Microwave-assisted synthesis of 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone/naphthalene conjugates. Structural characterization and selection of a fluorescent ion sensor

Two novel 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone/naphthalene conjugates (L1 and L2) with different distances between the chelating and the fluorescent moieties were synthesized using conventional heating and microwave irradiation achieving a shorter reaction time. The structure of both compounds was confirmed by X-ray crystallography, revealing that these compounds were isolated as hydrochloride salts in dihydroxypyridinium forms. In solution and in the presence of a base, the tautomeric keto forms may be obtained as it was elucidated by NMR analysis. The dihydroxypyridinium form of L1 exhibits fluorescence at 450 nm, both in ACN and DMSO, whereas the corresponding keto form exhibits fluorescence at 365 nm. In contrast, the dihydroxypyridinium form of L2 only fluoresces in DMSO, exhibiting a band at 340 nm, while the keto form is non-fluorescent. These distinct fluorescent behaviors reveal that the tautomeric form in which the ligands are isolated and the distance between the chelating and fluorescent functions strongly influences their fluorescence properties. Ligand L1 exhibits better fluorescence properties and its fluorescence intensity is quenched in the presence of variable concentration of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Fe³⁺, thus making it suitable to be used as ion sensor.     

Recent developments on 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinones with respect to their clinical applications: Mono and combined ligand approaches

There has been considerable research effort invested in the discovery and development of chelators for the treatment of serious pathological disorders associated with iron (or aluminium) overload in the past two decades. A series of 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone (3,4-HP) iron-ligands, in particular bis-(3,4-HP)s and mono-(3,4-HP)s were developed by exploring their polydenticity and/or bifunctionality. These compounds were assessed for their physicochemical and biological properties such as the chelating ability for M³⁺ hard metal ions (M = Fe, Al, Ga), the lipophilicity (log P) and the metal-clearing efficiency (MCE) from most organs in mice pre-loaded with ⁶⁷Ga, as a model of Fe-overload. Although the solution chemistry and the in vivo studies have been performed with individual ligands, a ligand combination strategy with the bis- and mono-(3,4-HP) was adopted to improve the scavenger power based on differences on their cellular-compartment accessibility. The results lead to key recommendations useful in chelator design strategies because there are significant differences in chelating affinity and MCE in mice between the bis-HP and the mono-HP ligands. The extra-functional groups of the compounds have a profound effect on log P, MCE and organ distribution, and so they can be targeted to organs compromised in iron-overload disease, for example, the liver or the brain. The coadjuvation or synergistic effects of the ligand combination is supported by the observed improvements on metal excretion in bioassays.     

Conversion of NO in NO/N2, NO/O2/N2, NO/C2H4/N2 and NO/C2H4/O2/N2 Systems by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasmas

An experimental study on the conversion of NO in the NO/N₂, NO/O₂/N₂, NO/C₂H₄/N₂ and NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ systems has been carried out using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas at atmospheric pressure. In the NO/N₂ system, NO decomposition to N₂ and O₂ is the dominating reaction; NO conversion to NO₂ is less significant. O₂ produced from NO decomposition was detected by an on-line mass spectrometer. With the increase of NO initial concentration, the concentration of O₂ produced decreases at 298 K, but slightly increases at 523 K. In the NO/O₂/N₂ system, NO is mainly oxidized to NO₂, but NO conversion becomes very low at 523 K and over 1.6% of O₂. In the NO/C₂H₄/N₂ system, NO is reduced to N₂ with about the same NO conversion as that in the NO/N₂ system but without NO₂ formation. In the NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ system, the oxidation of NO to NO₂ is dramatically promoted. At 523 K, with the increase of the energy density, NO conversion increases rapidly first, and then almost stabilizes at 93–91% of NO conversion with 61–55% of NO₂ selectivity in the energy density range of 317–550 J L⁻¹. It finally decreases gradually at high energy density. A negligible amount of N₂O is formed in the above four systems. Of the four systems studied, NO conversion and NO₂ selectivity of the NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ system are the highest, and NO/O₂/C₂H₄/N₂ system has the lowest electrical energy consumption per NO molecule converted.     

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of 4-Mercaptopyridine Molecules on Pb3O4 Nanoparticles

The surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)technique has been developed greatly since its first dis-covery nearly twenty-nine years ago.It is a very attrac-tive technique for the detection of various organic andinorganic molecules due to its sensitivity a…     

g-C3N4/Bi2O2CO32D纳米片复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能研究

采用自组装和化学沉淀法分别制得两种可见光驱动复合材料石墨相氮化碳/碳酸氧铋(g-C_3N_4/Bi_2O_2CO_3).采用X射线衍射光谱(XRD),紫外可见光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、N_2吸附、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,制备方法对纳米复合材料的晶相、形态及光学性能没有影响,但是影响g-C_3N_4和Bi_2O_2CO_3之间的相互作用力,导致光生电子-空穴对的分离速率存在显著差异.以可见光驱动苯酚和罗丹明B的降解实验为探针反应检测催化剂的光催化性能.实验结果表明自组装法得到的异质结催化剂中相互作用力更强,催化效果最高.O_2-是罗丹明B降解反应的主要活性物种,染料的光敏化、Bi_2O_2CO_3与g-C_3N_4综合效应,导致光生载流子电荷分离效率更高.     

Synthesis of meso-furyl porphyrins with N4, N3S, N2S2 and N3O porphyrin cores

A series of meso-furyl porphyrins with four different porphyrin cores (N₄, N₃S, N₂S₂ and N₃O) were synthesized and characterized. The comparison of NMR, optical and fluorescence properties of meso-furyl porphyrins with porphyrins with six-membered aryl groups indicates that electronic properties of porphyrins were changed drastically on the introduction of furyl groups at meso positions. The maximum shifts in spectral bands were observed for meso-furyl porphyrins with N₂S₂ core. On protonation, the absorption bands of meso-furyl porphyrins were further red shifted. All these changes were ascribed to the possibility of more planarity of the meso-furyl porphyrins due to the small size of the furyl groups which results in extending the π-delocalisation of the porphyrin ring in to the furyl groups.     

Vibrational spectra of the peroxotantalates (NH4)3[Ta(O2)4], K3[Ta(O2)4], Rb3[Ta(O2)4] and Cs3[Ta(O2)4] and the crystal structure of Rb3[Ta(O2)4]

The compounds (NH₄)₃[Ta(O₂)₄], K₃[Ta(O₂)₄], Rb₃[Ta(O₂)₄] and Cs₃[Ta(O₂)₄] have been prepared and investigated by X-ray powder methods as well as Raman- and IR-spectroscopy. In the case of Rb₃[Ta(O₂)₄] the structure has been solved from single crystal data. It is shown that all these compounds are isotypic and crystallize in the K₃[Cr(O₂)₄] type (SG , No. 121). The infrared- and Raman spectra (recorded on powdered samples) are discussed with respect to the internal vibrations of the peroxo-group and the dodecahedral [Ta(O₂)₄]³⁻ ion. Symmetry coordinates for the [Ta(O₂)₄]³⁻ ion are given from which the vibrational modes of the O-O stretching vibrations of the O₂²⁻ groups, the Ta-O stretching vibrations and the Ta-O bending vibrations are deduced.     

Molecular interactions of monosulfonate tetraphenylporphyrin (TPPS1) and meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) with dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP)

The molecular interactions of monosulfonate tetraphenylporphyrin (TPPS₁) and meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) with dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) have been investigated by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. The association constants and interaction stoichiometries of the bindings were obtained through Benesi–Hildebrand (B–H) method. Particularly, both linear and nonlinear fitting procedures were performed to evaluate the possible 1:2 interactions. Experimental results showed that hydrogen-bonding interactions existed in both of the two systems, resulting in regular changes in the absorbance and fluorescence characteristics of the porphyrins. The association constants and stoichiometries determined from absorbance and fluorescence studies were in excellent agreement. Using a nonlinear fitting method, we demonstrated that the one-step 1:2 interaction took place in the TPPS₁–DMMP system, and the association constants were determined to be 71.4 M⁻¹ by absorbance measurements and 70.92 M⁻¹ by fluorescence measurements. The interaction stoichiometry of the TPPS–DMMP system was 1:1, and the association constants were determined to be 16.06 M⁻¹ by absorbance measurements and 16.03 M⁻¹ by fluorescence measurements. It was concluded that the interaction between TPPS₁ and DMMP was stronger than that between TPPS and DMMP.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and structures of the novel niobium phosphates [NbOF(PO4)](N2C5H7) and [(Nb0.9V1.1)O2(PO4)2(H2PO4)](N2C2H10)

Two new niobium phosphates were synthesized and their crystal structures determined from single-crystal X-ray data. [NbOF(PO₄)](N₂C₅H₇) (1) (monoclinic, space group P2₁/c, a=11.442(1), b=9.1983(7), c=9.1696(8) Å, β=109.94(1)°) has a layered structure and is the first example of a negatively charged NbOF(PO₄) layer analogous to the MO(H₂O)PO₄ (M=V, Nb) layers. The layer charge is compensated by interlayer 4-aminopyridnium cations that adopt an unusual arrangement as a consequence of H-bonding and π-π interactions. The interlayer aminopyridnium cations can be exchanged with alkylammonium ions which form bilayers inclined at ∼65° to the NbOF(PO₄) layer. [(Nb_0.9V_1.1)O₂(PO₄)₂(H₂PO₄)] (N₂C₂H₁₀) (2) (orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a=15.821(2),b=9.0295(9),c=18.301(2) Å) has a disordered three-dimensional structure based on NbO(PO₄) layers cross-linked by phosphate tetrahedra, and has a similar structure to the known vanadium analog [V₂O₂(PO₄)₂(H₂PO₄)] (N₂C₂H₁₀).     

石墨烯-Fe@Fe3O4纳米复合材料的制备及其电磁性能研究

采用改进Hummers法制备氧化石墨,通过高温热膨胀剥离氧化石墨获得多层石墨烯,最后由羰基铁热分解法原位制备多层石墨烯-Fe@Fe3O4纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)以及矢量网络分析仪等对该复合材料的结构、形貌、电磁参数等进行了表征和测试。结果表明,石墨烯片层上附着了尺寸小于50 nm的球形Fe@Fe3O4颗粒;反射率损耗(RL)计算结果表明:以金属为衬底,当复合材料厚度为1.5 mm时,在10～16GHz范围内反射损耗均在-10 dB以下;当厚度为3 mm时,材料的反射损耗在4.3 GHz处达最大值,约为-25 dB。     

CeTiO4/g-C3N4复合材料的制备及其高效的光催化染料降解性能

采用简单固相法成功制备了CeTiO₄/g?C₃N₄?x(CTO/CN?x,x g为g?C₃N₄的添加量)复合材料,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、N₂吸附-脱附测试、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV?Vis)及电化学测试对材料进行表征。研究发现:CeTiO₄与g?C₃N₄层状纳米片紧密复合,并成功构建了界面异质结结构;形成CTO/CN?x复合相的光催化材料具有良好的可见光光响应性能,且光生空穴-电子对的分离和迁移率明显提高;通过太阳光模拟不同样品光催化降解有机污染物罗丹明B,降解140 min后复合材料CTO/CN?6表现出最高的光催化活性,反应速率常数为0.0202 min^-1。其活性增强的主要原因是异质结结构的构筑降低了CTO光生载流子的复合几率,提高了光生载流子的迁移速率。     

Supramolecular aggregation in new crystals with nonlinear optical properties: 2-aminophenol-HClO4, 3-aminophenol-HClO4 and 4-aminophenol-HClO4

Three new hybrid crystals of 2-aminophenol-HClO₄ (2-AP-HClO₄, 1), 3-aminophenol-HClO₄ (3-AP-HClO₄, 2) and 4-aminophenol-HClO₄ (4-AP-HClO₄, 3) were obtained and their crystal structures determined. The 1 crystallises in centrosymmetric space group C2/c of monoclinic system while the other two (2 and 3) crystallise in the non-centro symmetric space group P2₁ and P2₁2₁2₁, respectively. The oppositely charged units of the crystals, i.e. positively charged 2-APH⁺, 3-APH⁺ and 4-APH⁺ and ClO₄⁻, interact via weak N⁺–HO and O–HO hydrogen bonds forming 3D-supramolecular network. Relative to KDP the SHG efficiencies are 0.62 for 2 and 0.33 for 3, measured at 1064 nm using the Kurtz–Perry method.     

掺加Nd和K改性对Co3O4催化分解N2O活性的影响

用水热法和共沉淀法分别制备了Nd-Co₃O₄催化剂,催化分解N₂O。其中,水热法制备的Nd-Co₃O₄催化活性较高。在不同组成的Nd-Co₃O₄中,优化出了较高活性的0.01Nd-Co₃O₄催化剂,在其表面浸渍K₂CO₃溶液制备K改性催化剂（K/Nd-Co₃O₄）。用X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂物理吸附、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子谱（XPS）、程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、O₂程序升温脱附（O₂-TPD）等技术表征催化剂结构。结果表明,Nd-Co₃O₄和K改性催化剂均为尖晶石结构;K改性弱化了催化剂表面Co-O键,有利于表面氧的脱除,提高了催化剂活性。有氧有水气氛350 ℃连续反应40 h,K/Nd-Co₃O₄催化剂上的N₂O分解率超过90%,稳定性较好。     

Effects of a controlled N2 and O2 addition to Ar on the analytical parameters of the GD-OES

The influence of the controlled addition of N₂ and of O₂ to Ar on the analytical parameters of a dc glow discharge has been investigated for bulk samples of the pure metals Al, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Ag. The constant voltage discharge mode at 1000 V was applied with a mean power of about 1 W/mm². The N₂ and O₂ concentrations in the discharge gas Ar were varied in the range 0–3 mass-%, corresponding to a partial pressure of about 4 · 10^–3 hPa. The general effect of the gaseous addition is the decrease of the sputtering rate with an increasing concentration of N₂ or O₂. Atomic processes, which might be responsible for the observed effects, are discussed.     

Synthesis of Z-scheme g-C3N4 nanosheets/Ag3PO4 photocatalysts with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance for the degradation of tetracycline and dye

Graphene-like C3N4/Ag3PO4 photocatalysts are synthesized by calcination and solutions precipitating method.The obtained g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 composites display excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene orange(MO),rhodamine B(RhB)and tetracycline(TC)under visible light irradiation.The solutions containing RhB(10 mg/L)and MO(10 mg/L)can be efficiently degraded within15 min and 30 min.Especially,nearly 80%of TC(50 mg/L)is degraded within 20 min.which are much better than those of pure g-C3N4 nanosheets and Ag3PO4,implying that strong interaction and reasonable energy band alignment in the contact interface can effectively transfer the carries.Furthermore,the g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 composites exhibit the improved stability,and only a slight decrease is observed after three recycling runs.Moreover,the impact of inorganic ions and PH values on the degradation performance is rather small.The Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism of the g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 composites based on the active species trapping experimental is proposed.This work demonstrates the promising applications of the g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 composites in environmental issues.     

Activity and physicochemical properties of Fe-zeolite catalysts for SCR of N2o with CH4

Summary Various supported Fe catalysts prepared by ion-exchange and impregnation have been examined for the reduction of N₂O by CH₄and the most active is ion-exchanged Fe-ZSM-5 in which Fe species are highly dispersed in the form of Fe³⁺with tetrahedral coordination.     

还原-氧化预处理对Co_3O_4催化分解N_2O性能的影响

采用液相沉淀法制备了Co_3O_4催化剂,并对其进行还原-氧化预处理制得Co_3O_4-RO。通过XRD、N_2-physisorption、Raman、H_2-TPR、XPS和O_2-TPD等技术对催化剂进行表征,在连续流动微反应装置上考察了催化剂催化分解N_2O性能。结果表明,经过还原-氧化预处理,与Co_3O_4催化剂相比,Co_3O_4-RO结晶度变差,晶粒粒径减小,尤其是尖晶石结构重构过程削弱了Co-O键,增强了催化剂表面的氧物种脱附能力,降低了催化分解N_2O反应的活化能,因而显著提高了催化剂的催化活性。同时,Co_3O_4-RO对原料气中的O_22%(体积分数)和H_2O 2. 3%(体积分数)表现出较强的耐受性。     

NiWO_4/g-C_3N_4的制备及其在离子液体中氧化脱硫性能的研究

采用水热法合成了NiWO_4纳米粒子,然后通过混合煅烧法成功地制备了负载型催化剂NiWO_4/g-C_3N_4。采用XRD、FT-IR、EDS、SEM、BET和XPS表征了NiWO_4/g-C_3N_4的形貌和结构特征。以NiWO_4/g-C_3N_4为催化剂,过氧化氢为氧化剂,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体([BMIM]BF4)为萃取剂。考察了催化剂的负载量,过氧化氢、离子液体和催化剂使用量,反应温度,反应时间,不同种类的含硫化合物对脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,在5 m L模拟油,0.2 m L过氧化氢,1.0 m L的[BMIM]BF4,0.03 g的NiWO_4/g-C_3N_4,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为140 min的最佳的反应条件下,脱硫率可以达到97.35%。实验表明,NiWO_4/g-C_3N_4具有很好的催化稳定性,催化剂重复使用五次后催化活性并没有明显地降低。     

Novel measurements of refractive index, density and mid-infrared integrated band strengths for solid O2, N2O and NO2:N2O4 mixtures

We present novel measurements of the refractive index, density and integrated band strengths of mid-infrared features of solid N₂O at 16 K and of NO₂ and N₂O₄ in two frozen NO₂:N₂O₄ mixtures deposited at 16 and 60 K. The refractive index and density measurements were performed also for frozen O₂ deposited at 16 K. In this case, the integrated band strength values could not be determined since O₂ is a homonuclear molecule and therefore its fundamental mode is not infrared active. The solid samples were analysed by infrared spectroscopy in the 8000÷800 cm⁻¹ range. The sample thickness was measured by the interference curve obtained using a He–Ne laser operating at 543 nm. The refractive index at this laser wavelength was obtained, by numerical methods, from the measured amplitude of the interference curve. The density values were obtained using the Lorentz–Lorenz relation. Integrated band strength values were then obtained by a linear fit of the integrated band intensities plotted versus column density values. The astrophysical relevance of these novel measurements is briefly discussed.     

Aqua bridged Cu2 dimer of a heptadentate N4O3 coordinating ligand: Synthesis,structure and magnetic properties

The N₄O₃ coordinating heptadentate imidazolidinyl phenolate ligand, H₃L (2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-bis[4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-azabut-3-enyl]-1,3-imidazolidine) forms with Cu(II) a rare aqua bridged complex [{Cu₂(μ-L)(μ-H₂O)}₂](ClO₄)₂ · 4.5H₂O (1 · 4.5H₂O). Complex 1 · 4.5H₂O contains two crystallographically different but chemically equivalent dinuclear [Cu₂(μ-L)(μ-H₂O)]⁺ cationic units in the asymmetric unit. The copper atoms of each dinuclear unit are in a distorted square-pyramidal environment and are held together by phenolate, imidazolidinyl and aqua bridges with a Cu···Cu separation of av. 3.34 Å. The compound exhibits a very weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction (J = −0.77 cm⁻¹, ? = −2 J?₁?₂) between the two copper(II) (S = 1/2) ions. The ¹H NMR spectrum of the complex shows a total of 17 hyperfine shifted peaks, as expected from the idealized C_s symmetry of the compound, spread over a very large window of chemical shift, spanning about 250 ppm. The complex, having an appropriate intermetallic separation for catechol binding, shows catecholase like activity in MeCN at 25 °C, with the aerobic oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (3,5-DTBC) to 3,5-di-tert-butylquinone (3,5-DTBQ).