分子链大尺度高取向而小尺度接近无规取向态的非晶态聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯膜片

对非晶态聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯膜片经在Ｔｇ以上单轴拉伸然后淬冷至室温的试样，其物理性质的各向同性或各向异性进行了研究．实验结果说明这种分子链大尺度高度取向而小尺度接近无规取向的非晶态（ＧＯＬＲ态）其折光指数和小形变的拉伸模量是接近各向同性的，而热导率和微波介电常数很可能是各向异性的．     

POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE FILMS IN THE STATE OF HIGH GLOBAL CHAIN ORIENTATION BUT NEARLY RANDOM SEGMENTAL ORIENTATION*

PMMA films in the high global chain orientation and nearly random segmental orientation(GOLR) state were prepared by uni-axially drawing at temperatures 20～30℃ above its glass transitiontempefature, T_g, and their isotropic and anisotropic properties were studied. Experimental results show thatthis kind of amorphous state, the GOLR state, is nearly isotropic in optical birefringence, IR-dichroism andX-ray diffraction patterns, but is very anisotropic in behaviors of thermal expansion, solvent-swelling andstress-strain.     

分子链大尺度高度取向小尺度接近无规取向态的无规聚苯乙烯

在Ｔｇ以上３０℃对无规聚苯乙烯（ａ ＰＳ）薄膜进行了热拉伸，然后用各种实验方法测定的结果表明，该试样在红外二向色性，光学双折射及广角Ｘ 光衍射（ＷＡＸＤ）方面表现出各向同性；但是在热膨胀、溶剂溶胀以及应力 应变行为方面表现出显著的各向异性．以上结果表明，该试样小区域基本上无取向，而各向异性的性质是和试样中存在的大区域取向相联系的．     

大区域取向对非晶态聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯结晶的影响

大区域取向对非晶态聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯结晶的影响林辛，吴永升，高金贵，范庆荣（中国科学院化学研究所北京１０００８０）关键词聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯，溶剂诱导结晶，大区域取向Ｓｌｏｎｉｍｓｋｙ等’‘’“最早注意到区分小区域取向和大区域取向的概念，钱人元等”’对...     

大区域取向对非晶态聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯结晶的影响

ffects of the chain orientation in the global sense on the solvent induced crystallization (SINC),diffusion velocity of toluol into poly(ethylene terephtlialate)(PET)and crystallization morphology were:studied by using density measurement and SEM.It has been shown that the SINC and diffusion velocity of toluol into PET increase with increasing degree of chain orientation in global sense,and the chain orientatioll can be essentially remained during SINC.     

RECOVERY OF AMORPHOUS POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE)FILM UNIAXIALLY DRAWN JUST BELOW THE GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE*

Isothermal recovery in the macroscopic length of homogeneously deformed specimens of amorphous poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) film sample uniaxially drawn at 69℃ to the draw ratios λ_0=1.26～2.20 were studied at temperaturesaround the glass transition temperature (T_g = 73℃). Experimental results indicate that the length recovery took place in twodistinct steps: a fast first step (fast relaxation) followed by a slow second step (slow relaxation). The relaxation processeswere accompanied by the reversion of trans-conformers (1340 cm~(-1)) to gauche, and the dichroic function of the 1340 cm~(-1)band characterizing the segmental orientation along the chain direction decreased to a very low value at the end of the fastrelaxation. This fact led us to assign the fast relaxation as the segmental orientation while the slow relaxation as relaxation ofthe global chain orientation. It was found that the slow relaxation follows a single exponential function, with relaxation timesstrongly dependent on the temperature resembling the glass transition process. The fast relaxation does not follow a singleexponential decay, presumably a distribution of relaxation times is involved.     

取向态聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯膜热弛豫过程的偏振红外光谱研究

用升温在位偏振红外光谱测量方法，研究了不同取向态的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）膜在热弛豫过程中的尺寸变化以及分子链构象和取向的变化．结果说明，ＰＥＴ小尺度取向链段的热弛豫较大尺度取向分子链的热弛豫在较低的温度下发生，取向ＰＥＴ膜的热收缩主要与分子链大尺度取向的弛豫有关，而其后的自发伸长是结晶过程引起的，分子链的取向程度对结晶伸长的幅度有着重要影响．     

高取向聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯纤维的热收缩应力

为得到具有更高拉伸强度和模量的半晶聚合物纤维,需要使分子链充分结晶和取向,然而这种高度取向样品受热时,随着温度的升高,取向的非晶态分子链熵力增大,解取向可以自发进行.在外加张力较小时,纤维产生热收缩;在定长状态下,表现为外加张力增大,此过程被视为取向材料中＂冻结＂内应力的释放,通常将这种内应力称为热收缩应力。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯非晶态膜片单轴热——拉伸中的结晶与松弛

用动态力学损耗温度谱作为测试手段,研究了非晶态PET膜片在78—112℃温度范围内的单轴拉伸。实验结果说明,在较低温度下所得结晶的拉伸试样,完全由于应变诱发结晶,发生在应力-应变曲线的屈服后应力开始上升的阶段。在较高温度下(90℃或更高)拉伸可得非晶态而且光学各向同性的试样,是由于分子链的小尺度取向在拉伸过程中已完全热松弛所致,而分子链的大尺度取向要通过高弹态流动而松弛,其速率较慢,用拉伸后试样两端固定时的应力松弛进行了观察。在较低温度下应力松弛后仍为非晶态,在较高温度下应力松弛到起始应力的1O％下才开始结晶。FTIR研究表明在这种状态下的结晶有一结晶诱导期,其时间尺度与应力松弛阶段相当。     

VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF THE NON-HOOKE DEFORMATION BEFORE YIELDING IN UNIAXIAL DRAWING OF AMORPHOUS POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE)*

Viscoelastic behavior of the non-Hooke deformation of amorphous PET film before yield was investigated in thetemperature region 74--80.5℃ around the glass transition temperature. The film specimen was drawn to yield point followedby unloading to zero stress, then the residual deformation was held constant, while the subsequent evolution of the stress wasrecorded. An induction period was found in the course of stress evolution fol1owed by a stress step-increase. The inductionperiod decreases with increasing drawing temperature with an activation energy of 1.10 MJ/mol·K, which is attributed tothe time needed for the relaxation of rubbery deformation through cooperative internal rotations. At temperatures lower than74℃, there is no stress increase or the induction period becomes too long to be observed. Thus the nature of anelasticity inthe non-Hooke region before yielding is attributed to stress induced rubbery deformation. The experimental results areinterpreted in terms of Perez' rheological model of a series connected Hooke spring and a Voigt element consisting of aparallel connected elastic spring and a dashpot.     

非晶态聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯膜应力屈服机制的示差扫描量热研究

采用示差扫描量热法、应力应变测量研究了物理老化对非晶态聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）膜单轴拉伸过程中应力屈服行为的影响．结果表明，非晶高聚物经物理老化后屈服应力，应力屈服峰及热焓吸热峰均增大；屈服前后的ＤＳＣ结果表明，经过屈服点后试样热焓吸热峰消失，屈服后的试样经物理老化后，应力屈服峰又再现．从凝聚缠结的观点解释了非晶高聚物物理老化和应力屈服的本质．     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯荧光光谱的激发波长依赖性研究

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）的荧光光谱已经得到了相当广泛和深入的研究,当激发光波长位于310～360nm时,可以观察到位于360～390nm范围的荧光发光,这部分荧光的来源有很多争议,至今未取得一致的看法,有作者认为,此处的荧光发光是PET链段上苯环之间的相互作用形成的基态二聚体（ground-state dimer）引起的发光;还有人认为这是苯环基团之间相互作用形成的激基缔合物的发光（excimeric emission）。     

FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED STUDIES OF POLY (ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) FILM IN THE GLASS TRANSITION REGION

Three specimens from a solution-cast poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film, one being liquid-N_2 quenched from 92℃(Q), one being slowly cooled from 92℃(SC) and one being quenched and sub-T_g annealed at 67℃(AN), have been studied by specimen difference spectra Q-SC and AN-Q and temperature difference spectra T-70 and T_2-T_1 for every 2℃steps on heating to 90℃at 2℃/min. SC and AN showed more gauche conformers than Q. That means that the PET chain has more trans conformers at higher temperatures and some of these are frozen during quenching through T_g. A band at 1340 cm~(-1) has been found to be complex containing overlapping bands reflecting trans in crystalline regions and trans in amorphous regions. The temperature difference spectra on heating through T_g showed that the spectral changes in Q are gradual while a rather abrupt change occurs in AN at 80—82℃for the bands at 1340, 1042 and 1020 cm~(-1). No new conformational structure or new vibrational mode is involved. A kind of locking mechanism is suggested which hinders the molecular vibrational changes in AN below T_g until a sudden release occurs at T_g. These locking sites can be nothing else than sites of tighter local packing of chain segments. Consequently it is believed that inter-chain van der Waals attraction energy plays a dominating role in the volume relaxation and sub-T_g annealing of quenched amorphous polymers.     

主链含多羰基结构单元聚芳醚酮的合成与性能

在无水三氯化铝(AlCl3)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)存在下,以1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)为溶剂,1,3-二(4-氯甲酰基苯甲酰基)苯(DMBC)分别与4,4′-二苯氧基二苯砜(DPODPS)、1,3-二(4-苯氧基苯甲酰基)苯(i-DPOPKK)、1,4-二(4-苯氧基苯甲酰基)苯(p-DPOPKK)进行低温溶液共缩聚反应,合成了3种主链含多羰基结构单元的聚芳醚酮聚合物.用FT-IR1、H-NMR、DSC、TGA、WAXD等技术对聚合物进行结构和性能表征.结果表明:增加聚合物主链中羰基的含量可提高其耐热等级;同时,由于聚合物中羰基比例的增大,其聚集态晶体结构也产生相应的变化,较易产生多晶型.