基于平场光栅的稀疏约束鬼成像高光谱相机

基于稀疏约束的鬼成像光谱相机,能够通过单次曝光获得目标场景的三维空间光谱数据立方体。但是由于不同波长的散斑场在探测器的同一位置处,使得仪器的光谱分辨率和信噪比受到限制。为了解决上述问题,提出了利用平场光栅分光将不同波长的光场在探测面上错开一定距离的系统,实现了基于平场光栅的稀疏约束鬼成像高光谱相机。通过对系统成像过程的理论推导,得到了系统的关联函数,并通过实验和数值模拟验证了理论推导结果。在保证原先光谱相机优点的同时,基于稀疏约束的鬼成像高光谱相机可以分别调控光谱分辨率和空间分辨率,实现可控的信噪比。此外,还能够根据不同波长的光场特性来优化测量矩阵,从而提高图像恢复质量。     

基于水下成像系统模型的水下图像超分辨率重建技术研究

水下成像技术在诸多领域获得了越来越多的应用,然而由于受到成像器件参数、水体特性等成像系统参数的影响,水下图像的分辨率普遍较低、像质较差。基于包括点扩散函数、衍射极限等水下成像系统模型的图像超分辨率重建技术,能够在提高图像分辨率的同时增强图像质量。为了尽可能提高图像分辨率,建立了基于光束传播理论的超分辨率成像模型,并将其应用于水下脉冲激光距离选通成像结果图像的超分辨率重构。重构实验的结果表明,所提出的方法可以有效地提高水下成像的分辨率和质量。     

自适应多光谱光声成像技术研究

光声成像技术是利用激光照射组织产生超声波成像的新型医学影像技术.在传统光声成像中,由于组织体内复杂的成分与环境会对入射光波产生较大的扰动而导致波前畸变、图像分辨率下降,从而降低诊断的准确性.为了克服这一影响,本文提出了一种自适应多光谱光声成像技术.该技术利用自适应光学技术可有效地降低组织对光波扰动的影响,提高系统成像分辨率与图像对比度.此外,该系统还融合了多光谱成像技术,可在多种波长下对目标成像,从而更好地进行组织结构识别、组分分析等.实验结果表明,该系统十分适用于复杂的生物组织光声成像,可极大地增强光声成像性能,在生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

瞬时浓度场的激光片光测量研究

根据粒子的光散射、散斑成像理论,建立了两相流动粒子相对数量浓度与粒子散斑图像强度之间的线性关系, 通过数字图像分析和处理技术进行污染扩散相对瞬时全场浓度的测量。利用粒子散斑成像测量原理自行设计了大范围瞬时浓度场测量系统,并利用该系统对烟雾扩散的瞬时浓度场进行了实际测量。     

气液两相流速度及粒径分布激光干涉测量方法的研究

为了实现对气液两相流的粒子粒径、空间分布及其速度测量。对激光干涉气液两相流测量技术（ILIDS）进行了深入研究,该技术是一种应州于气液两相流测量的新技术,其主要优点是不干扰流场和颗粒粒径、位置测量精度高。基于该技术所开发的图像自动处理方法可以利用普通粒子成像测量技术系统拍摄气液两相流的激光散射干涉图像。并利用图像卷积定位、傅里叶变换频率分析及其图像互相关测速等图像处理手段从干涉图像中自动提取粒子的位置、直径和速度信息。为了验证该方法的测量精度,对喷嘴生成的气水两相流进行了测量实验,得到了喷嘴出口处不同区域的粒径、速度矢量的空间分布,并将测得的速度矢量与用粒子成像测量技术方法测得的结果进行对比,证明两种方法测量的平均速度差别仅为0．38％。     

基于光时分复用技术的高速成像系统北大核心CSCD

提出了一种基于光时分复用技术的高速成像系统。飞秒激光器中心波长1557nm,脉冲宽度90fs,对USAF-1951分辨率板线性扫描成像,扫描频率为38.88 MHz。在连续时间序列编码放大显微成像技术的基础上,运用光时分复用技术,复制光脉冲信号并携带检测物体相同的空间信息。原光脉冲和复制光脉冲以相同的采样率分别采样,通过相应的数据处理将两次采样数据整合在一起还原图像。实验结果表明,与传统的超快成像方法相比,成像系统利用10GHz的数字采样设备可以达到20GHz的采样率,采样点数是传统超快成像方法的两倍。该方法有效克服了成像系统采样率不足的问题,提高了成像系统的空间分辨率。与此同时,该系统算法复杂程度不高,有利于进一步促进超高速成像技术的发展。     

遥感干涉超光谱图像压缩编码

基于卫星干涉超光谱成像光谱仪成像原理的分析,提出了一种新的遥感超光谱图像压缩方案，利用成像推扫平移特性提出一种低存储量，帧间小波域匹配的序列压缩，只需存储两帧图像，比起单帧处理提高图像PSNR 3-4dB.为了保护图像的光谱特征，系统采用了一种新的感兴趣区域（Region of interest, ROI） 编码技术，使系统的压缩比提高8倍以上.该感兴趣区域（ROI）编码采用率失真优化斜率提升，而不是比特平面移位，使图像在相同的光谱分辨率下拥有更好的空间分辨率.试验数据表明，算法大大保护了图像的光谱特性，在8倍压缩比情况时，满足卫星干涉超光谱遥感图像要求.     

基于声光可调谐滤光器的显微光谱成像技术

为了解决传统声光可调谐滤光器(AOTF)成像模糊的缺点,设计了一种新的AOTF。该器件通过在传统的AOTF的出射孔后面放置一个自行设计的等边色散棱镜来实现对衍射光的色散展宽进行补偿,明显地提高了成像的对比度和空间分辨率。将此器件附加在传统光学显微镜上,获得了一种新型的光谱显微成像仪器。其光谱分辨率在575nm波长处为4.2nm、成像空间分辨率为2μm、图像采集速度为毫秒量级。为基于AOTF的光谱成像技术在生物医学等领域的更广泛的应用奠定了基础。     

基于激光片光成像的脉冲防暴水炮粒度测量

根据PIVS方法,搭建了适用于脉冲射流的粒度测量系统,提出了相应的粒度测量算法.利用计算机生成的标准粒子图像,进行了算法验证.分别利用该系统和激光粒度仪对小型喷壶的稳态流场进行了比较测量.结果表明:该系统能够得到瞬时粒度图像,可以实现非稳态流场的粒度测量.     

基于太赫兹时域光谱技术的伪色彩太赫兹成像的实验研究

提出了一种伪色彩太赫兹成像技术. 通过引入频域色彩区间积分, 建立了一套基于太赫兹时域光谱技术的伪色彩太赫兹成像系统, 实验分别研究了乳糖和对氨基苯甲酸两种不同白色化学粉末的伪色彩成像和灰度成像, 研究了不同颜色区间定义对伪色彩图像的影响, 讨论了利用不同频率信息成像系统所能达到的空间分辨率. 研究结果表明, 伪色彩成像技术可以将不同的物质信息同时成像在一张太赫兹图像中, 通过不同物质在太赫兹图像中呈现出的颜色差别来区分不同的物质及其分布. 克服了传统的太赫兹灰度成像技术中, 需要多张图像来区分不同的物质的问题, 提高了成像速度, 降低了筛选难度. 利用高频信息进行伪色彩成像, 可以将系统成像的空间分辨率提高到0.4 mm. 伪色彩成像方式可以更直观快捷地显示样品的基本属性, 对于实现太赫兹安检的初检和快速筛选具有重大的现实意义.     

Application of DPIV to study both steady state and transient turbomachinery flows

Digital particle imaging velocimetry (DPIV) is a powerful measurement technique, which can be used as an alternative or complementary approach to laser doppler velocimetry (LDV) in a wide range of research applications. The instantaneous planar velocity measurements obtained with PIV make it an attractive technique for use in the study of the complex flow fields encountered in turbomachinery. The planar nature of the technique also significantly reduces the facility run time over point-based techniques. Techniques for optical access, light sheet delivery, CCD camera technology and particulate seeding are discussed. Results from the successful application of the PIV technique to both the blade passage region of a transonic axial compressor and the diffuser region of a high speed centrifugal compressor are presented. Both instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields were obtained. The averaged flow field measurements are used to estimate the flow turbulence intensity. The instantaneous velocity vector maps obtained during compressor surge provide previously unobtainable insight into the complex flow field characteristics occurring during short lived surge events. These flow field maps illustrate the true power of the DPIV technique.     

Time‐resolved X‐ray PIV technique for diagnosing opaque biofluid flow with insufficient X‐ray fluxes

X‐ray imaging is used to visualize the biofluid flow phenomena in a nondestructive manner. A technique currently used for quantitative visualization is X‐ray particle image velocimetry (PIV). Although this technique provides a high spatial resolution (less than 10 µm), significant hemodynamic parameters are difficult to obtain under actual physiological conditions because of the limited temporal resolution of the technique, which in turn is due to the relatively long exposure time (～10 ms) involved in X‐ray imaging. This study combines an image intensifier with a high‐speed camera to reduce exposure time, thereby improving temporal resolution. The image intensifier amplifies light flux by emitting secondary electrons in the micro‐channel plate. The increased incident light flux greatly reduces the exposure time (below 200 µs). The proposed X‐ray PIV system was applied to high‐speed blood flows in a tube, and the velocity field information was successfully obtained. The time‐resolved X‐ray PIV system can be employed to investigate blood flows at beamlines with insufficient X‐ray fluxes under specific physiological conditions. This method facilitates understanding of the basic hemodynamic characteristics and pathological mechanism of cardiovascular diseases.     

Simultaneous density and velocity measurements in a supersonic turbulent boundary layer

A novel technique for simultaneous measurements of instantaneous whole-field density and velocity fields of supersonic flows has been developed.The density measurement is performed based on the nano-tracer planar laser scattering(NPLS) technique,while the velocity measurement is carried out using particle image velocimetry(PIV).The present experimental technique has been applied to a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer at Mach 3,and the measurement accuracy of the density and velocity are discussed.Based on this new technique,the Reynolds stress distributions were also obtained,demonstrating that this is an effective means for measuring Reynolds stresses under compressible conditions.     

Investigation on the flow characteristics inside an automotive HVAC system with varying ventilation mode

The ventilation flow in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) module of a passenger car was investigated experimentally. Three different ventilation modes with varying temperature mode were tested to study the effect of ventilation mode on the velocity field inside the HVAC module. For each mode, more than 450 instantaneous velocity fields were measured using a particle image velocimetry (PIV) velocity field measurement technique. The instantaneous velocity fields were ensemble averaged to obtain the spatial distribution of mean velocity and spanwise vorticity. The present work highlights the usefulness of the PIV technique for the analysis of the flow inside an HVAC module. The experimental results can be used not only to understand and improve the ventilation flow of an HVAC module but also to validate numerical predictions.     

An image-shifting technique based on grey-scale classification for particle image velocimetry

The image-shifting techniques are used to overcome the directional ambiguity of particle image displacement in the measurement of particle image velocimetry (PIV). This paper proposes an image-shifting technique based on grey-scale classification for PIV. By calculating the unified grey-scale statistical frequency of each interrogated unit, the directional ambiguity is resolved without any special requirement of the camera, and the particle image displacement is calculated synchronously. This image-shifting technique can be realized by controlling the difference in the light intensity of two lasers. Using this new technique, a PIV system was developed and used to measure the diesel spray flow. The displacement vector map of fuel particle in the spray flow was obtained, and the structure of the spray flow was investigated. The application confirmed that the image-shifting technique is viable and effective.     

Simultaneous flow field and fuel concentration imaging at 4.8 kHz in an operating engine

High-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) techniques are combined to acquire flow field and fuel concentration in a spray-guided spark-ignited direct-injection (SG-SIDI) engine under motored and fired operation. This is a crucial step to enable studies that seek correlations between marginal engine operation (misfires or partial burns) and local, instantaneous mixture and flow conditions. Correlated flow and fuel data are extracted from a 4 mm×4 mm sub-region directly downstream the spark plug to characterize the in-cylinder conditions next to the spark plug during the spray and ignition event. Values of equivalence ratio, velocity magnitude, shear strain rate, and vorticity all increase during the spray event and decrease an order of magnitude during the duration of the spark event.     

Flow measurement in a transonic centrifugal impeller Using a PIV

Laser velocimetries, such as LDV or laser-2-focus (L2F) velocimetry, have been widely used for a flow measurement in a high-speed rotating impeller. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) is one of the popular velocity measurement techniques for the ability to measure a velocity field. And a PIV offers an extensive velocity field in an extremely shorter measurement time than the laser velocimetries. In the present experiment, a PIV was applied to a flow measurement in a transonic centrifugal impeller. A phase locked measurement technique every 20% blade pitch was performed to obtain a velocity field over one blade pitch of the inducer. The measured velocity field at the inducer of impeller clearly showed a shock wave generated on the suction surface of a blade. The validity of the present technique was also discussed.     

Sustained simultaneous high-speed imaging of scalar and velocity fields using a single laser

A high-speed technique that combines planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) detection of biacetyl and particle image velocimetry (PIV) for simultaneous imaging of scalar and velocity fields is demonstrated at a frame rate of 12 kHz for up to 32500 consecutive frames. A single diode-pumped, frequency-tripled Nd-YAG laser was used for excitation. Wavelength-separated recording was achieved for Mie scattering from silicone oil droplets with a CMOS camera and for the red-shifted fluorescence from biacetyl with an image-intensified CMOS camera. Interference between PIV and PLIF tracers was found to be negligible. Cross-talk between PIV and PLIF signals was low and a strategy to completely eliminate it was devised and is discussed. The signal-to-noise ratio is about 9 for single-shot scalar images. Example image sequences were recorded in an atmospheric pressure air jet at Re=2000. PACS 42.62.Fi; 33.50.Dq; 06.30.Gv; 06.60.Jn     

粒子图象测速技术在内燃机缸内流场研究中的应用

本文应用粒子图象测速技术（PIV）对内燃机压缩过程中的缸内流场进行了实验研究。开发的实验装置可真实模拟内燃机的进气、压缩和膨胀行程，并且适于开设大窗口以测取大区域的全场速度分布。开发建立的PIV拍摄及数据处理系统实现了对瞬态全场流动参数的较精确的测量处理，可直观地给出流场中的涡流特征。文中有部分结果实例。