碳纤维复合材料金字塔点阵结构制备工艺及力学性能研究

本文针对碳纤维复合材料点阵结构,从结构设计、制备工艺、平压性能、剪切性能等方面对其进行试验表征及理论模型研究.设计四种成型碳纤维复合材料金字塔点阵结构的思想,并采用一种新的制备工艺即预浸料二次成型工艺制备试样,试验结果表明,该工艺能最大程度发挥纤维增强潜力.通过实验揭示在平压载荷下杆件屈曲、杆件断裂、杆件分层脱胶失效机理,在剪切载荷下杆件屈曲、杆件分层、杆件脱胶失效机理,基于结构力学基础原理,建立相应理论模型,经过修正之后的理论模型均能较好预报典型载荷下力学性能.本文研究发现碳纤维复合材料金字塔点阵结构具有密度低、比强度大、比刚度高等优点,且芯子中具有大量空间,可以制备轻质多功能结构.     

考虑约束扭转的薄壁梁单元刚度矩阵

推导了薄壁空间梁单元刚度矩阵 ,考虑了双向弯曲及截面约束扭转对杆件轴向变形的影响 ;计算了截面的翘曲变形 ,以及二次剪应力对翘曲变形的影响 ,可适用于任意截面 (包括开口、闭口和混合剖面 )的薄壁杆件。计算结果表明 ,考虑约束扭转的薄壁梁单元刚度矩阵有相当好的精确度 ,可以用于薄壁杆件的静动力分析。     

柔性套管约束下轴心受压杆件的屈曲分析

针对柔性套管约束杆件,研究了轴压杆件与约束杆件点、线接触时的约束屈曲．在小挠度变形假设下,根据轴压杆件与约束杆件满足变形协调条件的二阶平衡微分方程,推导了轴压杆件挠度、轴向位移、接触反力的计算公式,并且由轴向压力唯一确定了线接触的长度．算例分析表明：当约束杆件刚度较小时,轴压杆件弯曲产生的轴向位移较大；当约束杆件刚度较大时,轴压杆件弯曲产生的轴向位移较小,该轴向位移与文献中的大挠度解吻合很好,从而得出小挠度变形假设是合理的．     

金字塔点阵圆筒结构轴向弹性波传递特性研究

点阵结构的周期和多孔特征使其相较于普通的实体结构具有轻质、耐冲击、减振降噪和高比强度等优势, 在航空航天和船舰等领域具有十分广泛的应用前景. 本文以金字塔点阵圆筒结构为对象, 根据单胞的宽、高和阵列的个数等独立的结构参数进行参数化建模, 并利用商用有限元软件计算了点阵圆筒结构轴向振动特性. 通过无量纲手段针对归一化频率和相对带宽, 系统研究了单胞的宽、高以及杆件直径等关键参数对减振效果的影响. 根据参数分析的结果, 设计了一种具有低频宽带减振性能的金字塔点阵圆筒结构. 使用增材制造技术制作了样件, 并进行了振动测试实验, 结果表明, 实验和有限元模拟的结果基本一致, 在500~1500 Hz范围内, 结构表现出明显的减振效果, 平均的衰减强度达到了50 dB左右.      

变截面悬链线无铰拱应变影响线的解析解

针对变截面悬链线无铰拱应变影响线尚无解析解的现状,通过弹性中心法对其力法方程进行简化,利用Ritter截面变化规律简化变截面悬链线无铰拱的曲线积分,从而推导出变截面悬链线无铰拱应变影响线的闭合解表达式,再将解析结果与有限元分析结果进行对比研究,并对轴力参数展开对比分析。研究结果表明,本文推导得到变截面悬链线无铰拱应变影响线的解析解,数值解析解同有限元结果间最大相对误差小于2%,其轴力影响随矢跨比和测点位置变化而变化,本文公式具有较高的工程精度和计算分析参考价值。     

薄壁杆约束扭转的单肢解析化分析方法

针对薄壁杆件约柬扭转的基本受力反应分析问题,采用与符拉索夫的经典约束扭转理论截然不同的立论途径,将自由扭转刚度视为调整因素,而将剥离了该抗力效应的薄壁杆件基本体系作为主要分析对象,推导出基于翘曲理论并考虑了自由扭转刚度影响的杆件刚度方程及结问荷载的等效措施.此外,提出了基于微段薄壁杆简化单刚的有效数值化分析方法.上述研究表明,对于钢构件等具有薄壁构型截面形式的杆件,这种单肢解析化分析方法无需进行复杂的截面特性如弯、翘曲惯矩或弯、形心坐标等的分析,力与变形的表达简洁、直接,本文的抗力性能分析和表述方式可为薄壁构件的稳定及畸变等研究提供新的思路切入点.     

轴向约束梁柱在火灾引起温度沿截面不均匀分布条件下的大变形分析

火灾升温引起钢材强度和刚度降低,对温度沿截面分布不均匀的构件还将产生热弯曲,火灾下结构分析同时涉及几何非线性和材料非线性,无法求得解析解,只能通过数值方法求解.本文基于轴线可伸长梁理论,用勒让德多项式作为基函数逼近梁柱轴向和横向变形,根据平衡方程误差平方和最小的条件确定多项式系数的方法,分析了轴向约束钢柱在火灾引起的沿截面线性分布温度场下的受力和变形性能.考虑了温度梯度、轴向约束刚度比、荷载比、构件长度等参数的影响和升温条件下钢材的弹塑性性能的影响,该方法结果与解析结果和有限元分析结果吻合.研究表明,随着荷载比的增大构件的临界温度迅速降低,轴向约束刚度、温度梯度和构件长度仅影响构件的变形,对构件的临界温度影响较小.     

考虑轴力二阶效应的损伤梁弯曲摄动解

将损伤梁等效为阶梯型变刚度Euler-Bernoulli梁,利用Heaviside广义函数,给出了阶梯型变刚度梁抗弯刚度的统一表达式．在此基础上,考虑轴向压力二阶效应,并以损伤为摄动参数,得到了均布横向载荷作用下,简支损伤梁弯曲挠度的一阶和二阶摄动解析解,并数值分析了摄动解析解的精度和损伤梁的弯曲变形特性,结果表明：随着轴向压力和刚度损伤参数的增加,挠度一阶和二阶摄动解析解误差增加,挠度二阶摄动解析解误差通常小于其一阶摄动解析解误差,且二阶摄动解的误差很小,满足工程应用的精度．同时,损伤梁的挠度和转角分布与完整梁的挠度和转角分布差异较大,在刚度变化位置处损伤梁转角斜率存在突变．这些结果可为轴力作用下Euler-Bernoulli梁损伤识别提供理论支撑．     

轴向功能梯度Timoshenko变截面梁的屈曲分析

运用插值矩阵法研究了不同边界条件下轴向功能梯度材料变截面Timoshenko梁的屈曲性能问题。基于Timoshenko梁基本理论,将轴向功能梯度变截面Timoshenko梁临界荷载的计算转化为一组变系数常微分方程特征值问题,然后运用插值矩阵法可一次性地计算出轴向功能梯度变截面梁在不同边界条件下的屈曲临界荷载。当区间划分点数n为80时,在不同的边界条件下均质材料等截面Timoshenko梁量纲为一的临界荷载的本文计算值与解析解有7位有效数字相同,轴向功能梯度Timoshenko锥形梁量纲为一的临界荷载的本文计算值与已有文献计算结果有3~5位有效数字相同,数值计算结果表明了本文方法的有效性和较高的计算精度。同时,本文方法可获取相应的挠度模态函数,而且对于材料梯度函数和截面几何轮廓的具体形式无任何限制条件。     

一种基于图乘的变刚度直杆位移计算折算技巧

为解决图乘法计算变截面杆件位移时分割图形数目多,计算容易出错这一问题,提出了一种刚度折算的方法,把长度已知的变截面杆件等价转换为两个一定长度的等截面杆件,通过刚度与位移的关系进行折算,然后叠加即可得到正确结果。可显著减少图乘次数,降低计算量,提高计算效率和正确率,值得推广。     

新型复合材料点阵结构的研究进展

复合材料点阵结构是一种具有轻质、高比强、高比刚以及多功能潜力的新型结构材料, 近几年受到国外学者的极大关注, 是新一代结构材料一体化的理想结构材料. 本文概述了点阵复合材料及结构的发展历程, 包括复合材料点阵结构的拓扑构型设计、制备工艺研究、力学性能表征、失效模式分析、预报模型评价等方面的工作, 并给出了复合材料点阵结构的力学性能、失效模式和理论数值模型汇总表以及修正后的材料强度与密度关系图. 同时, 本文对复合材料点阵结构可能应用的领域进行预测, 并对其未来发展进行了展望.      

正交各向异性Kagome蜂窝材料宏观等效力学性能

由于微结构的布局和尺寸的方向性,人造和天然的蜂窝材料都会不同程度呈现各向异性,其中正交各向异性的蜂窝材料较为常见.该文采用桁架模型推导了正交各向异性Kagome单胞蜂窝材料等效刚度和强度的解析表达式,给出了初始屈服函数和近似弹性屈曲强度,讨论了等效刚度与各向异性率和相对密度的关系.等效刚度的解析结果与单胞壁杆采用梁单元建模的刚架模型均匀化结果进行比较,结果令人满意.需要说明的是这类"组合蜂窝"材料具有多功能性和潜在的可设计性,正在受到人们关注.     

Mechanical Properties of two novel planar lattice structures

Two novel statically indeterminate planar lattice materials are designed: a new Kagome cell (N-Kagome) and a statically indeterminate square cell (SI-square). Their in-plane mechanical properties, such as stiffness, yielding, buckling and collapse mechanisms are investigated by analytical methods. The analytical stiffness is also verified by means of finite element (FE) simulations. In the case of uniaxial loading, effective modulus, yield strength, buckling strength and critical relative density are compared for various lattice structures. At a critical relative density, the collapse mode will change from buckling to yielding. Elastic buckling under macroscopic shear loading is found to have significant influence on failure of lattice structures, especially at low relative densities. Comparison of the analytical bulk and shear moduli with the Hashin–Shtrikman bounds indicates that the mechanical properties of the SI-square honeycomb are relatively close to being optimal. It is found that compared with the other existing stretching-dominated 2D lattice structures, the N-Kagome cell possesses the largest continuous cavities for fixed relative densities and wall thicknesses, which is convenient for oil storage, disposal of heat exchanger, battery deploying and for other functions. And the initial yield strength of the N-Kagome cell is slightly lower than that of the Kagome cell. The SI-square cell has similar high stiffness and strength as the mixed cell while its buckling resistance is about twice than that of the mixed cell.     

Buckling analysis of pristine and defected graphene

The buckling behavior of monolayer graphene (pristine and vacancy-defected) and bilayer graphene (pristine) loaded in the armchair direction was simulated for different boundary conditions using a truss FE model, representing the exact atomic lattice of graphene, and a FE model of an equivalent 2D plate. The critical buckling stress of pristine monolayer graphene was derived as a function of aspect ratio. The results from the two FE models coincide and are in very good agreement with established analytical solutions. With increasing the aspect ratio, the critical buckling stress of monolayer graphene decreases until the value of 2 from which the effect starts to diminish. Using the truss FE model, the effect of randomly dispersed vacancies on the critical buckling stress and buckling mode of monolayer graphene was studied. It was found that the critical buckling stress decreases dramatically with increasing the defect density: for a defect density of 10%, the critical buckling stress decreases by almost 50%. Moreover, the presence of defects was found to affect the highest buckling modes (above 3) even at low densities. Bilayer graphene has a totally different critical buckling stress than monolayer graphene due to the effect of van der Waals forces which depends on the applied boundary conditions.     

Kagome plate structures for actuation

A class of planar, pin-jointed truss structures based on the ancient Kagome basket weave pattern with exceptional characteristics for actuation has been identified. Its in-plane stiffness is isotropic and has optimal weight among planar trusses for specified stiffness or strength. The version with welded joints resists plastic yielding and buckling, while storing minimal energy upon truss bending during actuation. Two plate structures are considered which employ the planar Kagome truss as the actuation plane. It is shown that these plates can be actuated with minimal internal resistance to achieve a wide range of shapes, while also sustaining large loads through their isotropic bending/stretching stiffness, and their excellent resistance to yielding/buckling.     

轻质金属点阵夹层板热屈曲临界温度分析

本文针对均匀温度场下四边简支和四边固支金属点阵夹层板的临界热屈曲温度进行了求解和参数影响分析。将点阵夹芯等效为均匀连续体,并且将夹层板的剪切刚度近似为点阵夹芯的抗剪切刚度,忽略夹芯的抗弯刚度且认为夹层板主要由面板来提供抗弯刚度。对于无法获得解析解的四边固支条件,通过对未知变量进行双傅里叶展开的方法求解了Ressiner夹层板模型的临界屈曲温度,理论分析结果与有限元计算结果吻合良好。进一步分析了不同边界条件、点阵胞元构型、点阵材料相对密度、面板厚度等对临界屈曲温度的影响规律。     

The unilateral contact buckling problem of continuous beams in the presence of initial geometric imperfections: An analytical approach based on the theory of elastic stability

An analytical method for the treatment of the elastic buckling problem of continuous beams with intermediate unilateral constraints is presented, which is based on the fundamental theory of elastic stability. The study focuses on the unilateral contact buckling problem of beams in the presence of initial geometric imperfections. The mathematical Euler approach, based on the fundamental solution of the boundary value problem of the buckling of continuous beams, is appropriately modified in order to take into account the unilateral contact conditions. Furthermore, in order the obtained analytical solutions to be applicable for practical design cases, the actual strength of the cross-section of the beam under combined compression and bending is considered. The implementation of the proposed method is demonstrated through a characteristic example.     

桁架板等效刚度分析

桁架材料的连续介质等效模型的研究已有相当基础,而工程中桁架材料往往以类板结构形式出现,其变形表现出明显的弯曲特征。将类板桁架材料采用弯曲板模型模拟,研究合理的方法确定等效板模型的刚度具有重要意义。本文在基于Kirchhoff假定的小挠度薄板弹性理论框架下,研究了类板桁架材料的等效弯曲薄板模型,提出了确定薄板模型等效刚度的基于Dirichlet位移边界条件的代表体元法,给出了确定各刚度系数所对应的代表体元的边界位移形式。具体计算了几种典型形式桁架板的等效刚度,并采用有限元离散模型和实验技术分析了桁架板在一定的边界约束和荷载作用下的响应,并与等效板模型的分析结果进行了对比。结果表明,在响应分析中,具有等效刚度的薄板模型可准确模拟类板桁架材料;连续介质板等效刚度计算的积分法不能给出准确的桁架板等效刚度,而基于Dirichlet位移边界条件的代表体元法获得的等效板的刚度具有很高的精度。     

Multiscale structural design of columns made of regular octet-truss lattice material

This paper focuses on the structural design of the microscopic architecture of a lattice material with regular octet-truss cell topology and on the multiscale design of an axially loaded member manufactured of this type of cellular solid. The rationale followed here hinges on the coincidence of the failure modes of a stretching dominated lattice material, which experiences two types of microscopic failure modes, namely, elastic buckling and plastic yielding. A lattice material that fails by the elastic buckling of its cell elements without reaching the plastic yielding is far from optimum. To avoid this event and improve the material strength, we first start to tailor the structural efficiencies of the cell elements. We show that by shaping the cell element cross-sections, the lattice material buckling resistance can increase until it equals the cell element yield strength, thereby exploiting fully the lattice material strength. The coincidence of these two failure modes is the structural criterion used to develop selection charts for the micro-structural design of the octet-truss lattice material. In the second part of the paper, we examine the design of a structural column manufactured by regular octet-truss lattice material. We show that to maximize the structural failure resistance at both the structural and the material levels, the global buckling and the yielding failure of the column must occur simultaneously with the microscopic failure modes of the lattice material, namely the local buckling and the yielding of its microscopic cell elements. The paper concludes by illustrating how the micro-truss geometry and the column cross-section can be simultaneously designed to fully exploit the strength of the material and the overall macrostructure.     

Three-dimensional Composite Lattice Structures Fabricated by Electrical Discharge Machining

We present a novel method for fabricating carbon fiber composite sandwich panels with lattice core construction by means of electrical discharge machining (EDM). First, flat-top corrugated carbon fiber composite cores were fabricated by a hot press molding method. Then, two composite face sheets were bonded to each corrugated core to create precursor sandwich panels. These panels were transformed into sandwich panels with near-pyramidal truss cores by EDM plunge-cutting the corrugated core between the face sheets with a shaped cuprite electrode. The flat top corrugation permits adhesive to be applied consistently, and the selected dimensions leave a substantial bond area after cutting, resulting in a strong core-to-sheet bond. The crushing behavior of this novel construction was investigated in flatwise compression, and the results were compared to analytical expressions for strength and stiffness.