充电栅压对聚四氟乙烯多孔膜驻极体储电能力的影响

利用室温下栅控恒压电晕充电、热脉冲技术、开路热刺激放电电流谱以及对在充电过程中通过样品电流的监测等方法，系统地研究了充电栅压对具有开放性孔洞结构的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）多孔膜储电能力的影响，并讨论了导致这类影响的电荷动力学特性和材料的微结构根源 .结果显示，过高的充电栅压会导致沉积电荷密度下降和电荷衰减加剧，不利于这类新结构 功能材料压电活性的提高及其热稳定性的改善.合理的优化充电条件能使负极性充电PTFE多 孔膜驻极体在有机聚合物材料中显示优异的储电能力及电荷稳定性，并改善其作为双极性空 间电荷型压电传 关键词： 聚四氟乙烯 驻极体 储电能力 多孔膜     

聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜驻极体的电荷储存稳定性

利用在室温和高温下的栅控恒压电晕充电,常温电晕充电后经不同温度老化处理后的表面电位衰减测量,及开路热刺激放电(ThermallyStimulatedDischarge,TSD)研究了正负充电后PTFE(Polytetrafluoroethylene)多孔薄膜驻极体的电荷储存稳定性.PTFE多孔膜,PTFE非多孔膜(TeflonPTFE)和FEP(TetrafluoroethylenehexafluoropropyleneCopolymer)非多孔膜(TeflonFEP)间的电荷储存稳定性的比较研究也已进行.通过等温退极化程序,对上述三种薄膜驻极体的电荷储存寿命(有效时间常数)τ进行了定量估算.结果指出:在有机驻极体材料中,对正负充电后两种极性驻极体样品的PTFE多孔薄膜驻极体均呈现最优异的电荷储存稳定性,尤其是在高温条件下.通过扫描电镜(SEM)对这种新结构的氟聚合物驻极体材料的突出电荷储存能力和结构根源也已初步讨论. 关键词： 聚四氟乙烯 多孔膜 驻极体 电荷稳定性     

电晕充电多孔PTFE/PP复合驻极体过滤材料的电荷存储特性

报道采用电晕充电方法，对用高温熔融粘合工艺制备得到的双向拉伸多孔PTFE与PP复合过滤材料进行驻极体改性，并采用热刺激放电和表面电位测量等方法研究了材料的电荷存储稳定性,根据驻极体相关理论，对实验结果进行了解释. 结果表明，电晕充电的多孔PTFE/熔喷或纺粘PP覆膜材料中，既存在空间电荷又存在极化电荷，复合膜的界面是电荷陷阱的主要来源. 从不同面对复合膜材料进行充电时，材料具有完全不同的电荷存储特性. 由于材料体内空间电荷和极化电荷的极性相反、相互补偿，表面电位测定并不能真正反映材料内部电荷的存储状态. 关键词： 驻极体 电晕充电 聚合物复合膜 热刺激放电     

恒流电晕充电对聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜驻极体驻极态的影响

利用常温下恒流和恒压电晕充电、充电后的等温表面电位衰减、热刺激放电和扫描电镜等实 验手段研究了恒流和恒压电晕充电技术对聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜驻极体驻极态的影响.与恒压电晕充电相比较，恒流电晕充电时由于流过薄膜的电流恒定，增加了注入电荷在多孔结构厚度方向界面处的俘获概率，使沉积电荷密度上升，改善了驻极体的储电能力.然而，这些位于不同层深多孔界面处的俘获电荷在这类功能膜储存或使用过程中，经外激发从脱阱位置 以跳动（hopping）模式输运至背电极的路径相对缩短将导致脱阱电荷衰减较快. 关键词： 恒流电晕充电 聚四氟乙烯多孔膜 驻极体 电荷稳定性     

界面极化注极聚丙烯薄膜驻极体的电荷存储特性研究

本文报道一种基于双层介质界面极化机理的新型驻极体注极技术: 借助辅助层对PP薄膜进行注极. 采用表面电位测试方法考察了注极温度、注极电压对所获PP薄膜驻极体电荷存储性能的影响, 并利用热刺激放电技术研究了其高温电荷存储性能, 同时测试了PP薄膜驻极体在X和Y方向的静电场分布. 结果表明: 界面极化注极是一种比电晕注极更为优异的驻极体形成方法. 在一定温度下, 驻极体表面电位随注极电压的增加而增加, 而且两者呈线性关系, 这一结果与注极过程的电荷积聚方程的分析完全一致. 注极温度的影响研究表明, 在保持注极电压不变(注极电压范围为0.5–3.0 kV)的情况下, 温度低于75 ℃时, 温度的变化对于注极效果的影响不明显; 当注极温度大于75 ℃ 时, PP薄膜驻极体的表面电位随注极温度的增加而增加. 表面电位随时间的变化研究表明, PP薄膜驻极体具有良好的电荷存储稳定性. 对其表面电位分布的测试表明, 界面极化注极所形成的PP薄膜驻极体呈现均匀的静电场分布.     

热膨胀处理的聚丙烯蜂窝膜驻极体的压电性

研究了两种商用聚丙烯蜂窝膜(PPCellular)(EUH75和SHD50)的压电性.通过热膨胀技术处理测得上述两种商品膜的压电d33系数分别可达219pC／N和196pC／N.它们比未经处理的样品提高了约两个数量级，而比著名的铁电聚合物PVDF高出一个数量级以上.在强介电气体六氟化硫(SF6)中用高达60kV的电晕电压对EUH75和SHD50样品充电后，讨论了对其压电d33系数的影响的明显差异及其差异的结构根源. 关键词： PP蜂窝膜 压电性 热膨胀技术 介电气体     

P (VDF-TFE-HFP)/PTFE双层驻极体膜的压电性

关键词：     

毫米级栅型电场分布FEP薄膜驻极体的制备及其电荷存储性能研究

采用电晕注极和热注极技术, 在厚度为25 μm的氟化乙丙烯共聚物(FEP)表面制备了宽度为2 mm和3 mm的具有栅型电场分布的驻极体, 研究了注极温度和电极宽度对其电荷存储性能的影响. 样品注极后经150天的存储, 栅型电场分布变得清晰而有规律, 覆盖铝电极区电位已衰减至接近零, 未覆盖铝电极区仍保持高电位; 对电极宽度为2 mm和3 mm的样品, 覆盖铝电极区与未覆盖铝电极区的表面电位差分别为110 V和130 V(电场强度差分别为44 kV/cm和52 kV/cm). 表面电位跟踪测试结果表明: 电晕注极样品初始表面电位高于热注极样品; 在相同的注极方法下, 注极温度越高初始表面电位越高, 电极宽度越小初始表面电位越低. 依据电晕注极和热注极原理对实验结果的分析表明, FEP和金属铝在电荷存储性能上的差异是FEP表面蒸镀铝电极后能获得栅型电场分布的原因所在.     

聚丙烯蜂窝膜驻极体压电系数的测量及压电性的改善

利用介电谐振谱分析了聚丙烯蜂窝状原生膜(PPCellular,PQ50型)的力学及介电参数，测得其压电系数d33约为18pC/N.经合理的压力膨化工艺处理后，其d33可增加至367pC/N，比久负盛名的铁电聚合物聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)的d33高20倍以上，也高于压电陶瓷锆钛酸铅(PZT)的相应值.结合扫描电镜照片及根据PP蜂窝膜压电理论模型分析了这类空间电荷型非极性孔洞薄膜驻极体呈现高压电系数的结构和物理根源. 关键词： 聚丙烯蜂窝膜 压电性 介电谐振 压力膨化处理     

The charge storage of the nc—Si layer

Sandwiched structures (a-SiN_x/a-Si/a-SiN_x) have been fabricated by the plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition technique. A Si nanocrystal (nc-Si) layer was formed by crystallization of an a-Si layer according to the constrained crystallization principle after quasi-static thermal annealing at 1100℃ for 30 min. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman scattering spectroscopy clearly demonstrated that nc-Si grains were formed in the as-deposited a-Si layer after annealing. The density of nc-Si grains is about 10¹¹cm^-2 as shown by TEM photographs. Using capacitance－voltage (C－V) measurements we investigated the electrical characteristics of the sandwiched structures. The charge storage phenomenon of the nc-Si layer was observed from the shift of flat-band voltage (V_FB) in C－V curves at a high frequency (1 MHz). We estimated the density of nc-Si grains to be about 10¹¹cm^-2 from the shift value of V_FB, which is in agreement with the result of TEM photographs. At the same time, we found that the shift of V_FB increased with the increase of the applied constant dc voltage or the thickness of the nc-Si layer.     

The combinational effect of PP electret and monoolein on transdermal delivery of cyclosporine A in vitro

In this study, single and combined enhancing effect of polypropylene (PP) electret and 10% monoolein (Mono) on cyclosporine A (CsA) transdermal delivery were studied using improved Franz diffusion cell and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Single use of each PP electret or 10% Mono could enhance the transdermal delivery of CsA. +500 V or ?500 V corona charged electret in combination with 10% Mono had the most significant enhancing effect. The PP electrets with the same corona voltage in absolute value had the similar enhancing effect on transdermal delivery of CsA when they were used in combination with Mono.     

The charge storage characteristics of ZrO2 nanocrystallite-based charge trap nonvolatile memory

ZrO2 nanocrystallite-based charge trap flash memory capacitors incorporating a(ZrO2)0.6(SiO2)0.4 pseudobinary high-k oxide film as the charge trapping layer were prepared and investigated.The precipitation reaction in the charge trapping layer,forming ZrO2 nanocrystallites during rapid thermal annealing,was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.It was observed that a ZrO2 nanocrystallite-based memory capacitor after post-annealing at 850℃ for 60s exhibits a maximum memory window of about 6.8V,good endurance and a low charge loss of ～25% over a period of 10 years(determined by extrapolating the charge loss curve measured experimentally),even at 85℃.Such 850℃-annealed memory capacitors appear to be candidates for future nonvolatile flash memory device applications.     

MR/PVA薄膜的SP和PP偏振存储特性的比较

用两正交偏振光(SP)和两P偏振光(PP)作为记录光(λ=532nm)，记录光的功率均为5mW，用He—Ne激光器632．8nm红光作为读出光，分别得到两种记录条件下甲基红掺杂聚乙烯醇薄膜(MR／PVA)样品的光栅生长曲线．发现用两P偏振光作为记录光时，光栅生长曲线分为快、慢2个过程；两正交偏振光作为记录光时，光栅生长曲线只有一个过程，前者的慢过程和后者过程的响应时间近于相同．     

A comparative study of three cryopreservation protocols for effective storage of in vitro-grown mint (Mentha Spp.)

This study was designed to determine the response of diverse mint genotypes to three commonly used cryopreservation techniques. Four mints [Mentha x piperita nothosubsp. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq.; M. canadensis L.; M. australis R. Br, and M. cunninghamii Benth] were cryopreserved using three protocols: controlled rate cooling (CC), encapsulation dehydration (ED) and PVS2 vitrification (VIT). Regrowth of mint species following controlled rate cooling (93 percent) was significantly (P < 0.0001) better than encapsulation dehydration (71 percent) and vitrification (73 percent). All four genotypes responded well to the controlled rate cooling protocol but there was some variability with the other two protocols. Genotype specific response to the individual protocols showed that there were significant differences in the recovery of Mentha x piperita nothosubsp. citrata and M. australis with CC > VIT > ED. There were also significant differences in the recovery of M. cunninghamii and M. canadensis, with CC and ED significantly better than VIT. Regrowth of the shoot tips of these mints ranged from 60 percent to 95 percent for all but one treatment. The overall results of this study compare favorably to other techniques. These improved results may be due to a combination of favorable growth conditions, cold acclimation and recovery medium. Controlled rate cooling was the most successful technique for the storage of these diverse mint genotypes; however recovery of shoot tips from VIT and ED was high and these techniques could also be used for cryogenic storage of mint germplasm.     

Behavior of CO2/water flow in porous media for CO2 geological storage

A clear understanding of two-phase fluid flow properties in porous media is of importance to CO₂ geological storage. The study visually measured the immiscible and miscible displacement of water by CO₂ using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and investigated the factor influencing the displacement process in porous media which were filled with quartz glass beads. For immiscible displacement at slow flow rates, the MR signal intensity of images increased because of CO₂ dissolution; before the dissolution phenomenon became inconspicuous at flow rate of 0.8 mL min^− 1. For miscible displacement, the MR signal intensity decreased gradually independent of flow rates, because supercritical CO₂ and water became miscible in the beginning of CO₂ injection. CO₂ channeling or fingering phenomena were more obviously observed with lower permeable porous media. Capillary force decreases with increasing particle size, which would increase permeability and allow CO₂ and water to invade into small pore spaces more easily. The study also showed CO₂ flow patterns were dominated by dimensionless capillary number, changing from capillary finger to stable flow. The relative permeability curve was calculated using Brooks-Corey model, while the results showed the relative permeability of CO₂ slightly decreases with the increase of capillary number.     

Photoluminescence and charge storage characteristics of silica nanocrystals: The role of stress-induced interface defects

SiO₂ nanocrystals embedded in Lu₂O₃ thin film were fabricated using pulsed-laser deposition method. Two dimensional finite element calculations clearly reveal that SiO₂ nanocrystals certainly experienced great compressive stress in Lu₂O₃ thin film. This may lead to a great deal of stress-induced defects at the interface of SiO₂ nanocrystals embedded in Lu₂O₃ thin film and thus induced the observed photoluminescence peak and charge storage properties. The findings presented here indicate that the matrix environment of the nanocrystals plays a significant role in determining their electrical and optical properties.     

The friction and wear properties of divinylbenzene-grafted UHMWPE fiber-filled serpentine/PTFE composite

Divinylbenzene-grafted Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers were used to reinforce the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite and the friction and wear behaviors of UHMWPE/PTFE composite were studied on the ring-block machine under vacuum condition. The worn surfaces of specimens were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the friction coefficient and temperature of UHMWPE/PTFE composites with surface-treated UHMWPE fiber were apparently lower than that with untreated one. In conclusion, the surface treatment favored the improvement of the higher interface strength and so had good effect on improving the tribological properties of the composites. The dominant wear mechanisms were adhesion wear, plastic deformation, brittle facture, and spalling. The EDS analysis of the worn surface indicated the trend of the tribochemical reaction of the Fe related to the transfer of the PTFE.     

The charge density of 58Ni

The charge density of ⁵⁸Ni is deduced from elastic electron scattering data by the “model-independent” method of Friar and Negele. This density is compared with results of the Saclay group, and also with density-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations.