健康人血红蛋白紫外可见吸收光谱和FTIR光谱

为了探究健康人固体血红蛋白(hemoglobin, Hb)的紫外可见吸收光谱和傅里叶变化红外光谱的谱学特征,将21～80岁健康人分成四个年龄阶段组,采用葡聚糖层析法高度纯化新鲜血液红细胞内的Hb,利用冷冻干燥法获得结构稳定的Hb固体,测定四组样本的Hb紫外可见吸收光谱和FTIR光谱;利用OMNIC 8.0软件的QC比较分析功能、全光谱特征分析和二级结构分析首次归纳得出健康人Hb的紫外光谱及FTIR光谱。分析显示样本间,四组间Hb紫外可见吸收光谱和FTIR光谱高度相同, FTIR光谱间的匹配度高达95%;所有样本Hb的紫外光谱均有5个特征吸收峰,吸收峰所在位置的吸光度、波长相同; FTIR光谱均有13个特征吸收峰,吸收峰所在位置的吸光度、波数是相同的; Hb紫外吸收光谱显示健康人Hb拥有相同的三级结构, FTIR光谱的特征吸收带AmideⅠ带二阶导数谱匹配度高达99%,其二级结构均由11个子峰构成,组成则以α-螺旋为主。研究得出健康人Hb的紫外可见吸收光谱和FTIR光谱,并通过初步分析得到Hb的光谱学特征和结构特点,有助于研究相关疾病。     

大鼠死后肺脏FTIR光谱变化与死亡时间的关系

应用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱分析大鼠死后肺脏组织随死亡时间推移的化学降解过程,为法医死亡时间推断提供新的研究方法。结果表明,随着死亡时间的推移,大鼠肺脏组织FTIR光谱的主要吸收峰峰位没有明显变化,而其峰高有明显差异：(1)与核酸有关的1080,1241cm-1谱带的峰强呈下降趋势。(2)酰胺Ⅰ(I₁₆₄₇),Ⅱ(I₁₅₄₁)峰强比随死亡时间推移下降。1338和1313cm-1处的吸收峰强略有升高。(3)1460, 1400,1170 cm-1的谱带没有明显变化趋势。(4)死亡72 h后,1120 cm-1处出现新的吸收峰,吸收强度随时间推移逐渐增高;这一结果表明FTIR光谱分析技术有望成为法医死亡时间推断的有效方法。     

良性与恶性多形性腺瘤组织结构的FTIR光谱研究

结合口腔医院临床需要,利用PE公司的Spectrum GX傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,通过对5例良性、4例恶性多形性腺瘤组织的FTIR光谱测试、计算与分析,进行了多形性腺瘤组织结构的FTIR光谱对比研究。测试结果表明： (1)同种性质组织的FTIR光谱表现出了良好的一致性,揭示了吸收峰体现了生物组织的特征红外谱;(2)良性与恶性瘤的FTIR吸收峰峰位及其强度有若干处不同,揭示了恶性肿瘤中蛋白质的酰胺Ⅱ带氢键化程度降低,而脂类的氢键化程度提高;(3)峰高比计算结果表明,良性多形性腺瘤相比,恶性瘤中核酸的含量相对于胶原蛋白的含量增加,脂类的含量相对于蛋白质的含量增加。     

不同分辨率下气体样品傅里叶变换红外光谱的定量分析误差

通过分析牧场附近测量的大气FTIR光谱中NH3在4种分辨率(分别为1、2、4cm-1和8cm-1)下的浓度,系统研究了不同分辨率下气体样品FTIR光谱定量分析的误差。选择72个实测光谱作为研究对象,其中NH3的光程积分浓度(Path-integrated concentration,PIC)分布在40—1300(μmol/mol).m。分析了NH3的最大吸收峰和次大吸收峰的选取对定量的影响。结果表明:选用NH3的次大吸收峰的定量误差更小;在允许的误差范围内(本研究中设为5%),不需要制作校准曲线,通过选用多个浓度适当的参考光谱,直接应用Beer定律仍能实现气体样品的定量分析;并且分辨率越低,定量分析所需的参考光谱数目越多。本研究通过合理选用多个参考光谱,实现了不同分辨率下FTIR光谱的定量分析;既充分利用了Beer定律,又克服了吸光度-浓度在低分辨率下的非线性问题;为不同分辨率下气体样品FTIR光谱的定量分析提供了参考。     

银杏叶黄绿渐变期的FTIR光谱研究

银杏树是古老的稀有树种,其叶、果、花等已广泛用于临床治疗各种疾病。双黄酮作为黄酮的亚类,是银杏叶的主要药效成分之一,在银杏叶中含量丰富且种类较多,是一类具有抗炎、抗氧化、神经保护和心血管保护等多种生物活性的天然多酚类化合物,国内外的相关研究已取得一定进展;银杏叶不同生长季节的独特色彩——春季的翠绿、秋季的金黄为周围环境带来奇妙的视觉享受;其特有的裙边形状引发众多的诗情画意,对银杏叶裙边分叉、黄绿渐变期的不同形态位置进行FTIR光谱研究,银杏叶裙边分叉、黄绿渐变期的不同形态位置FTIR光谱的差异显著,FTIR可以表征不同宏观视觉享受的微观结构,从分子基团层面认识自然界丰富多彩的自然植物形态景观机制提供参考。     

水性涂料施工过程中微观结构的FTIR研究

以市售立邦水性涂料作为研究对象,溶剂水作为变量因子。配制不同水料比的涂料系列样品,分别用FTIR/ATR、FTIR/漫反射光谱表征湿料、涂膜的微观结构特征,湿料抽滤得到的固型物用FTIR/漫反射光谱表征。分析其官能团变化情况,研究施工过程,溶剂对涂膜的影响。结果显示：随着加水量的增加,湿料的FTIR/ATR光谱中,1 727 cm-1对应的羰基吸收峰,逐渐转为肩峰,871 cm-1吸收峰发生蓝移,峰强度逐渐减弱;涂膜的漫反射红外图谱,3 400 cm-1的—OH吸收峰、3 030 cm-1不饱和—CH吸收峰强度逐渐变弱,2 962和2871 cm-1的甲基和亚甲基的吸收峰强度逐渐增强,2 516 cm-1吸收峰位移至2 603 cm-1形成肩峰,1 647 cm-1吸收峰逐渐位移至1 455 cm-1,1 107 cm-1对应的C—O伸缩振动吸收峰发生红移。在水性涂料施工过程中,溶剂水与涂料分子间存在相互作用,对涂层分子中电子云的密度分布有显著的影响,此结果对涂料的生产及施工有参考意义。     

基于FTIR,FT-Raman的脱毒繁育和硫磺熏制祁菊花的药用成分分析研究和光谱表征

采用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)和拉曼(FT-Raman)光谱技术直接、快速地测定了脱毒繁育和硫磺熏制的三组不同祁菊花样品有效药用成分及含量的变化。对所测样品的FTIR,FT-Raman光谱进行分析对比,结果表明,三组祁菊花样品的FTIR光谱在1 800~500cm-1区间多个红外吸收峰的强度存在明显差异,特征峰形状也略有差异。FT-Raman谱特征峰的形状有明显差异。FTIR和FT-Raman谱直观地反映出茎尖脱毒繁育会使祁菊花的挥发油、黄酮类物质等药用成分含量升高,硫磺熏制使其减少。FTIR和FT-Raman光谱技术为检测脱毒繁育及硫磺熏制引起祁菊花有效药用成分的变化建立科学依据,也为检测其物质成分含量提供一种有效方法。     

铷蒸气Λ-型系统中的受激Raman谱与光泵效应

从理论和实验上研究了⁸⁵Rb 原子蒸气D1线系统中的受激Raman现象. 在Λ-型能级系统中, 抽运光对弱探测光的影响有两部分: 受激Raman激发和光泵效应. 在一定的抽运光强度和失谐量条件下, 受激Raman谱表现为增益谱或损耗谱; 以光泵效应导致的吸收谱为背景时, 便分别形成了窄线宽透明窗口或线宽差异很大的吸收双线. 理论模拟和实验结果基本符合. 基于这些研究, 从新的角度阐述了在Λ-型系统中的电磁感应透明和Autler-Townes分裂这两个重要现象与受激Raman谱之间的关系. 关键词： 受激Raman谱 光泵效应 电磁感应透明 吸收双线     

结直肠癌患者血清FTIR光谱的初步研究

对31例结直肠癌患者、8例肠炎患者和10例健康者的血清冻干粉标本进行傅里叶变换红外光谱(fourier transformation infrared spectrum, FTIR)检测,对比分析各组红外光谱特征。结果显示,FTIR检测血清冻干粉获得11个吸收峰,结直肠癌组P9峰位波数蓝移(1 249 cm-1),差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.051, p<0.05);5个吸光度比值组间差异无统计学意义;层序聚类分析法(hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA)显示结直肠癌个体红外光谱具有一定程度的聚类特性;对酰胺Ⅰ带光谱(1 700～1 600 cm-1)进行傅里叶解卷积等处理获得蛋白二级结构的百分含量,组间差异无统计学意义。研究结果初步提供了血清FTIR光谱用于结直肠癌早期诊断的理论依据。     

电化学方法制备ZnO纳米颗粒掺杂类金刚石薄膜及其场发射性能研究

采用液相电化学沉积技术制备了ZnO纳米颗粒掺杂的类金刚石(DLC)薄膜, 研究了ZnO纳米颗粒掺杂对DLC薄膜场发射性能的影响. 利用X射线光电子能谱、透射电子显微镜、Raman光谱以及原子力显微镜分别对薄膜的化学组成、 微观结构和表面形貌进行了表征. 结果表明: 薄膜中的ZnO纳米颗粒具有纤锌矿结构, 其含量随着电解液中Zn源的增加而增加. ZnO纳米颗粒掺杂增强了DLC薄膜的石墨化和表面粗糙度. 场发射测试表明, ZnO纳米颗粒掺杂能提高DLC薄膜的场发射性能, 其中Zn与Zn+C的原子比为10.3%的样品在外加电场强度为20.7 V/μm时电流密度达到了1 mA/cm². 薄膜场发射性能的提高归因于ZnO掺杂引起的表面粗糙度和DLC薄膜石墨化程度的增加.     

The Uniform Si-O Coating on Cotton Fibers by an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment

A uniform Si-O coating on cotton fabric was produced at atmospheric pressure by a plasma treatment. Before the plasma discharge, a pretreatment with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO)-ethanol mixture solvents on the fabric was employed. The surface morphology and chemical structure of the plasma-treated fibers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The SEM results showed that a uniform, continuous film was formed on the cotton fiber surface. It was much rougher than the uncoated fiber. The FTIR results showed that the coatings contained most of the Si-O functional groups. These Si-O bonds, broken from the Si-O-Si functional groups by the plasma electron impact, had connected with the cellulose by chemical bonds of Si-O-Cellulose. XRD patterns revealed the existence of a crystalline structure within the thin coating film. The UV-vis transmission of the cotton textile was greatly reduced by such coatings.     

栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫寄主选择机制的光谱学研究

栎黄枯叶蛾(Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang)是一种多寄主林业害虫,在我国常造成多种经济作物的减产甚至绝收。为了对栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫的寄主选择机制进行深入了解,该研究在室内条件下,选取刺槐、柠条、旱柳、山杨、山杏和沙棘六种植物,采用双向选择实验方法,研究了栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫对六种植物的取食偏好性。并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对六种供选植物的化学成分和物理结构进行了光谱学研究。研究结果表明,当寄主沙棘与山杏、山杨、旱柳、柠条、刺槐存在时,幼虫比较倾向于选择沙棘。栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫对六种植物的取食偏好性的顺序依次为：沙棘>山杏>旱柳>山杨>刺槐>柠条。FTIR谱图显示,六种植物在光谱特征吸收峰的位置、数目及形状上基本相似,差异不明显。通过对三个FTIR吸光度比率的分析后发现：植物中的脂类和多糖含量是影响幼虫取食选择的关键因素。通过XRD检测,测得了六种供试植物的结晶度。通过对结晶度变化趋势和幼虫取食偏好性的对比发现：结晶度可能一定程度上影响植物的适口性,进而影响了幼虫对寄主植物的取食偏好。该研究是光谱学分析方法首次应用于昆虫寄主选择机制的研究,将为深入研究昆虫与植物在分子层面上的互相影响开辟蹊径。     

Environmentally friendly surface modification of silk fiber: Chitosan grafting and dyeing

In this paper, the surface modification of silk fiber using anhydrides to graft the polysaccharide chitosan and dyeing ability of the grafted silk were studied. Silk fiber was degummed and acylated with two anhydrides, succinic anhydride (SA) and phthalic anhydride (PA), in different solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF)). The effects of anhydrides, solvents, anhydride concentration, liquor ratio (L:R) and reaction time on acylation of silk were studied. The polysaccharide chitosan was grafted to the acylated silk fiber and dyed by acid dye (Acid Black NB.B). The effects of pH, chitosan concentration, and reaction time on chitosan grafting of acylated silk were investigated. The physical properties show sensible changes regardless of weight gain. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the presence of foreign materials firmly attached to the surface of silk. FTIR spectroscopy provided evidence that chitosan was grafted onto the acylated silk through the formation of new covalent bonds. The dyeing of the chitosan grafted-acylated silk fiber indicated the higher dye ability in comparison to the acylated and degummed silk samples. The mechanism of chitosan grafting over degummed silk through anhydride linkage was proposed. The findings of this research support the potential production of new environmentally friendly textile fibers. It is worthwhile to mention that the grafted samples have antibacterial potential due to the antibacterial property of chitosan molecules.     

Effects of relative positioning of energy sources on weld integrity for hybrid laser arc welding

This study is concerned with the effects of laser and arc arrangement on weld integrity for the hybrid laser arc welding processes. Experiments were conducted for a high-strength steel using a 4 kW Nd: YAG laser and a metal active gas (MAG) welding facility under two configurations of arc–laser hybrid welding (ALHW) and laser–arc hybrid welding (LAHW). Metallographic analysis and mechanical testing were performed to evaluate the weld integrity in terms of weld bead geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties. The morphology of the weld bead cross-section was studied and the typical macrostructure of the weld beads appeared to be cone-shaped and cocktail cup-shaped under ALHW and LAHW configurations, respectively. The weld integrity attributes of microstructure, phase constituents and microhardness were analyzed for different weld regions. The tensile and impact tests were performed and fracture surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The study showed that ALHW produced joints with a better weld shape and a more uniform microstructure of lath martensite, while LAHW weld had a heterogeneous structure of lath martensite and austenite.     

Deformation analysis of ferrite/pearlite banded structure under uniaxial tension using digital image correlation

The ferrite/pearlite banded structure causes the anisotropic behavior of steel. In this paper, digital image correlation (DIC) was used to analyze the micro deformation of this microstructure under uniaxial tension. The reliability of DIC for this application was verified by a zero-deformation experiment. The results show that the performance of DIC can satisfy the requirements of the tensile deformation measurement. Then, two uniaxial tensile tests in different directions (longitudinal direction and transverse direction) were carried out and DIC was used to measure the micro deformation of the ferrite/pearlite banded structure. The measured results show that the ferrite bands undergo the main deformation in the transverse tension, which results in the relatively weaker tensile properties in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction. This work is useful to guide the modification of the bands morphology and extend the application scope of DIC.     

红外光谱在纤维质文物材料鉴别中的应用研究

纺织纤维和纸张纤维是常见纤维质文物材料,是构成博物馆精美文物如服饰手稿书画的基本材料,近年来寻求通过无损或微损方法对这一类材料的鉴别以及劣化状况评价备受文物鉴赏家和文物保护工作者的关注。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱,研究博物馆常见纺织纤维材料棉、麻、桑蚕丝、柞蚕丝、羊毛的红外光谱特征和它们的分子结构组成异同,研究传统纸纤维稻草、麦草、龙须草、龙旗松、桑皮红外光谱特征。结果表明：衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱无损分析技术可通过比较3 300～2 800 cm-1 CH,NH,OH振动区间光谱形状以及指纹区峰位以区别不同种类纺织品纤维;碳氧振动纸张纤维最明显光谱差异位置出现在与纤维素OH伸缩振动相关波数3 300 cm-1和与C—O—C相关波数1 332,1 203,1 050 cm-1。文章探索研究红外光谱技术结合主成分分析法在快速鉴别纤维材料中的应用。通过对全光谱数据多元散射校正(MSC)预处理后进行主成分分析,可以把红外光谱十分相似的纺织纤维棉和亚麻、桑蚕丝和柞蚕丝明显分类;对光谱相似的纸纤维,可采用选择不同光谱波数段进行主成分分析,比较发现能够把五种纸纤维明显区分的光谱区间为3 800～2 800 cm-1。本研究为分子光谱无损分析技术应用于文物材料鉴别、科学评估纤维材料保存状况提供基础研究。     

Multifractal analysis of the tensile fracture morphology of polyvinylidene chloride/glass fiber composite

In the present work, the building panel of glass fiber reinforced polyvinylidene chloride composite was prepared and the tensile fracture surfaces of the composites were investigated by the box-counting method of multifractal theory. It suggested that the tensile fracture surface of polyvinylidene chloride/glass fiber (PVDC/GF) composite exhibits multifractal features and the tensile fracture surface morphology of the composite have a strong dependence on the mechanical properties. The results showed that the variation of glass fiber content would lead to the change of mechanical properties, which were responsible for the tensile fracture morphology of PVDC/GF composite. Consequently, the gray value distribution characterizing the surface morphology on the tensile fracture surface would become more non-uniform or less due to this change. The multifractal spectrum could correspondingly mirror this variation according to multifractal methodology. It indicated that the width in multifractal spectrum is sensitive to the morphology of the tensile fractured surface. It is concluded that the multifractal spectrum is the result of the change in mechanical properties of the composites. Additionally, it also suggested that the tensile fracture of the composite is the result of the competition between ductile fracture and brittle fracture by comparing the multifractal spectra and the multifractal spectra would correspondingly change due to this competition. The more the percentage of ductile fracture is, the more rough the fracture surface, the larger the width in the multifractal spectrum. Therefore, it is thought that the multifractal spectrum could feature the rough morphology of the tensile fractured surface and the mechanical properties quantitatively.     

Effect of Phase Arrangement on Solid State Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyamide 6/Polylactide Based Co-polyester Blends

The main goal of this work is to correlate morphological parameters of the binary blend of polyamide 6 (PA6) and a polylactide (PLA) based biodegradable co-polyester blend (BioFlex) (scanning electron microscopy, solvent extraction method) with the solid-state mechanical properties (stress strain analysis) as well as thermal (differential scanning calorimetry) and selected physico-chemical characteristics (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and water uptake analysis). The blends of PA6/BioFlex were prepared in ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 75/25, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, 25/75, 10/90 and 0/100 in wt.%. The occurrence of co-continuous morphology was observed within the range of 40 to 60 wt.% of BioFlex. Furthermore, the results show that the co-continuous morphology of PA6/BioFlex blends significantly affected both tensile (E modulus) and thermal properties (melting enthalpy) of the blends. In the case of the tensile properties, the effect of the morphological arrangement was strongly dependent on the deformation range. The presence of BioFlex in the blends reduced the crystallizability of PA6 noticeably. Co-continuous structure formation was observed to have a significant effect on the melting enthalpy of the blend. Composition morphology dependent responses were observed in the case of the FTIR and water uptake studies.     

The role of interface modification on the mechanical properties of injection-moulded composites from commingled polypropylene/banana granules

Commingled polypropylene (PP)/banana granules were fabricated from slivers by mixing PP fibers and banana fibers by textile equipment. By twisting the sliver, the reinforcing fibers were compacted and bonded with the molten matrix material. PP/banana composites were prepared from commingled PP/banana granules by injection moulding method with special reference to the effect of maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAH-PP) concentration. The mechanical properties of the composites were found to depend on the concentration of MAH-PP. The tensile and flexural properties of the composites increased with the addition of MAH-PP up to 2 wt%. After 2 wt% addition of MAH-PP, these properties tend to be stabilized. On the other hand the unmodified composites showed the maximum impact strength. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis of the MAH-PP modified composites showed evidence of a chemical bridge between the hydroxyl group of the banana fiber and maleic anhydride of the MAH-PP through an esterification reaction. The feature peak of the esterification occurred in the range ～ 1743 cm^?1. In order to confirm the esterfication reaction further, FTIR spectra of the banana microfibrils and MAH-PP modified PP/banana microfibril composites were taken and compared. The tensile fracture surfaces of the unmodified and MAH-PP modified PP/banana composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An improvement in adhesion between the fiber and the matrix was observed in the case of MAH-PP modified composites. Two different processing methods, both injection and compression mouldings were performed to prepare the PP/banana composites. Tensile properties of the composites prepared by these two methods were compared. The enhancement of tensile properties for injection-moulded composites compared to the compression-moulded composites is owing to the occurrence of orientation, better mixing and interaction between the fiber and the matrix during injection moulding. Finally, experimental results of the tensile properties of the injection-moulded composites have been compared with theoretical predictions.     

Effect of fiber content and surface treatment on the mechanical properties of natural fiber composites produced by rotomolding

In this study, natural fibers (agave, coir, and pine) were surface treated with maleated polyethylene (MAPE) with two main objectives: (1) to improve the mechanical properties of natural fiber composites produced by rotational molding and (2) to increase the fiber content in the composite. The rotomolded composites were produced at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% wt. of fiber contents (treated or untreated) and characterized in terms of morphology and mechanical properties (hardness, impact, tension, and flexion). The results showed that MAPE surface treatment was more successful for agave and coir than for pine fibers due to their respective chemical composition. In general, surface treatment led to better fiber distribution and a more uniform composite morphology allowing the possibility to use higher fiber contents in rotational molding. At low fiber contents (10 and 20% wt.), the mechanical properties were improved using treated fiber composites (TFC) compared to the neat polymer and untreated fiber composites (UFC). Although the mechanical properties of TFC decreased at high fiber contents (30 and 40% wt.), they were substantially higher (about 160, 400, and 100% for impact, tensile, and flexural properties, respectively) than for UFC.