法在核物理及核工程中的应用

介绍了小波分析和神经网络方法在核物理及核工程领域的应用现状。 分别对小波分析及神经网络方法的基本原理进行了介绍, 详细讨论了小波变换中的多分辨分析方法在γ能谱平滑以及核电站设备监测等方面的应用, 讨论了连续小波变换在γ能谱分析、 粒子种类鉴别以及核反应堆安全监测等领域的应用。 同时, 还详细介绍了神经网络方法在以上各领域的发展现状。 最后, 展望了两种方法在核安全检测、 核辐射防护以及核电站实时监控等领域的发展趋势。 Applications of wavelet analysis and neutral networks in the field of nuclear physics and engineering are reviewed. The principle of these two methods are introduced briefly, and then the applications of multiresolution analysis technique in the smoothing of γ ray spectroscopy, and in nuclear power plant monitoring are discussed in detail. Applications of the continuous wavelet analysis method in γ ray spectroscopy analysis, in particle identification , and in nuclear reactor safety monitoring are also talked over. In addition, the applications of neutral networks in above fields are introduced. Finally, the trends of the future development for these two methods are prospected.