弹光调制傅里叶变换光谱技术研究

为进一步提高弹光调制傅里叶变换光谱仪光谱分辨率,提出了一种折返式弹光调制干涉仪结构,该结构通过在弹光晶体前后表面镀制相互交错的的全反射膜,并让入射光线以约10°的倾斜角入射,使得被测光束在晶体内部产生多次反射,增大光在干涉仪中的传播距离并提高了调制光程差。建立了折返式弹光调制傅里叶变换光谱仪干涉-光谱反演数学模型,并在此基础上设计搭建了相应的前置收集光系统,并进行了激光光源和氙灯光源的遥测实验,实验所得干涉条纹清晰、稳定,结果表明,所设计的多次反射式弹光调制傅里叶变换光谱仪的光谱分辨率达到13 cm-1,且该方案使得光线在晶体内部产生反射,降低了光能损失,保证了系统性噪比。最后的光谱反演结果表明,所设计光谱系统的技术可行,为后续的样机研制以及光谱、辐射标定等工作奠定了基础。     

基于双直角分束器的反射式静态傅里叶光谱仪光学系统EI北大核心CSCD

基于双直角分束器设计了一种反射式静态傅里叶变换光谱仪光学系统,并搭建了样机。该光谱仪光学系统的分光装置采用双直角分束器,其他光路全部采用反射式结构,有效折叠光路,与透射式静态傅里叶光谱仪相比,系统体积减小一半以上。用汞灯作为静态傅里叶光谱仪光源时,得到了404.7,435.8,546.1,577.0nm的峰值谱线,实验结果很好地复原了汞灯实际光谱;用波长为650nm的激光进行实验,光谱分辨率约为5.93nm,与理论计算结果基本相符。该光学系统具有结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻、抗震性强等诸多优点,可为小型化、便携式静态傅里叶光谱仪器的研制提供技术支持。     

基于双直角分束器的反射式静态傅里叶光谱仪光学系统

基于双直角分束器设计了一种反射式静态傅里叶变换光谱仪光学系统,并搭建了样机。该光谱仪光学系统的分光装置采用双直角分束器,其他光路全部采用反射式结构,有效折叠光路,与透射式静态傅里叶光谱仪相比,系统体积减小一半以上。用汞灯作为静态傅里叶光谱仪光源时,得到了404.7,435.8,546.1,577.0nm的峰值谱线,实验结果很好地复原了汞灯实际光谱;用波长为650nm的激光进行实验,光谱分辨率约为5.93nm,与理论计算结果基本相符。该光学系统具有结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻、抗震性强等诸多优点,可为小型化、便携式静态傅里叶光谱仪器的研制提供技术支持。     

一种光谱分辨率可调的新型空间调制傅里叶变换光谱仪

调整光谱仪的光谱分辨率,可使光谱仪在满足不同目标测量需求的同时,减少数据采集、处理和存储的时间,提高仪器的整体性能。为克服传统傅里叶变换光谱仪的光谱分辨率固定的缺点,提出了一种分辨率可调的空间调制傅里叶变换光谱仪。介绍了该新型光谱仪及其干涉仪的工作原理,利用光线追迹的方法推导了光程差和横向剪切量的计算公式,并分析了新型干涉仪的光程等效模型。在此基础上,分析了光谱分辨率的调节原理。结果表明,该光谱分辨率可调的新型空间调制傅里叶变换光谱仪克服了传统光谱仪分辨率固定、稳定性差等缺点,具有分辨率可调、高稳定性、结构灵活和易于装调等特点。该研究内容为分辨率可调的干涉光谱仪的设计提供了理论基础,扩展了傅里叶变换光谱仪的实用范围。     

光纤傅里叶变换光谱分析装置

报道了一种新的光谱测量方法-基于单模光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪(FMZI)结构的傅里叶变换光谱分析法。在传统傅里叶变换光谱仪( FTS ) 中,用光纤代替传统光路;用光纤耦合器取代传统分束器;用压电光程调制器取代传统移动镜;从而构建了光纤傅里叶变换光谱仪(FFTS)。利用该FFTS测量了LD在阈值以下的发射光谱并与光栅光谱仪测量结果进行了比较,结果表明测量结果是相互吻合的。初步的实验中由于光程调制有限,光谱分辨率为～7 cm-1,改造光程调制器可进一步提高光谱分辨率,证明了FFTS用于分析光谱的可行性。     

高光谱分辨率横向剪切静态干涉光谱仪

提出一种基于新型的分光方法的横向剪切分束器,分析了该分束器结构的分光原理,并对其用于干涉光谱仪中的效果进行了分析计算.该分束器同体积条件下较目前的分束器可以产生十倍以上的剪切量,应用到干涉仪中可以在获得高光谱分辨率的同时不增大仪器的体积和重量.同时,该分束器分光时,无光能返回光源,较Sagnac型分束器对光能的利用率提高了近一倍;相对变形Mach-Zehnder型结构易实现实体化.     

改进的Herriott型光学长程池

用凹面反射镜和平面反射镜组成结构简单、光路易调的光多次反射装置,计算了这种光学系统的稳定性条件。考察实际入射光束的直径和发射角,给出了最大反射次数的求法。制成适用于钛宝石激光光声光谱仪的光56次通过的长程池。理论计算的反射光斑分布与实验观测一致。这个技术有利于提高光声光谱和吸收光谱的探测灵敏度。     

高光谱分辨率激光雷达鉴频器的设计与分析

提出了利用Fabry-Perot干涉仪的反射场实现高光谱分辨率激光雷达精细探测大气光学参量的新方法和思路.设计了高光谱分辨率的分光系统,并分析了干涉仪反射场的光谱透过特征曲线.结合高光谱激光雷达探测信号特征,讨论分析了谱分离比和瑞利信号透过率随反射率和腔长的变化曲线,同时结合误差传递公式,建立了仿真分析模型,讨论了回波光束发散角和入射角变化对激光雷达探测结果的影响.结果表明,所提出的Fabry-Perot干涉仪反射场可以实现高光谱分辨率激光雷达探测系统的精细分光,同时探测结果误差随回波光束发散角变化不敏感,控制发散角在10 mrad以内,入射角在1.5 mrad以内时,可以实现气溶胶光学参数廓线的高精度探测.     

集成光波导静态傅里叶变换微光谱仪分辨率倍增方法

研究了铌酸锂波导静态傅里叶变换微光谱仪分辨率的影响因素, 并在此基础上提出了一种采用端面反射铌酸锂波导结构提高微光谱仪光谱分辨率的方法. 该方法容许在减小铌酸锂波导静态傅里叶变换微光谱仪尺寸的同时, 使两干涉臂间最大光程差增大1倍, 从而使其光谱分辨率实现倍增. 采用商业化铌酸锂波导电光调制器构建了一个傅里叶变换光谱仪原理样机, 并对样机在不同波长下的光谱分辨率进行了测量, 结果指出对调制器加载端面反射结构后获得的光谱分辨率是加载端面反射结构前的2倍, 与理论分析结果完全一致. 这种光波导端面反射结构制作工艺简单, 易于实现, 是一种提高集成光波导静态傅里叶微光谱仪分辨率的有效手段.     

空间调制傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分束器楔形误差分析

由于空间调制傅里叶变换红外光谱仪中分束器加工精度的限制,分束器基片会存在一定的楔形误差。通过对光束在分束器中传播特性的分析,计算得到楔形误差的楔角引入的光程差改变,进而获得干涉光强和复原光谱与楔角之间的函数关系;通过数值仿真发现,楔形误差会导致复原光谱中谱线向低频方向发生频移,并且会降低光谱的分辨率。通过理论分析,得到波数精度与光谱分辨率所对应的楔角误差容限。针对于楔形误差导致的干涉图像光强分布变化,提出了利用离散光谱序列解线性方程组的光谱校正方法,取得了满意的光谱校正效果。     

新型大视场消杂光眼底相机光学系统的设计

设计了一款大视场、免散瞳便携式眼底相机。综合考虑接目物镜被成像和照明系统共用、人眼的像差和视度差异等因素,采用16重结构进行优化设计。设计结果的视场角达60°,分辨率为200万像素,对-8 D~+10 D(1 D=1 m-1)的人眼普遍适用,在120 lp/mm处各视场的调制传递函数(MTF)均大于0.2,畸变小于5%。为消除角膜反射产生的严重杂散光,提出采用LED环形光源改进传统科勒式照明光路,不仅保证眼底照明均匀,而且大大提高了系统的光能利用率,降低了光学系统的复杂程度。为了解决传统系统中接目物镜杂散光无法消除的难题,提出采用偏振分光棱镜代替系统中的分光镜,同时在接目物镜前端加入λ/4波片,消除了99.5%以上的由接目物镜反射产生的杂光。     

等光程干涉仪中参考镜楔角最优补偿方式研究北大核心CSCD

在测量多表面平行样品时,多面干涉会影响测量结果。为了能改善多面干涉问题,介绍了等光程干涉仪,并研究了参考镜楔角的最佳补偿方式。在等光程干涉仪中,由于参考镜和分光镜的楔角和倾角的存在,测量结果中会带有回程误差。根据参考镜楔角的不同情况采用了不同的补偿,理论分析并确定了各种补偿的放置方式和补偿量,同时研究了倾角和楔角的大小对于要被遮拦光束高度和像方数值孔径NA的影响。再利用Zemax进行不同补偿方式下的干涉仪仿真,并根据仿真得到的干涉图PV值分析回程误差的大小。分析表明:选用最佳补偿方式,参考镜楔角为1′,回程误差优于0.003个波长。     

Theory of the Fabry-Perot interferometer with nonparallel reflectors

Taking into account the wave structure of the light beam, determined by diffraction theory, we consider the harmful effect of the inclination of the mirrors of a Fabry-Perot interferometer when fringes of equal inclination are being observed. It is found that the contrast and resolution of the fringes of equal inclination are reduced as the angle of the wedge so formed is increased, and the interferometer (resonator) completely loses its high-resolution capability (Q-factor) when the mirrors deviate from parallelism by an angle equal to half the diffraction angle at its aperture. The advantages of stopping down both the incoming and outgoing beams in improving the contrast and increasing the resolution of the fringes of equal inclination are pointed out.The author thanks Professor F. A. Korolev for his interest.     

Dispersion error of a beam splitter cube in white-light spectral interferometry

We revealed that the phase function of a thin-film structure measured by a white-light spectral interferometric technique depends on the path length difference adjusted in a Michelson interferometer. This phenomenon is due to a dispersion error of a beam splitter cube, the effective thickness of which varies with the adjusted path length difference. A technique for eliminating the effect in measurement of the phase function is described. In a first step, the Michelson interferometer with same metallic mirrors is used to measure the effective thickness of the beam splitter cube as a function of the path length difference. In a second step, one of the mirrors of the interferometer is replaced by a thin-film structure and its phase function is measured for the same path length differences as those adjusted in the first step. In both steps, the phase is retrieved from the recorded spectral interferograms by using a windowed Fourier transform applied in the wavelength domain.     

Two-dimensional higher-diffraction-order optical beam splitter based on phenanthrenequinone-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) photopolymer

A two-dimensional optical beam splitter has been realized that uses the higher diffraction orders of a refractive-index grating. Gratings were recorded experimentally with light from a semiconductor laser incident at a small angle on phenanthrenequinone-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) photopolymer. The incident signal beam, which was made up of three different wavelengths (632.8, 532.0, and 488.0 nm), was split by the grating into multiple output beams with nearly equal size and separation. Results are given for when the sample grating was placed behind, in front of, and in the focal plane of a Fourier lens. The properties of higher-order-diffraction images have been discussed. The discussion shows that a two-dimensional higher-diffraction-order optical beam splitter provides a practical method for splitting a signal beam.     

改进型迈克耳孙干涉仪

采用分光梭镜代替迈克耳孙干涉仪中的分束镜和补偿板，不仅消除了杂散光斑，且简化了仪器的结构．     

Walk-off ring-down spectroscopy: attaining ultrafast resolution by converting time into space

A new technique for monitoring time-resolved phenomena is demonstrated by which a probe beam is directed into an optical cavity. Spatially separated output pulses are produced by directing the incident beam into the cavity in such a way that it walks in a direction transverse to the optical axis as it propagates between the two mirrors. This effect may be achieved either by a plane-parallel resonator oriented at a nonzero angle of incidence or by a wedge cavity, for which one of the mirrors is set at an angular offset. The spatially resolved output train may then be related to the time-dependent attributes of the resonator and the molecules it encloses. Time resolution is controlled by the separation of the mirrors, wedge geometry, and the angle of incidence. A time resolution of better than 4 ps is achieved using a 500 µm mirror separation and a 20° angle of incidence.     

Generation of arbitrary vector beams based on a single spatial light modulator and a thin-film polarization splitting cubic

A setup for the generation of arbitrary vector beams is proposed. The setup mainly consists of a spatial light modulator(SLM), an angle-adjustable polarization beam splitter modulator, and a spatial filtering imaging system. Compared with the system using a birefringent beam splitter with a non-adjustable splitting angle,the polarization splitting angle of the improved setup can be adjusted by slightly rotating the related mirrors,which will bring more convenience when different wavelengths and different pixel sizes of SLMs are involved.The experimental results also demonstrate that the setup possesses a good polarization-selective imaging ability, which reveals that the setup may also be useful in polarization-selective spatial filtering imaging and polarization-encoded encryption.     

高精度分光棱镜组的胶合

通过一种分光棱镜组的胶合工艺,从胶合仪器的工作原理、调试、胶合方法及胶合剂等方面讨论了在现有技术水平且无专用仪器的情况下,如何保持分光棱镜组支光路中光束的折转角变、平行性及位置精度。     

基于偏振分束成像的旋光角度场测量技术

 为了精确地测量旋光效应中偏振光的旋光角度及其分布,提出了基于偏振分束成像的旋光角度场测量新方法。分析和推理论证了旋光角度场测量理论基础,设计构建了光电检测验证系统,即根据偏振光分束原理,借助于高清晰度CCD采集图像,由计算机对图像进行中值滤波和基于奇异值的匹配处理,再采用“差除和”信号处理以消除光源波动的影响,得到检测结果。实验结果表明,与传统的测量方法相比,该方法不受光源波动的影响,能精确、快速地检测旋光角度二维分布场,并具有很好的线性,数据的均方差仅为传统测量方法的40%。