三聚氰胺结石与疑似三聚氰胺结石的红外光谱分析

本文通过对三聚氰胺、尿酸、三聚氰胺结石和疑似三聚氰胺结石的红外光谱分析, 根据它们的特征峰位、峰形的特点和三聚氰胺、尿酸、草酸钙的标准红外光谱比较, 推出三聚氰胺结石由尿酸、尿酸胺、草酸钙和三聚氰胺形成的混合性结石。疑似三聚氰胺结石是草酸钙结石。因此, 红外光谱法可作为一种辅助手段, 为医学诊断提供理论依据。     

均苯三酚改性三聚氰胺-甲醛气凝胶的制备与表征

以三聚氰胺、均苯三酚和甲醛为原料,经过溶胶凝胶、CO2超临界干燥,制备出由均苯三酚改性的最低密度为44 mg/cm3、透明、不易开裂的三聚氰胺-甲醛（MF）气凝胶,利用Materials-Studio软件模拟,结果证明了均苯三酚的引入可以缩短凝胶时间。并采用扫描电镜（SEM）, 红外（FT-IR）, 热重（TGA）对样品进行了表征,测试表明：改性后的MF气凝胶具有由直径30 nm的骨架构成三位连续空间网络结构,孔径约为100 nm,且分布均匀,热性能也有所提高。     

酚改性MF气凝胶的制备及表征

以三聚氰胺和甲醛为原料制备MF气凝胶,在凝胶化过程中加入酚类化合物对MF体系进行改性,获得相应的湿凝胶,湿凝胶经超临界干燥,制备出密度为最低可达50 kg·m-3的酚改性MF气凝胶。采用高分辨透射电镜、场发射扫描电镜、红外吸收光谱和热重分析表征了酚改性MF气凝胶的组成、结构以及热性能。结果表明:酚类的引入,MF气凝胶体系由堆积型结构变成链球状多孔纳米结构,同时在较低的温度下（＜300 ℃）,体系的热稳定性有所提高。     

纳米银粒子表面增强拉曼光谱在宠物饲料中三聚氰胺的速测研究

研究将制备的纳米银粒子作为表面增强拉曼光谱的增强试剂,实现对宠物饲料中三聚氰胺的快速定性定量分析。以709与1542cm-1处拉曼位移作为定性依据,以1149cm-1峰强度作为归一化标准,在1.0～10.0mg·kg-1浓度范围实现定量计算,检测限0.5mg·kg-1。研究发现,纳米银粒子对三聚氰胺具有较强的拉曼增强效应,特征峰信号强度与纳米银粒子加入时间,溶液涡旋强度有很大的关系,同时也受提取溶剂的种类、提取方式及样品加入量的影响。本方法中每个样品5min内完成分析,与现有方法相比,快速简便,对宠物饲料中三聚氰胺实现现场、快速检测。     

丁基苯酞衍生物的红外与拉曼光谱研究

丁基苯酞是我国脑血管领域第一个拥有自主知识产权的一类新药,常温下为一种淡黄色或者无色粘稠油状液体,具有众多优点,但在临床使用中会出现转氨酶升高、肝功能异常和消化道反应等不良反应。将卤素原子引入到丁基苯酞的6位,获得了3个固态的丁基苯酞类似物,并对其进行了IR和Raman光谱测定。两种光谱提供了互为补充的信息,引入卤原子后,双取代苯环的特征峰消失,出现了三取代苯环的特征峰。在红外中比较弱甚至检测不到的3位C—H伸缩振动在Raman中非常明显,在Raman的低波数区间检测到了可被指认为—C—C—C—C—的变形振动。根据这两种光谱的研究结果确认了所合成化合物的结构。     

三聚氰胺及其胺化衍生物的荧光特性

研究了三聚氰胺(MA)及其胺化衍生物在不同浓度酸碱溶液中的荧光性能,探索了MA及其衍生物与金属离子作用前后三维荧光光谱的变化规律。结果显示:酸性溶液中MA的荧光强度高于胺化衍生物,而碱性溶液中MA的荧光强度低于胺化衍生物;随着盐酸浓度加大,其荧光峰向长波方向移动,且荧光强度逐渐减小;随着氢氧化钠浓度增加,MA荧光强度逐渐减小,胺化衍生物在氢氧化钠浓度为0.001mol/L时荧光强度最小,浓度为0.01mol/L时达到最大。加入Ni~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)等金属离子后,MA及其胺化衍生物无响应;但加入Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)后,其荧光强度随着金属离子浓度的增大而减弱直至不再变化。并通过摩尔比法求得MA及其衍生物与Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的结合比。     

1，5—苯并硫氮杂Zhuo—β—内酰胺衍生物的IR、MS、^1H和^13C NMR谱特征

本文测定并研究了两类1，5－苯并硫氮杂Zhuo－β－内酰胺衍生物的红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱和碳谱，指出了主要谱峰的归属及此类化合物的谱学特征。     

1,5-苯并硫氮杂-β-内酰胺衍生物的IR、MS、~1H和~(13)CNMR谱特征

本文测定并研究了两类１，５－苯并硫氮杂艹卓－β－内酰胺衍生物的红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱和碳谱，指出了主要谱峰的归属及此类化合物的谱学特征。     

双酚A和双酚A二缩水甘油醚振动谱的理论和实验比较分析

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,本文研究双酚A(BPA)和双酚A二缩水甘油醚(EDGEBA)分子的结构和振动性质,分析了两种分子红外活性和拉曼活性特征振动的频率和对称性。计算结果表明,BPA分子的拉曼散射峰基本归属于对位取代苯的骨架振动,500~1600cm-1红外强度较强;对于DGEBA分子环氧基团指纹区的特征振动频率为860,930,1123,1260cm-1,其红外光谱强度较大,可用于DGEBA类树脂固化反应过程监控;1260cm1附近的振动模,其拉曼散射强度较高,可成为拉曼光谱研究固化反应过程的特征振动。而1160cm-1附近的振动属于芳香环的特征振动,强度基本不变。     

丙烯酰氯改性木质素模型物制备丙烯酸单体及聚合活性分析

以木质素模型化合物二氢丁香酚(DH)为原料,利用丙烯酰氯(AC)进行接枝改性制备丙烯酸二氢丁香酚酯(DH-AC)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和凝胶色谱(GPC)等分析手段研究了丙烯酸二氢丁香酚酯的结构以及聚合活性。FTIR结果表明二氢丁香酚经过丙烯酰氯改性后,3 495 cm-1为酚羟基伸缩振动吸收峰完全消失,在1 762 cm-1处有新的酯基峰生成,同时在1 631和981 cm-1出现CC的特征吸收峰,表明丙烯酸酯官能团已成功接枝到二氢丁香酚上。1H-NMR分析结果显示DH-AC在δ=5.6的酚羟基质子峰完全消失,同时在δ=6.0,6.4和6.7出现了三个不同的质子峰,这主要是由于乙烯基CHCH₂结构的引入,该结果进一步证明目标产物丙烯酸二氢丁香酚酯结构的正确性。GC-MS结果表明目标产物丙烯酸二氢丁香酚酯的纯度为98.63%。GPC结果显示DH-AC在偶氮二异丁氰(AIBN)作为引发剂的存在下,DH-AC可以发生聚合反应,均聚物相对分子质量结果为：Mw(37400),Mn(23400),Mw/Mn=1.60,表明丙烯酸二氢丁香酚酯单体具有高的聚合活性。丙烯酸二氢丁香酚酯(DH-AC)的制备和性能研究为开发新型木质素基高分子材料奠定了理论基础。     

ATR-FTIR研究超支化聚酯对PEG型聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能及形态的影响

为改善聚乙二醇(PEG)型聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能,将改性超支化聚酯(HBP)引入形成共混体系,利用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)研究了聚氨酯胶片的化学结构.结果表明,超支化聚酯对PEG型聚氨酯弹性体具有较好的增强增韧作用,当加入0.4%的第三代超支化聚酯时,聚氨酯弹性体的拉伸强度比空白胶片提高了2.5...     

Structure and Mechanical Stability of Epoxy Modified Polyurethane Foam Under Heat and Stress

A series of phenolic epoxy resin (PEP) modified polyurethane foams (PUF) were prepared via an in-situ polymerization, one step process. It was found that the epoxy modified PUF foam exhibited a perforated network structure with larger cell size, higher open cell porosity and enhanced ovality compared with pure PUF. With increasing content of PEP, the tensile strength, elongation at break and low temperature modulus of PUF decreased. A single T_g was observed for PEP modified PUF, indicating that the two component phases of the polyurethane-epoxy were miscible. With increasing PEP content, the T_g of PUF shifted slightly to higher temperature, tan δ_max dropped to lower values, and the retention value of the storage modulus at ?20 and ?10?°C increased. For pure PUF, the cell walls degraded and the structure became disordered after aging under heat and stress, while for PUF/20wt%PEP, the degradation degree was obviously reduced, and an orientation of the cells along the stress direction and a density increase was observed. During aging at 200?°C, the retention of the mechanical properties of PUF/20wt% PEP was much higher than that of pure PUF, and it showed superior stability under heat and stress, attributed to incorporation of the thermally resistant oxazolidone rings and benzene rings in the PU backbones, the highly cross-linked networks of the polyurethane-epoxy systems and the obvious orientation of the cells under stress.     

激光固化快速成形SL7510型光敏树脂性能研究

利用红外光谱仪、紫外激光固化快速成形设备、旋转黏度计、电子拉力试验机以及热机械性能分析仪对美国Huantsman公司的SL7510型光敏树脂进行了性能研究.实验结果表明,SL7510型光敏树脂是一种环氧树脂-丙烯酸酯混杂型光敏树脂,它在30℃时的黏度为335 mPa·s,临界曝光量为10.9 mJ/cm2,透射深度为0.14 mm,固化体积收缩率为4.03%,固化物托伸强度为40.8 MPa,拉伸弹性模量为2009.2 MPa,断裂伸长率为13.6%,玻璃化温度为62℃.同时,根据所测定的光敏树脂临界曝光量和透射深度数值,选定了紫外激光固化快速成形设备的加工参数,制作了电话机外壳,其制作效果较好.     

Decreasing the electromagnetic observability of carbon fiber polymer–matrix composites by using epoxy-coated carbon fibers

The electromagnetic observability of epoxy–matrix composites containing continuous carbon fibers was decreased by using epoxy-coated carbon fibers. The attenuation of electromagnetic waves at 1.0–1.5 GHz upon reflection was increased from 1.3 to 1.7 dB, while the attenuation upon transmission was decreased from 30 to 24 dB. The effect is attributed to the decreased transverse electrical conductivity of the composite due to the epoxy coating. The epoxy coating caused the tensile strength and modulus of the composite to decrease by about 10%, while the elongation at break was not affected.     

Mechanical and electrical properties of radiation-vulcanized natural rubber latex with waste eggshell powder as bio-fillers

ABSTRACT

This work investigated the mechanical, physical, morphological, and electrical (volume) resistivity properties of radiation-vulcanized natural rubber latex (RVNRL) with additions of waste eggshell (WES) powder, which contained primarily CaCO₃ (calcite). The results showed that increasing gamma irradiation doses from 0 to 30?kGy in 10-kGy increments led to decreases in the swelling ratio and elongation at break but increases in the crosslink density, tensile modulus at 500% elongation, and tensile strength of the composites. The results also suggested that increasing the WES contents from 0 to 2, 4, or 6 parts per hundred parts of rubber by weight (phr) in the composites improved the tensile modulus at 500% elongation, tensile strength, hardness (Shore A), and electrical (volume) resistivity. In addition, after undergoing thermal aging at 70°C for 96?h, the tensile modulus and hardness (Shore A) increased, while the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased. This work also compared the properties of WES/RVNRL with commercial CaCO₃/RVNRL samples at the same 4-phr content. The results indicated that both composites had similar tensile properties, implying possible replacement of commercial CaCO₃ with WES powder as an effective reinforcing filler in RVNRL.     

Preparation and Properties of Epoxy‐Clay Nanocomposites

Epoxy‐clay nanocomposites were synthesized to examine the effects of adding different contents of nanoclays on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the epoxy resin system used in composite pipes manufacturing. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (epoxy) with a cycloaliphatic amine heat curing hardner was reinforced by 1–7 wt.% of an organically modified type of montmorillonite. SEM results showed the change in failure of epoxy from brittle to tough mode by addition of nanoclays. X‐ray results indicated some degree of exfoliation by 1 wt.% clay and a decrease in d‐spacing in higher clay loadings after that. The heat‐distortion temperature of epoxy-clay nanocomposites increased from 125.5 to 138.7°C with 3 wt.% organoclay loading. Tensile and flexural modulus increased with increasing clay loading in this type of nanocomposite, but addition of organically modified clay decreased the tensile and flexural strengths and tensile elongation at break. Addition of 7 wt.% nanoclay improved the impact strength by 25.6%.     

Adhesion enhancement in polystyrene/polyethylene blends by corona treatment and triblock copolymer addition

A comparative study of interfacial effects due to styrene-butadiene-based triblock copolymer (SEBS) addition and to corona treatment has been investigated for blends of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS). Blends of PS/PE covering a wide range of weight composition have been prepared in the molten state. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that moderate amounts of SEBS copolymer addition (2-5%) resulted in finer particle dispersion and in better interfacial adhesion between PE and PS phases. Tensile strength and elongation at break were also significantly improved. In the case of corona treatment of both polyethylene and polystyrene, the tensile strength of the blends increased while their elongation at break remained almost unchanged. The same trend was found when small amounts of corona-treated blend (5%) were added to the non-modified PS/PE blends. Rheological measurements revealed that corona treatment resulted in a decrease of dynamic shear viscosity of both PE and PS. From a view-point of morphological and mechanical properties, the triblock copolymer was found to be the more efficient modifier. Nevertheless, much higher tensile strengths, but lower elongations at break were obtained when the blends were modified by corona-treated SEBS copolymer. The results suggest that a combination of the two modification methods may be a promising route to enhance performance properties in the immiscible PS/PE system.     

Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide,reduced graphene oxide and their nanocomposites with polyethylene oxide

This work describes the synthesis of GO, rGO and their nanocomposites with PEO. GO and rGO were prepared by the modified Hummers method and in-situ reduction of GO utilizing green reductant L (+) Ascorbic acid. The nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Universal Testing Machine (UTM). FT-IR and XRD confirmed the synthesis of GO and rGO. FE-SEM confirmed the uniformly exfoliated GO and rGO nanosheets in the polymer matrix. Hydrogen bonding was the main interaction mechanism for GO with PEO while no interaction was detected by FT-IR for rGO. Enhanced thermal stability was observed for both GO/PEO and rGO/PEO nanocomposites. The mechanical analysis showed an increase in Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break for GO/PEO nanocomposites, which is attributed to the homogeneous dispersion and hydrophilic hydrogen bonding interaction of GO with PEO.     

Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Wood Flour Composites: Reinforcement Mechanism

Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was employed as the compatibilizer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or hydroxylated CNTs as reinforcements for polypropylene/wood flour composites. The results showed that when the PP-g-MA loading level was 10 wt%, the bending strength, tensile strength, Izod notched impact strength, and elongation at break of PP-wood composites were enhanced by 85% (66.3 MPa), 93% (33.7 MPa), 5.8% (2.01 kJ/m²), and 64% (23%), respectively, relative to the uncompatibilized composites. The introduction of pristine CNTs only improved slightly the overall mechanical properties of the compatibilized composites due to poor interfacial compatibility. Unlike CNTs, incorporating hydroxylated CNTs (CNT-OH) could significantly improve all of the mechanical properties; for instance, at 0.5 wt% CNT-OH loading, the flexural strength and tensile strength reached 68.5 MPa, and 40.4 MPa about 6.6% higher than that for the composites with the same CNT loading. Furthermore, CNT-OH also remarkably enhanced the storage modulus. Contact angle and morphology observations indicated that the increases in mechanical properties could be attributed to the improvements of interfacial interactions and adhesions of CNTs with the matrix and fillers.     

Dynamically Vulcanized Styrene-Butadiene Rubber/Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/High Impact Polystyrene Blends Compatibilized by Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymer

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) blends were prepared by dynamic vulcanization, and the TPVs was compatibilized by styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS). The effects of SBS compatibilizer on mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and morphological properties of the TPVs were investigated systemically. Experimental results indicate that SBS had a good compatibilization effect on the SBR/EVA/HIPS TPVs. The tensile strength went through a maximum value at a compatibilizer resin content of 6 phr, and the elongation at break and tear strength increased with increasing SBS content. Morphology study shows that the vulcanized SBR particles were dispersed in the HIPS matrices. A rubber process analyzer reveals that the elastic modulus increased with increasing frequency and the incorporation of EVA in the TPVs led to the obvious decrease of elastic modulus; however, the further addition of compatibilizer SBS affected the elastic modulus less. The tan δ decreased continuously with increasing frequency. The addition of SBS in the TPVs led to enhanced hysteresis behavior and relatively high tan δ.