日光灯气体放电是辉光放电还是弧光放电

从气体放电机理出发,对日光灯气体放电究竟是辉光放电还是弧光放电的问题作了简要讨论,得出了日光灯中气体放电应是弧光放电的结论．     

介质阻挡放电中单个新型放电丝放电特征和光谱测量

在放电间隙较大(d=3.8 mm)的介质阻挡放电(DBD)中, 通过减小放电区域(S=1 cm×1 cm), 首次观察到了单个新型放电丝。与其他实验小组所观察到的单个放电丝相比, 该单个新型放电丝由体放电(VD)和沿面放电(SD)二部分构成, 其放电稳定性和持续性极好。利用高速照相机和光谱仪, 研究了单个新型放电丝在外加电压半周期单次放电中的放电特征和单个新型放电丝侧面放电柱不同位置的等离子体状态。在高速照相机不同曝光时间条件下拍摄得到了单个新型放电丝端面和侧面放电的瞬时照片, 并对其外加电压半周期单次放电的放电特征与辉光放电进行了对比。利用发射光谱法, 采集了单个新型放电丝侧面放电柱不同位置的氩原子763.26 nm(2P6→1S5)和772.13 nm(2P2→1S3)发射谱线, 并通过两条谱线强度比法, 估算出了相应的电子激发温度。实验结果得出: 单个新型放电丝由体放电和沿面放电构成, 且沿面放电在体放电四周呈枝状扩散;单个新型放电丝在外加电压半周期单次放电中与辉光放电特征相似, 且在阴极呈现出漏斗状放电;氩原子谱线强度及其相应的电子激发温度从极板两端到中间均呈减小的变化趋势, 表明单个新型放电丝侧面放电柱不同位置的等离子体状态不同。     

介质阻挡放电中单个新型放电丝放电特征和光谱测量

在放电间隙较大(d=3.8 mm)的介质阻挡放电(DBD)中,通过减小放电区域(S=1 cm×1 cm),首次观察到了单个新型放电丝。与其他实验小组所观察到的单个放电丝相比,该单个新型放电丝由体放电(VD)和沿面放电(SD)二部分构成,其放电稳定性和持续性极好。利用高速照相机和光谱仪,研究了单个新型放电丝在外加电压半周期单次放电中的放电特征和单个新型放电丝侧面放电柱不同位置的等离子体状态。在高速照相机不同曝光时间条件下拍摄得到了单个新型放电丝端面和侧面放电的瞬时照片,并对其外加电压半周期单次放电的放电特征与辉光放电进行了对比。利用发射光谱法,采集了单个新型放电丝侧面放电柱不同位置的氩原子763.26 nm(2P₆→1S₅)和772.13 nm(2P₂→1S₃)发射谱线,并通过两条谱线强度比法,估算出了相应的电子激发温度。实验结果得出：单个新型放电丝由体放电和沿面放电构成,且沿面放电在体放电四周呈枝状扩散;单个新型放电丝在外加电压半周期单次放电中与辉光放电特征相似,且在阴极呈现出漏斗状放电;氩原子谱线强度及其相应的电子激发温度从极板两端到中间均呈减小的变化趋势,表明单个新型放电丝侧面放电柱不同位置的等离子体状态不同。     

介质阻挡放电中体放电和沿面放电的光谱线形研究

在放电间隙较大的介质阻挡放电中,利用高速照相机,同时观察到了体放电(VD)和沿面放电(SD)。采用光谱法,研究了VD和SD的光谱线形随放电参数的变化。在氩气介质阻挡放电中,测量了VD和SD的Ar Ⅰ(2P₂→1S₅)谱线展宽和频移随气压及放电间隙的变化。结果发现：SD的展宽和频移均比VD的大,说明SD的电子密度高于VD的电子密度;随着压强从40 kPa增大到60 kPa,VD和SD的谱线展宽及频移均增加,表明它们的电子密度均随压强的增大而升高;随着d值从3.8 mm增大到4.4 mm,VD和SD的谱线展宽也增加,反映它们的电子密度均随d值的增大而增加。     

水中高压放电的二次放电现象

通过测量水中铜丝电爆炸的电流、电压波形发现水中高压放电存在着二次放电现象.利用高速摄影拍摄了二次放电过程的高速阴影和高速扫描照片.直观的图象证实了这一奇特的放电现象的存在.比较了二次放电与一次放电的不同并简要分析了原因 关键词： 高压放电 等离子体 高速摄影     

电晕放电与介质阻挡放电等离子体简介

 等离子体(Plasma)是在宏观尺度内维持电中性的非凝聚系统,又被称为物质第四态。Plasma源于希腊语πλασμα,原意是能够成型的东西,生物学上作原生质讲。1927年,朗缪尔(I.Langmuir)最先引入等离子体(Plasma)这个术语,并在两年后与唐克斯(L.Tonks)一起给等离子体赋予电离气体的涵义。其主要特征是:体系内除了单个分子间的弹性碰撞外,还发生大量的使分子处于激发量子态的非弹性碰撞;粒子间存在长程库仑力,导致带电粒子群的集体效应;等离子体的运动与电磁场的运动紧密耦合。按其体系温度,等离子体可分为高温等离子体和低温等离子体两大类。     

脉冲放电射流辅助射频辉光放电研究

通过实验研究了脉冲放电射流辅助下大气压氦气射频辉光放电的电学和光学特性。采用组合电极结构,在射频放电前段增加脉冲电极,脉冲放电产生的射流以等离子体子弹形式注入射频放电区域,主要研究脉冲射流辅助射频放电的电流电压曲线、最低放电维持电压、放电强度和空间结构时空分布。研究结果表明:等离子体子弹经过射频放电区域后,由于等离子体子弹引入的活性粒子,会使射频放电区域等离子体强度增强;而射频放电最低维持电压也从0.93 kV降低至0.43 kV。     

水中介质阻挡放电空气等离子体的放电特性

利用针-板式介质阻挡放电电极结构,直接在水中产生了空气等离子体,并对其进行了电气参量和等离子体参量诊断.实验结果表明:位移电流在总电流中占据的比重非常小,有效功率、气体温度、电子密度随峰值电压的增大几乎线性地增大.当峰值电压从12kV增大到15kV时,有效功率最大值约30W,气体温度从728K增大到了843K,电子密度从5.05×10~(14) cm~(-3)增大到9.33×10~(14) cm~(-3).另外,空气等离子体中存在H_α~*,H_β~*,O~*,OH~*,N_2~*以及N_2~+等多种活性粒子.     

介质阻挡放电的电子密度及放电均匀性

建立介质阻挡放电实验系统,研究大气压下外加放电峰值电压和气体组分对气体放电效果的影响.实验研究表明,提高外加放电峰值电压,电子密度明显增加;添加氢气后,观察到明显的潘宁效应,并得出了大气压下获得气体均匀放电的途径.     

高功率放电泵浦KrF激光器放电及输出特性研究

介绍了一台工作于振荡器状态下的高功率放电泵浦KrF准分子激光器的放电工作特性,研究了影响激光输出参量的若干因素。通过计算和实验,在国内首次实现了体积大于85cm×3cm×1.3cm的KrF激光气体放电,单脉冲激光输出能量超过130mJ,给出了详细的实验结果并深入讨论分析了有关的物理机制。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.