克拉玛依市维吾尔族居民膳食调查

为了解新疆克拉玛依市维吾尔族居民膳食营养状况,采用食物频率法对该地区401名维吾尔族居民进行膳食调查和营养评价.结果表明,克拉玛依市维吾尔族居民膳食种类比较单一,导致能量、碳水化合物、硫胺素、核黄素、钙等营养素未达到RNI的要求,而脂肪、胆固醇、盐摄入量偏高.提示硫胺素、核黄素、钙、镁为当地维吾尔族缺乏的营养素,建议对...     

重庆某地区居民膳食及发铁、血红蛋白含量分析

通过对重庆市某地区居民膳食结构和营养状况的调查,了解居民营养状况,特别是铁的营养状况。采用五日回顾法进行了膳食调查,氰化高铁血红蛋白法测定血红蛋白值及示波极谱法测定了发铁含量。结果表明,居民膳食蛋白质、多种维生素、矿物质摄入不足;贫血率为67.81%,发铁含量低于正常值的仅为6.70%。提示两地居民膳食属发展中国家模式,应调整膳食结构,增加豆类及动物性食物的摄入量,并增加含铁食物的摄入量,提高机体对铁的吸收和利用。     

广东省高校大学生膳食调查及营养配餐推荐

本调查报告采用问卷法了解广东主要高校大学生一周内熟食进食量及用餐情况，计算出每人每日热量和各种营养素的摄人量，采用Microsoft Excel软件进行数据处理和统计分析，并用中国营养学会制订的DRIs(膳食营养素参考摄人量)和中国居民膳食指南及平衡膳食宝塔进行比较分析，且通过微量元素检测对结果进行了验证，最后提供了为期一周的营养配餐作为膳食参考。主要调查结果如下：男女生的蛋白质、尼克酸、维生素C、维生素E、碘和男生锰的摄入量已经满足人体需要。男生铁和锰的摄入量基本满足需要。男女生的能量、脂肪、膳食纤维、维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、钙、锌的摄人量都不足，且女生铁的摄人量同样不足。男女生一日三餐热量分配结构十分不平衡，早餐的热量摄入均偏低，膳食结构也不合理。在分析广东省大学生膳食状况的基础上，推出五套营养配餐方案供高校膳食部门和大学生参考选用。     

某地区学龄前儿童膳食营养状况调查分析

目的探究某地区学龄前儿童的膳食营养状况。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取某地区学龄前儿童500人,通过称质量记帐法进行3 d的膳食调查。结果 1某地区学龄前儿童膳食结构不甚合理,蔬菜类、水果类、鱼虾类、牛奶以及豆类的摄入量明显低于推荐量。2某地区学龄前儿童蛋白质、能量摄入量接近膳食营养素推荐摄入量(RNI),但是维生素A、维生素C、钙的摄入量均低于RNI。结论应针对性调整某地区学龄前儿童膳食结构,适当增加蔬菜类、水果类、鱼虾类、牛奶以及豆类食物的摄入量。     

重庆市某高校学生膳食铬摄入水平的测定

为了解重庆市某高校学生膳食铬的摄入水平,随机选取调查对象120人,双份饭法采样食物,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了膳食中铬的含量。结果表明,大学生膳食铬的平均摄入量男生为4.68 mg/d,女生为3.80 mg/d,分别是适宜摄入量(adequate Intake,AI)的23.4倍和19倍,也显著超过了铬的每日允许摄入量(acceptable daily Intake,ADI)1.0 mg/d。可见高校学生膳食铬摄入水平超过了推荐膳食摄入量和安全限量,但其对健康的影响有待进一步明确。     

广东某高校学生膳食硒摄入状况

为了解广东大学生膳食硒的摄入状况,进而了解广州市居民的膳食硒摄入状况,采用单纯随机抽样的方法随机选取广东某高校某班学生10人,男女生各半,用双份饭法收集这10名学生连续7d内每天摄入的全部食物（包括饮水、饮料、零食等）,共70份样品,用荧光分光光度法测定了各样品的硒含量,得到学生在调查期间膳食硒的摄入状况。结果表明,男、女生人均膳食硒摄人量分别为86．51μg／d和69．92μg／d,学生总体人均膳食硒摄入量为78．22μg／d。该校学生膳食硒的摄入量达到了中国营养学会推荐的参考摄入量（50—250μg／d）的要求。     

平煤二小学生膳食状况调查

为了解平煤二小学生的膳食结构,合理安排学生膳食提供依据,用称重法对134名学生的膳食进行了5日的调查。结果表明,钙元素摄入严重不足,仅占供给量(RDA)的40．56％;其次是维生素A、胡萝卜素、核黄素摄入不足,分别为供给量(RDA)的62．32％、51．97％、54．17％;脂肪偏高,碳水化合物偏低。提示该校学生营养素摄入不均衡,钙元素摄入量不足尤为突出,膳食结构需要改进。     

贵州省城乡居民10年间膳食结构调查分析

调查了贵州省城乡居民膳食结构。结果表明，１９８２～１９９２年贵州居民膳食结构发生了较大改变，但与中国２０００年推荐膳食目标相比，仍有较大差距，特别是钙与某些维生素摄入量偏低。对此提出了建议。     

膳食分析结合铁剂治疗妊娠期贫血的疗效探讨

目的研究膳食分析结合铁剂治疗妊娠期贫血的临床疗效。方法选取2013年1月—2015年1月吉安市青原区人民医院收治的妊娠期贫血的患者108例,随机分为两组,观察组和对照组,每组54例。对照组对患者进行膳食分析,但是不进行铁剂药物治疗,观察组对患者进行膳食指导,结合铁剂药物治疗。对比两组的治疗效果。结果经过膳食指导后两组孕妇的膳食营养摄入量达标人数均有显著的提高,指导前后相比差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。但是指导后观察组孕妇的膳食营养摄入量达标人数明显高于对照组膳食营养摄入量的达标人数,两组相比差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组和对照组在妊娠早期的贫血发生率相比,无显著差异,不具有统计学意义(P0.05),但是,两组患者的晚期的贫血情况发生率相比,差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对妊娠期贫血患者进行膳食分析结合铁剂治疗,具有非常良好的临床疗效。     

广东某高校学生膳食镉摄入状况

目的通过分析膳食镉摄入量与膳食摄入状况之间的关联性,揭示广东某高校学生膳食镉摄入量与摄入状况之间的关系。方法本文采用双份饭法收集该校某班10名学生(男女各半)连续7 d每天摄入的全部食物作为样品,共70份,经匀浆处理后得到36个实验样品,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定上述样品的镉含量。结果该校学生膳食镉的摄入量男生为74.74μg/d,女生为67.64μg/d;学生膳食摄入状况与膳食镉摄入量之间的关联性依次是:膳食总量(r=0.84)摄入的鱼量(r=0.74)摄入的米饭量(r=0.67)摄入的鸡肉量(r=0.65)摄入的青菜量(r=0.52)摄入的鸡蛋量(r=0.50)。结论男女生膳食镉摄入量均超出了相应的允许摄入限量,膳食镉摄入量与膳食摄入总量、摄入食品种类和调查对象的性别有关。     

Iodine and creatinine testing in urine dried on filter paper

Iodine deficiency is a world-wide health problem. A simple, convenient, and inexpensive method to monitor urine iodine levels would have enormous benefit in determining an individual's recent iodine intake or in identifying populations at risk for iodine deficiency or excess. Current methods used to monitor iodine levels require collection of a large volume of urine and its transport to a testing laboratory, both of which are inconvenient and impractical in parts of the world lacking refrigerated storage and transportation. To circumvent these limitations we developed and validated methods to collect and measure iodine and creatinine in urine dried on filter paper strips. We tested liquid urine and liquid-extracted dried urine for iodine and creatinine in a 96-well format using Sandell–Kolthoff and Jaffe reactions, respectively. Our modified dried urine iodine and creatinine assays correlated well with established liquid urine methods (iodine: R² = 0.9483; creatinine: R² = 0.9782). Results demonstrate that the dried urine iodine and creatinine assays are ideal for testing the iodine status of individuals and for wide scale application in iodine screening programs.     

Assessment of Iodine in the Diet of People Living Around a Nuclear Reprocessing Plant: Dose-Related Consequences of an Intake of 129I

It is important that in radioiodine dosimetry for low levels of daily intake, allowance must be made for the normal daily intake of stable iodine. This intake varies from one region to another, and variations are observed from one person to the next within a region, depending on eating habits. Measuring iodine in the urine over 24 hours can indirectly assess these variations. Analysis of the total iodine in the urine was carried out for 69 French people living in a temperate maritime region or in mainland France. This study justifies individual assessment of the coefficient of iodine transfer to the thyroid by means of this survey based on the urinary iodine analysis. The consequences for man of the release of ¹²⁹I around a nuclear reprocessing plant were analyzed by applying the methodology published previously by the authors. A software program based on the iodine biokinetic model recommended by the ICRP was used to calculate the daily urine excretion of ¹²⁹I for five different diets of total iodide in a ratio of 10^-4 for ¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I. This model makes it possible to set a practical detection limit of 20 mBq (0.003 µg). This approach is important from a practical point of view for health physicists involved in routine monitoring of workers in the nuclear field and members of the public exposed to radioiodine released into the environment.     

顺序注射尿碘测定仪的研制及应用

研制了一种顺序注射尿碘分析仪,将顺序注射技术与催化动力学分析相结合,利用碘对砷-铈氧化还原反应的催化作用,建立了顺序注射尿碘测定方法.采用流速和推吸可控的程控注射器及16孔程控选择阀,实现了顺序注射进样和停留稳态测量.恒温流动池使碘催化的砷-铈反应可以在恒温状态下进行.应用自行设计的微机接口电路和尿碘测定的应用软件,控制反应温度(32.0±0.1)℃,流动配送时间45 s,停流稳定时间60 s,停流检测时间20 s,进样量400 μL.本方法线性范围为15～600 μg/L,检出限为5.01 μg/L(n=11),回收率为94.1%～105.1%.对国家标准参考物质(GBW09109和 GBW09110)的测定结果在给定的标准值范围内.应用本方法检测尿碘并与国家卫生行业标准方法(WS/ T107-2006)进行比较,测定结果无显著性差异(P>0.05).     

重庆地区儿童尿碘重复测量数据混合线性模型研究

为研究8～10岁儿童白天时段尿碘含量变化规律,给统一尿样采集时间提供理论依据,采集重庆市区一所住宿小学的60名8～10岁儿童1 d的晨尿、10:00 am、12:30、4:00 pm时段的尿样,采用砷铈催化分光光度法检测了尿碘含量,用混合线性模型(mixed linear models)分析了尿碘数据。结果表明,不同年龄、不同时间点的尿碘含量存在差异,10:00 am尿与晨尿尿碘值最为接近。提示应用10:00 am尿样通过乘以校正系数1.094,0.997和1.072的修正值代替晨尿可以使尿碘水平具有代表性和可行性,混合线性模型能够有效地处理重复测量数据。     

Assessment of iodine content in Brazilian duplicate portion diets and in table salt

Excess dietary intake may increase the risk for the hyperthyroidism in the elderly. This study investigated iodine dietary intake by epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) analyzing duplicate portion diet and fortified table salt samples. Duplicate diet samples were obtained from a group of twenty-five steel mill workers from the city of São Paulo, over a 3-day period. The samples were freeze dried, mixed and homogenized. Fortified table salt brands were collected from the market and were analyzed with no pre-treatment. Assays for the iodine concentration in the table salt samples revealed values between 24 to 65 mg/kg. The average iodine daily intake for the worker’s diets was 813 μg/day, ranging from 402 to 1363 μg/day. In some cases daily intakes were around 10 times higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) value (150 μg/day).     

Iodine determination in dietary supplement products by TXRF and ICP-AES spectrometry

About two-thirds of the Hungarian population is living in areas where drinking water contains less than 0.025 mg/L I₂. Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) is 0.150 mg for adults (WHO [17]). In the case of iodine deficiency mineral water containing iodine and seaweed products could serve as the natural source of this element. In the present study, the capability and limitations of total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission (ICP-AES) spectrometry for the determination of iodine are discussed, in the case of commercially available dietary supplements and differently processed seaweed (kelp) products. Multi-mineral tablets and kelp samples were digested using concentrated nitric acid before analysis. Extraction using a 25% ammonia solution was proved to be effective as an alternative sample preparation procedure for seaweed and dietary supplement tablets containing iodine. Precipitation of silver iodide, as a sample preparation step of mineral water, was applied to prevent loss of volatile iodine during solvent evaporation. ICP-AES measurement was found to be seriously affected by spectral line coincidence between the prominent line of iodine and the adjacent phosphorus line. TXRF was proved to be line coincidence free and suitable for iodine analysis. TXRF determination of iodine in mineral water, in seaweed samples and in dietary supplement tablets has not been reported yet.     

Determination of iodine in human nails via epithermal neutron activation analysis

An epithermal instrumental neutron activation analysis (EINAA) method, using a boron nitride irradiation capsule compatible with use in the University of Missouri Research Reactor pneumatic-tube irradiation facility, has been developed for the analysis of iodine in human nails. The principal objective was to determine if the nail could be used as a means of monitoring dietary intake of iodine. The EINAA method was used to analyze nails from subjects having iodine intakes that could be qualitatively differentiated. Iodine concentrations in nails from these subjects were positively correlated with apparent iodine intake.     

Development of a portableα-particle counter for public acceptance activities

There is currently great interest in iodine as a micro nutrient. Both high and low intakes have been associated with thyroid cancer incidence. Development of dietary iodine monitors is needed to supplement the use of dietary recall methods which have not been well validated for iodine. In this study, 30 pooled urine samples, from ethnic groups on various islands in the South Pacific, were analyzed for iodine using epithermal instrumental neutron activation analysis (EINAA).University of Mo Chemistry Department, Columbia, MO 65211     

碘从环境向人类食物链的迁移

综述了碘从环境向人类食物链的迁移，包括：碘在环境中的行为，在土壤-植物-人类系统中的迁移，碘在土壤中的化学形态及在自然界的循环，碘对动植物生长发育的影响，重点介绍了碘对人体的生理作用及对人类健康的的影响，最后对调控人体碘的水平提出了建议和对策。