改良的5-Br-PADAP光度法测定水中铜离子含量

目的建立了改良的5-Br-PADAP光度法测定水中铜离子含量。方法为在表面活性剂存在下,用2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基酚(5-Br-PADAP)为显色剂测定水中铜离子含量。结果该法线性范围0~0.24 mg/L,平均回收率为99.9%,批内变异系数(CV)和批间变异系数分别为1.08%~2.62%和4.23%~4.57%,与原子吸收分光光度法比较具有良好的相关性,线性回归方程和相关系数分别为y=0.983 4 x+0.002 1,r=0.999 1。结论用改良的5-Br-PADAP光度法测定水中铜离子浓度方法简便、灵敏可靠,适合推广应用。     

三试剂自动分析法测定血清总铁结合力——5-Br-PADAP直接光度法

为建立简便、灵敏的测定血清总铁结合力(TIBC)自动化分析法,在表面活性剂存在下,用2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基酚(5-Br-PADAP)为显色剂测定血清TIBC。该法线性范围0~180μmol/L,平均回收率为99.71%,批内变异系数(CV)和批间变异系数分别为0.024、0.041,与临床检验操作规程推荐的方法比较具有良好的相关性,线性回归方程和相关系数分别为y=0.994 3x 1.220 6,r=0.996 8。血清TIBC含量测定结果(-x±2s):105例健康男性48.0~76.0μmol/L,98例健康女性血清52.0~76.0μmol/L。可见用5-Br-PADAP三试剂自动化分析法测定血清TIBC方法简便、灵敏可靠,适合临床应用。     

改良的分光光度法测定血清缺血修饰白蛋白

目的建立改良的分光光度法测定血清缺血修饰白蛋白。方法为通过确定试剂中的各成分的含量、缓冲体系、抗干扰体系以及抗氧化体系等关键技术的解决,建立改良钴-白蛋白结合测试法测定血清IMA。结果该法测定的血清缺血修饰白蛋白,线性范围为0~180 U/m L,平均回收率为99.3%,批内变异系数和批间变异系数分别为1.17%~3.11%和2.15%~4.21%,准确性和重复性较好,线性回归方程为y=0.986 7 x+0.4,相关系数为r=0.999 3。结论用该文建立的方法测定血清IMA含量,具有测定简便、灵敏度高等特点,适合推广应用。     

以5-Br-PADAP为显色剂计算法测定血清总铁结合力

建立了以5-Br-PADAP为显色剂计算法测定血清总铁结合力(TIBC)的方法,通过测定血清铁和血清未饱和铁(UIBC)含量,以血清铁和血清UIBC含量之和计算血清TIBC含量。该法线性范围0~168μmol/L,平均回收率为100.4%,批内变异系数(CV)和批间变异系数分别为0.031、0.046,与临床检验操作规程推荐的方法比较具有良好的相关性,线性回归方程和相关系数分别为y=0.9978x 1.26,r=0.9745。65例健康男性血清TIBC含量为47.61~76.24μmol/L(x±2s),57例健康女性血清TIBC含量为52.56~77.45μmol/L(x±2s)。以5-Br-PADAP为显色剂计算法测定血清总铁结合力TIBC方法简便、灵敏可靠,适合临床应用。     

5-Br-PADAP直接光度法测定发锌

为建立一种简便、快速、灵敏的直接光度法测定发锌,将发样经无机化处理后,以5-Br-PADAP作为显色剂,在表面活性剂存在下直接光度法测定头发锌含量。结果表明,该法线性范围为0～612.0μmol/L,回收率为99.4％～102.4％,批内变异系数(CV)和批间变异系数分别为0.027和0.033。55例健康人头发锌含量为171.8±67.5μg(x±2s)。可见5-Br-PADAP直接光度法测定发锌具有操作简单、快速灵敏、结果可靠的优点,适合临床应用。     

5-Br-PADCAP 直接光度法测定血清未饱和铁结合力

为建立简便、灵敏的双试剂自动化分析法测定血清未饱和铁结合力(UIBC),在表面活性剂存在下,用2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-[(N,N-二羧基甲基)氨基]苯酚(5-Br-PADCAP)为显色剂测定血清UIBC。结果表明,线性范围0~90μmol/L,平均回收率101.57%,批内变异系数(CV)和批间变异系数分别为0.028、0.046,与日本和光UIBC测定试剂盒比较具有良好的相关性,线性回归方程和相关系数分别为y=1.0133x-0.3356,r=0.9961。108例健康人血清UIBC含量为31.65~50.81μmol/L(±2s)。用5-Br-PADCAP双试剂自动化分析法测定血清UIBC方法简便、灵敏可靠,适合临床应用。     

镁离子增强的PETIA法检测血清胱抑素C试剂研制与评价

研制与评价一种镁离子增强的PETIA法检测血清胱抑素C试剂。在含有聚乙二醇6000和镁离子的p H 7.6的Tris-HCl缓冲液中,胱抑素C与包被有胱抑素C抗体的纳米胶乳微球反应并形成一定浊度,该浊度与样品中胱抑素C浓度成正比。该法线性范围为0~15.00 mg/L,批内和批间精密度(CV)分别为0.54%~1.81%和0.72%~2.23%,平均回收率为99.9%,该法(y)与参考方法(x)具有良好的相关性,线性回归方程和相关系数分别为y=0.998 4 x+0.026,r=0.998 4。所述的试剂测定血清胱抑素C,具有操作简便、线性范围宽、灵敏度高的优点,具有推广应用价值。     

以Nitro-PAPS为显色剂计算法测定血清总铁结合力

建立了以2-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-[N-正丙基-N-(3-磺酸丙基)氨基]苯酚二钠(nitro-PAPS)为显色剂、计算法测定血清总铁结合力(TIBC)的方法,通过测定血清铁和血清未饱和铁(UIBC)含量,以血清铁和血清UIBC含量之和计算血清TIBC含量。该法线性范围0～170μmol/L,平均回收率为101.1%,批内变异系数(CV)和批间变异系数分别为0.033、0.042,与临床检验操作规程推荐的方法比较具有良好的相关性,线性回归方程和相关系数分别为y=1.002 3 x 1.44,r=0.971 21。86例健康男性血清TIBC含量为47.5～76.6μmol/L(x±2 s),70例健康女性血清TIBC含量为52.7～77.6μmol/L(x±2 s)。以nitro-PAPS为显色剂计算法测定血清总铁结合力TIBC方法简便、灵敏可靠,适合临床应用。     

新的匀相清除法测定血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇

为建立利用混合表面活性剂做为抑制剂测定血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的新匀相法,将血清标本中的LDL-C、VLDL-C、CM等脂蛋白组分用HLB值为13.2的混合表面活性剂特异性清除,仅剩余HDL-C裂解参加胆固醇反应。结果表明,该法的线性区间为3.90 mmol/L;回收率为96.2%～103.7%;批内变异系数(CV)和批间变异系数(CV)分别为0.65%～2.88%、1.25%～3.56%;该法与参考方法回归方程及相关系数分别为y=1.010 2 x+0.078 8,r=0.976 2,相关性良好;当c(LDL-C)<12.8 mmol/L、c(TG)<12 mmol/L、ρ(胆红素)<320 mg/L、ρ(血红蛋白)<14 g/L对该法测定不干扰。该法实现了用表面活性剂为清除剂的HDL-C匀相法直接测定,在测定过程中既无明显浊度产生,也不堵塞自动分析仪的管道,而且具有良好的精密度和准确性,适合临床上推广应用。     

两次双波长分光光度法同时测定痕量钴和镍

以PAR为显色剂,乳化剂OP为增敏剂,采用系数补偿和双峰双波长的两次双波长分光光度法同时测定痕量钴(Ⅱ)和镍(Ⅱ),钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)的线性范围分别为0～25、0～20μg/(25mL),回收率分别为97．0％～102．0％、92．4％～105．0％。该法用于矿样的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0．76％～2．9％。     

三试剂自动分析法测定血清总铁结合力：Nitro—PAPS直接光度法

为建立简便、灵敏的三试剂自动化分析法测定血清总铁结合力（TIBC）,在表面活性剂存在下,用2-（5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮）-5-[N-正丙基-N-（3-磺酸丙基）氨基]苯酚二钠（Nitro—PAPS）为显色剂测定了血清TIBC。结果表明,该法线性范围0～195μmol／L,平均回收率为100．7％,批内变异系数（CV）和批间变异系数分别为0．019、0．032;与临床检验操作规程推荐的方法比较具有良好的相关性,线性回归方程和相关系数分别为Y=1．0021x＋1．2100,r=0．9798;78例健康男性血清TIBC含量（x±2s）为46．8—76．1μmol／L,75例健康女性为52．8—77．6μmol／L。方法简便、灵敏可靠,适合临床应用。     

新的铬天青B直接光度法测定血清总铁结合力

为建立新的铬天青B直接光度法测定血清总铁结合力（TIBC）,在表面活性剂存在下,用铬天青B（CAB）为显色剂测定了血TIBC。结果表明,该法线性范围0～160μmol／L,平均回收率为99．4％,批内变异系数（CV）和批间变异系数分别为0．020、0．035,与临床检验操作规程推荐的方法比较具有良好的相关性,线性回归方程和相关系数分别为y=1．0033x＋0．4510,r=0．9982;60例健康男性血清TIBC含量为46．2～75．8μmol／L（x±2s）,60例健康女性血清TIBC含量为51．8～76．9μmol／L（x±2s）。用新的铬天青B直接光度法测定血清总铁结合力方法简便、灵敏可靠,适合临床应用。     

Magnetic polyoxometalates: anisotropic antiferro- and ferromagnetic exchange interactions in the pentameric cobalt(II) cluster

The ground-state properties of the pentameric Co(II) cluster [Co(3)W(D(2)O)(2)(CoW(9)O(34))(2)](12-) were investigated by combining magnetic susceptibility and low-temperature magnetization measurements with a detailed inelastic neutron scattering (INS) study on a fully deuterated polycrystalline sample of Na(12)[Co(3)W(D(2)O)(2)(CoW(9)O(34))(2)].46D(2)O. The encapsulated magnetic Co(5) unit consists of three octahedral and two tetrahedral oxo-coordinated Co(II) ions. Thus, two different types of exchange interactions are present within this cluster: a ferromagnetic interaction between the octahedral Co(II) ions and an antiferromagnetic interaction between the octahedral and the tetrahedral Co(II) ions. As a result of the single-ion anisotropy of the octahedral Co(II) ions, the appropriate exchange Hamiltonian to describe the ground-state properties of the Co(5) spin cluster is anisotropic and is expressed as H = -2 summation operator(i= x,y,z)J(1)(i)[S(1)(i)S(2)(i) + S(2)(i)S(3)(i)] + J(2)(i)[S(1)(i)S(5)(i) + S(2)(i)S(5)(i) + S(2)(i)S(6)(i) + S(3)(i)S(6)(i)], where J(1)(i) are the components of the exchange interaction between the octahedral Co(II) ions and J(2)(i) are the components of the exchange interaction between the octahedral and tetrahedral Co(II) ions (see Figure 1d). The study of the exchange interactions in the two structurally related polyoxoanions [Co(4)(H(2)O)(2)(PW(9)O(34))(2)](10)(-) and [Co(3)W(H(2)O)(2)(ZnW(9)O(34))(2)](12)(-) allowed an independent determination of the ferromagnetic exchange parameters J(1)(x) = 0.70 meV, J(1)(y) = 0.43 meV, and J(1)(z) = 1.51 meV (set a) and J(1)(x) = 1.16 meV, J(1)(y) = 1.16 meV and J(1)(z) = 1.73 meV (set b), respectively. Our analysis proved to be much more sensitive to the size and anisotropy of the antiferromagnetic exchange interaction J(2). We demonstrate that this exchange interaction exhibits a rhombic anisotropy with exchange parameters J(2)(x) = -1.24 meV, J(2)(y) = -0.53 meV, and J(2)(z) = -1.44 meV (set a) or J(1)(x) = -1.19 meV, J(1)(y) = -0.53 meV, and J(1)(z) = -1.44 meV (set b). The two parameter sets reproduce in a satisfactory manner the susceptibility, magnetization, and INS properties of the title compound.     

以金属离子为增稳剂的酶法终点法测定MPT- NAG含量

建立了快速、简便、灵敏地测定MPT - NAG含量的酶法终点法.以金属离子为增稳剂,N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)催化6-甲基-2-硫代吡啶-N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷(MPT - NAG)水解,生成产物6-甲基-2巯基吡啶(MPT),MPT在340 nm处有吸收峰,通过测定340 nm处吸光度值计算M...     

Theoretical study of structure and photoelectron spectroscopy of In(x)P(y)- and In(x)P(y) (x + y < or = 6) clusters

The geometries and vibrational frequencies of In(x)P(y)- and In(x)P(y) are investigated by hybrid B3LYP functional for x + y < or = 6 and CCSD(T) method for x + y < or = 3. As for the small clusters having two to three atoms, the geometrical and electronic structures and vibrational frequencies at the B3LYP level are in good agreement with those at the CCSD(T) level. Among the most stable structures of In(x)P(y)- and In(x)P(y) (x + y < or = 6) clusters the P-rich clusters are more stable than In-rich clusters. Moreover, we found that those P atoms in In(x)P(y)- and In(x)P(y) (x + y < or = 6) clusters prefer to form a P-P bond, triangle, quadrangle, and pentagon for y = 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Also, the vertical detachment energies of In(x)P(y)- (x + y < or = 6) and electron affinities of In(x)P(y) (x + y < or = 6) clusters obtained by B3LYP are in good agreement with the experimental values available. Theoretically, we show that the electron affinity of In3P3 is very low because, as observed in the experiment, there is a formation of a new P-P bond after an electron is lost from In(3)P(3)-, and we find that the similar phenomena exhibit in In2P4(-) cluster as well.     

Flow-injection and sequential-injection determinations of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations using nitrosation reaction.

A simple FI and two different SI systems have been investigated for the determination of paracetamol by employing a simple reagent for a nitrosation reaction. It is based on the on-line nitrosation of paracetamol with sodium nitrite in an acidic medium. The formed nitroso derivative species reacts further with sodium hydroxide to convert it to a more stable compound. The yellow product is continuously monitored at 430 nm. The FI system is very simple and cost effective for fast manual operation (60 injections/h; y = 0.268x + 44.314, r2 = 0.9910 for 400 - 1000 mg/l and y = 0.1687x + 145.72, r2 = 0.9970 for 1000 - 2500 mg/l). The two SI systems with different components and configurations are automated and optimized for the conditions for which no extra dilution is to be required for sample handling: one with a syringe pump and two selection valves (60 samples/h; y = 0.1488x - 4.7297, r2 = 0.9946 for 400 - 1000 mg/l and y = 0.0858x + 63.933, r2 = 0.9849 for 1000 - 2500 mg/l); the other is simpler and more cost-effective, with an autoburette and only one selection valve (15 samples/h; y = 0.0072x + 1.1467, r2 = 0.9977 for 200 - 1000 mg/l and y = 0.0028x + 5.4699, r2 = 0.9879 for 1000 - 2500 mg/l). They have all been applied to assay paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations. The obtained results agree with those by the US Pharmacopeia method.     

利用液相色谱–质谱联用技术研究二元表面活性剂体系–啶虫脒微乳剂热贮稳定性

应用液相色谱–质谱联用技术评价复配的阴/非离子二元表面活性剂复合体系–啶虫脒微乳剂的热贮稳定性。将二元表面活性剂复合体系–啶虫脒微乳剂于(54±2)℃下贮藏14天,取出后于室温下干燥24 h,用液相色谱–质谱联用仪测定啶虫脒含量。该法线性拟合方程为y=97 060.72x+542 587.4,线性范围为0.01~0.25 mg/L,相关系数为0.999 8。方法检出限为0.001 mg/L(S/N=3),色谱保留时间和色谱峰面积重复性分别为0.31%,1.44%(n=6),加标回收率为86.23%~107.20%。该法具有简单、准确和灵敏的特点。     

Monoclonal-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic assay for enrofloxacin in biological matrices

Enrofloxacin has been increasingly used in veterinary medicine to treat microbial infections. A simple and reliable analytical method for this drug is required. The current determination by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is sensitive but labor-intensive. This paper reports an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) and the development of a rapid test kit based on immunochromatography. The detection limits using the ELISA were 10 ppb for chicken liver and muscle, and 1 ppb for cattle milk, respectively. The mean recovery values were 77.3-96.0% for chicken liver, 72.4-92.0% for chicken muscle and 84.0-99.0% for cattle milk. The detection limits using the kit were ca. 100 ppb for chicken muscle and ca. 10 ppb for cattle milk, respectively. All ELISA results for assay of chicken liver, chicken muscle and cattle milk were confirmed using HPLC which is used as the routine assay. The HPLC (x) and ELISA (y) results showed close correlation for chicken liver (y = 8.7 + 0.85x, r2 = 0.99, n = 25), chicken muscle (y = -3.9 + 0.94x, r2 = 0.98, n = 25) and cattle milk (y = 18.4 + 0.92x, r2 = 0.99, n = 25).     

Relationship between the electrochemical behavior and Li arrangement in Li(x)M(y)Mn(2-y)O4 (M = Co, Cr) with spinel structure

The relationship between the electrochemical behavior and the arrangement of lithium/vacancies has been investigated with electrochemical Li removal in Li(x)M(y)Mn(2-y)O4 (x < or = 1.0, 0.0 < or = y < or = 0.3, M = Co, Cr). It was shown that the electrochemical removal proceeds via two voltage regions: (1) approximately 3.9 V at x > or = approximately 0.5 and (2) approximately 4.2 V at x < or = approximately 0.5. To understand the stepwise behavior, entropy measurement of reaction, DeltaS(obs), was performed by using the electrochemical methods. The changes of the sign in deltaS(obs) from negative to positive at the composition x approximately 0.50 in Li(x)M(y)Mn(2-y)O4 indicated that the ordered arrangement of Li/vacancies was formed with electrochemical Li removal. Moreover, such an ordering was suppressed by the substitution of Co3+ and Cr3+ for Mn3+. To clarify the nature and origin of Li/vacancy ordering, the Monte Carlo simulation was performed in view of Coulombic interaction. The simulation reproduced the formation of a new phase arising from Li/vacancy ordering at x = 0.50 in Li(x)Mn2O4. In addition, the ordered arrangement of Li/vacancy at x = 0.5 was perturbed by the trivalent M3+ replacement in spinel structure due to the local clustering of Li+ around M3+. Consequently, the electrochemical behavior in spinel LiMn2O4 was deeply related to the Coulombic interactions, proved by the fact that experimentally observed changes in entropy agreed well with Monte Carlo simulation based on the Coulombic interaction.