雷达波吸收剂的包覆改性设计

从电磁场理论出发，建立了包覆改性吸收剂等效电磁参数模型，初步得到了磁性吸收剂经介电改性后外包覆层和内层材料相对体积分数对损耗性能和特性阻抗的影响规律；以此为基础，进行了包覆改性吸收剂的结构设计；采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了包覆改性吸收剂，实验测试了样品的电磁参数，同理论预测结果进行了比较，表明理论预测的电磁参数频谱特性同实际测试结果比较接近. 关键词： 包覆改性吸收剂 等效电磁参数     

激光照射有限尺寸高反射光学元件的温度场

采用格林函数法,考虑径向边界条件和对流热损失,理论上求解了有限尺寸高反射光学元件在激光作用下的热传导方程,获得了样品内的温度场分布。为验证所求解,模拟计算了不同光斑形状和光斑尺寸激光束照射下样品的温升曲线,并与有限元数值计算结果进行了比较,获得了较好的一致性,讨论了此精确物理模型中不同热交换系数对激光束照射下光学薄膜样品温升的影响。结果表明:热交换系数越大,样品内的温度分布越趋于平衡。     

Transport of ions and solvent in confined media

A new theoretical approach is used to model the transport properties of a cation-exchange membrane. By using the Navier-Stokes equation related to the Poisson-Boltzmann relation, it is thus possible to determine the solvent velocity in a membrane pore, and the influence of electroosmosis on the transport properties of the polymer. The variation of the transport coefficients with salt concentration in the membrane pore was modeled as for simple electrolytes: taking electrophoretic interactions and relaxation effect into account, we used MSA analytical expressions. We have investigated membrane conductivity and electrophoretic sodium mobility measurements when the membrane was equilibrated with NaCl solution. Good agreement was found between the experimental results and our theoretical model.     

双相多孔锂离子电池液/固界面的声反射与声透射

采用传递矩阵法,同步联立改进的Biot理论,对含液固界面的双相多孔锂离子电池的超声反射与透射系数进行理论求解。考虑锂离子的摇摆特性对电极力学性能的影响,计算了对应状态下液/固界面的双相多孔锂离子电池声反射及透射系数的角度谱与频率谱。同时,构建了不同荷电状态时含单元锂离子电池的频域仿真模型,以萃取对应的超声反射及透射角度谱及频率谱,并与理论计算结果对比吻合良好。随后,以多单元锂离子电池为例,在不同的荷电状态下,分析了反射与透射系数随斜入射角度、入射波频率的变化关系,并分别指出了其角度谱及频率谱特征点随荷电状态的变化特征,为锂离子电池运行状态的超声无损测量提供了理论基础。     

Influence of substrate in photothermal measurements of thin film absorption

In photothermal measurements of low optical absorption coefficients, as in the case of thin films of amorphous semiconductors, the substrate absorption can play a non-negligible role. In this paper, the substrate influence is discussed and generalized on the basis of a theoretical model of a two-layer absorbing sample, and the interaction of the thermal and optical parameters which control the photothermal process in the sample is shown. Some experimental results obtained on thin films of amorphous silicon carbide deposited on different substrates are presented and discussed.     

相关测速声呐底混响时空相关函数与载体俯仰角的关系

由于载体在运动过程中存在姿态的变化,不考虑载体姿态的理论相关函数会影响相关声呐的测速精确度。考虑载体俯仰角对发射信号海底照射区域的影响,引入不同权重的多阶贝塞尔函数,得到改进后的理论相关函数。同时,根据相关测速声呐发射参数,给出了基于FOM模型的海底回波仿真。仿真结果表明,改进的理论相关函数将相关声呐的测速误差降至1%以下。载体的俯仰角对时空相关函数产生影响。考虑载体俯仰角的理论相关函数更贴近实际情况,与仿真结果的相关系数吻合的较好,能够更加准确的估计载体速度。     

Comparison between some common influence coefficient algorithms

The quality of the results obtainable from a number of different algorithms available in modern manufacturers' software has been compared using data for a single sample of Ni–Fe–Cr, for considerations of space. The conclusions reached are based on similar comparisons using many samples of different compositions. The aim was to demonstrate that, when all criteria (variable theoretical influence coefficients; total concentration of all elements equals 100%; homogeneous, flat and infinitely thick samples) relating to emission theory are met, a number of valid mathematical expressions are available to the user. The mathematical expressions (algorithms) examined are Lucas‐Tooth and Price, Rasberry–Heinrich and Lachance–Traill, all using empirical influence coefficients; Claisse–Quintin and COLA using linear and hyperbolic variable theoretical influence coefficients, respectively; and Broll–Tertian, Rousseau, Lachance–Claisse and de Jongh, using variable theoretical influence coefficients based on fundamental parameters. The last four algorithms give exactly the same results, despite the fact that the ‘structures’ of the algorithms are all very different and that the magnitudes of the influence coefficients are also very different (except that the magnitudes and signs of influence coefficients are the same for the Broll–Tertian and Rousseau algorithms). If any of the four algorithms is used correctly, each will give acceptable results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental characterisation, optimisation and design of erbium-doped silica fibre lasers

A new characterisation method is described using the new theoretical model for erbium-doped silica fibre lasers (EDSFLs) based on the energy conservation principle. Using this method, we obtained absorption and emission coefficients for the lasing wavelength at lasing operating conditions. After that, an experimental procedure to deduce the spectral profiles of the absorption and emission coefficients is also presented. This procedure allows us to obtain the values of these parameters for the whole fluorescence spectrum through measurements of gain profiles under the lasing operation. Once the absorption and emission coefficients are known, the new model can be applied and a comparison with experimental results for two different laser configurations is shown. The theoretical model is proved to be accurate and in addition some equations are developed to allow the design and optimisation of EDSFLs. This revised version was published online in March 2005. In the previous version, the published online date was missing     

光纤光栅温度传感理论与实验

从光纤光栅温度传感模型出发，理论分析研究了光纤光栅的温度传感特性，推导了光纤光栅温度传感的一阶、二阶和有效线性灵敏度系数的解析式，计算了各灵敏度系数的理论值，实验得到了反射波长与温度的二次多项式，对比分析了理论与实验结果，讨论了石英的力学参数对光纤光栅温度传感特性的影响、反射波长与温度的线性及非线性的适用范围等问题. 关键词： 光纤光栅 光纤传感 温度传感     

熊猫光纤光栅温度传感特性的理论和实验研究

采用有限元法建立了熊猫光纤光栅的温度传感模型,研究了熊猫光纤温度变化时的内部应力分布,分析了几何结构变化对熊猫光纤光栅的温度传感特性的影响规律.理论分析和实验结果均表明:熊猫光纤光栅两偏振反射峰和双峰间距的温度灵敏度系数,都与猫眼半径和猫眼距离比值的平方(r/d)2成线性比例关系,其快轴方向的温度响应能力大于慢轴方向.     

Modeling and analysis of the effects of inhomogeneous carrier distributions in InGaN multiple quantum wells

It is well known that carrier distribution in InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) can be significantly inhomogeneous. However, the conventional ABC recombination model assumes that carriers are uniformly distributed throughout the MQW. In this paper, a modified ABC model that considers the unequal carrier density in the QWs was developed. From the analysis of the developed ABC model, the effective recombination coefficients and modified internal quantum efficiency (IQE) were obtained for an arbitrary carrier distribution in MQWs. The efficiency droop was found to be aggravated as the carrier distribution was increasingly inhomogeneous. However, it was also found that the effect of inhomogeneous carrier distribution alone was not sufficient to explain the IQE droop with the theoretical Auger recombination coefficient based on indirect Auger processes. The developed ABC model is expected to provide insight into the influence of inhomogeneous carrier distributions in MQWs on the efficiency droop in GaN-based light-emitting diodes.     

超声与固体中含气泡层的相互作用

本文利用固体层状媒质声反射模型,给出了固体中含气泡层声反射和透射系数的表达式,并由此导出沿固体中含气泡薄层对称和反对称模式界面波的特征方程式。本文还介绍了含气泡固体有效弹性模量的估算方法,文中给出的数值计算具体说明了气泡体积浓度和气泡层厚度对声反射系数、声透射系数以及反对称模式界面波传播速度的影响,本文的研究为根据声反射系数和界面波的传播速度的测量反演固体间气泡层的力学性能提供了理论依据。 关键词：     

Diffusion of particles on a heterogeneous surface: A case of adsorption-induced surface reconstruction

The influence of surface reconstruction on diffusion of particles adsorbed on the surface is investigated in the framework of symmetrical four-position model. The analytical expressions for free energy and diffusion coefficients are obtained assuming the lateral interaction between particles is negligibly small.The critical behavior of the system is described by the Ising spin model. The coverage dependencies of the tracer, jump and chemical diffusion coefficients are calculated for some representative temperatures. The dependencies show clearly strong influence of the surface reconstruction on the thermodynamic and kinetic phenomena: diffusion coefficients become anisotropic on the reconstructed surface. To check the analytical results we have used Monte Carlo simulations of the diffusion on this lattice.     

Origin of temperature dependence of microbending attenuation in fiber optic cables

Abstract

Temperature-induced changes in the attenuation of multimode optical fiber cables are shown to be caused by mismatch between the thermal expansion coefficients of the fiber and the cabling materials. A quantitative theoretical model of low temperature loss, based on the formation of fiber microbends by microvariations in the jacket concentricity, is described. This model applies to tightly jacketed, soft buffered cable designs. An equation relating the low temperature optical attenuation to cable parameters is derived using this model. Good agreement is obtained between this theoretical prediction and experimental results. The theoretical model is used to compare the effectiveness of different cable designs on reducing excess loss at low temperature.     

Theory and simulation of electrolyte mixtures

Monte Carlo simulation and theoretical results on some aspects of thermodynamics of mixtures of electrolytes with a common species are presented. Both charge symmetric mixtures, where ions differ only in size, and charge asymmetric but size symmetric mixtures at ionic strength ranging generally from I = 10^?4 to 1.0 M, and in a few cases up to I = 2 M, are examined. The theoretical methods explored are: (i) the symmetric Poisson-Boltzmann theory, (ii) the modified Poisson-Boltzmann theory and (iii) the hypernetted-chain integral equation. The first two electrolyte mixing coefficients w ₀ and w ₁ of the various mixtures are calculated from an accurate determination of their osmotic pressure data. The theories are seen to be consistent among themselves, and with certain limiting laws in the literature, in predicting the trends of the mixing coefficients with respect to ionic strength. Some selected relevant experimental data have been analysed and compared with the theoretical and simulation trends. In addition the mean activity coefficients for a model mimicking the mixture of KC1 and KF electrolytes are calculated and hence the Harned coefficients obtained for this system. These calculations are compared with the experimental data and Monte Carlo results available in the literature. The theoretically predicted Harned coefficients are in good agreement with the simulation results for the model KC1-KF mixture.     

Determination of genuine diffusivities in heterogeneous media using stimulated echo pulsed field gradient NMR

Pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR diffusion measurements in heterogeneous media may lead to erroneous results due to the disturbing influence of internal magnetic field gradients. Here, we present a simple theoretical model which allows one to interpret data obtained by stimulated spin echo PFG NMR in the presence of spatially varying internal field gradients. Using the results of this theory, the genuine self-diffusion coefficients in heterogeneous media may be extrapolated from the dependence of the apparent diffusivities on the dephasing time of the simulated echo PFG NMR sequence. Experimental evidence that such extrapolation yields satisfactory results for self-diffusion of hexadecane in natural sediments (sand) and of n-octanol in doped MgO pastes is provided.     

液滴振荡模型及与数值模拟的对比

由于碰撞壁面后液滴内部流动的复杂性, 以及气-液-固三相间的相互作用, 对液滴碰撞壁面形态变化的数学理论研究有较大的难度, 因此所见者多为实验和数值模拟. 本文通过对液滴受力状态的分析, 得到了惯性力、黏性力和表面张力带经验系数的表达式, 并进一步建立了液滴碰撞壁面振荡模型, 得到了液滴铺展半径的振荡表达式, 以及表面张力、黏性系数等参数对液滴铺展的影响. 最后通过与液滴衰减振荡数值模拟结果的对比, 确定了液滴振荡模型中的修正系数, 验证了模型的可行性. 关键词： 液滴碰撞 振荡 铺展半径/高度 数值模拟     

高速气体与椭圆柱云相互作用的数值研究

高速颗粒流在天文、自然灾害、工业安全、医疗工业和国防等领域有着重要应用。采用基于分层流模型的直接数值模拟方法,对平面激波与椭圆柱云的相互作用进行数值研究,重点关注椭圆柱横截面的不同长短轴之比和椭圆柱横截面长轴与来流方向所成角度对流场的影响,从气体来流方向上的速度、x轴和y轴方向上的均方根速度、动能、内能和湍动能的分布上进行分析,对能量在计算域的上游区域、椭圆柱云区域和下游区域进行定量分析。同时针对椭圆柱改进了一维体积平均模型,利用该模型拟合了由直接数值模拟得到的反射激波和透射激波位置,获得了最适配的一维体积平均模型中的人工有效阻力系数,并探讨此系数的分布规律。     

All-normal-dispersion Yb-doped mode-locked fibre laser and its stability analysis

We experimentally demonstrate an all-normal-dispersion Yb-doped mode-locked fibre laser with no intentional spectral filter inserted.Pulses with 1.1 nJ pulse energy at a repetition rate of 20.4 MHz are achieved.A theoretical model of the fibre laser is derived,whose coefficients are explicitly dependent on the orientations of the wave plates and the polarizer.Based on the model,stability diagrams of both the mode-locking and the continuous wave regimes of the laser are presented.The influence of group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and cavity length on the stability of mode-locking is also discussed.