Covalent Surface Modification of Oxide Surfaces

The modification of surfaces by the deposition of a robust overlayer provides an excellent handle with which to tune the properties of a bulk substrate to those of interest. Such control over the surface properties becomes increasingly important with the continuing efforts at down‐sizing the active components in optoelectronic devices, and the corresponding increase in the surface area/volume ratio. Relevant properties to tune include the degree to which a surface is wetted by water or oil. Analogously, for biosensing applications there is an increasing interest in so‐called “romantic surfaces”: surfaces that repel all biological entities, apart from one, to which it binds strongly. Such systems require both long lasting and highly specific tuning of the surface properties. This Review presents one approach to obtain robust surface modifications of the surface of oxides, namely the covalent attachment of monolayers.     

Dynamic Covalent Nanoparticle Building Blocks

Rational and generalisable methods for engineering surface functionality will be crucial to realising the technological potential of nanomaterials. Nanoparticle‐bound dynamic covalent exchange combines the error‐correcting and environment‐responsive features of equilibrium processes with the stability, structural precision, and vast diversity of covalent chemistry, defining a new and powerful approach for manipulating structure, function and properties at nanomaterial surfaces. Dynamic covalent nanoparticle (DCNP) building blocks thus present a whole host of possibilities for constructing adaptive systems, devices and materials that incorporate both nanoscale and molecular functional components. At the same time, DCNPs have the potential to reveal fundamental insights regarding dynamic and complex chemical systems confined to nanoscale interfaces.     

碲化镉纳米晶与聚合物复合研究进展

综述了近年来半导体纳米晶CdTe/聚合物复合材料在电致发光器件和复合发光材料方面的研究和应用进展情况,详细介绍了CdTe与水溶性高分子,非水溶性高分子以及生物大分子的复合情况,并展望了其发展前景。     

Using an electrical potential to reversibly switch surfaces between two states for dynamically controlling cell adhesion

Smart surfaces presenting both antifouling molecules with a charged functional group at their distal end, and molecules that are terminated by RGD peptides for cell adhesion, were fabricated and characterized (see picture). By applying potentials of +300 or -300?mV, the surfaces could be dynamically switched to make the peptide accessible or inaccessible to cells.     

电化学法合成强荧光CdTe量子点

采用电化学方法产生的H2Te为碲源(Te2-),快速合成了水溶性强荧光的CdTe量子点.该方法具有操作简单、安全、快速廉价和可大量制备等优点.合成过程中考察了合成温度,pH值和配体比例对制备CdTe量子点的影响.在最优化的实验条件下,电化学方法合成的巯基丙酸配位的CdTe荧光量子产率可达到55％;通过紫外可见光谱(UV...     

Application of synchronous fluorescence scan spectroscopy for size dependent simultaneous analysis of CdTe nanocrystals and their mixtures

In this paper, synchronous fluorescence scan (SFS) spectroscopy has been applied for the first time for the simultaneous determination of a mixture of CdTe fluorescent nanocrystals (NCs) of various sizes without a pre-separation step. It is observed that synchronous fluorescence maximum correlates well with the size of the nanocrystals, i.e.; the is useful to determine size dependency of NCs. Synchronous fluorescence maximum along with the second derivative can identify individual NCs in a mixture in water. The method is found to be simple, sensitive, selective and fast for NCs determination in aqueous media.     

Spectral,Optical, and Photocatalytic Characteristics of Quantum-Sized Particles of CdTe

Methods were developed for the synthesis of quantum-sized particles of CdTe, stabilized in aqueous solutions of thioglycolic acid, using H₂Te or NaHTe produced in situ by electrochemical reduction of tellurium. The spectral and optical characteristics of the synthesized CdTe nanoparticles were studied. It was found that they have photocatalytic activity in the reduction of methylviologen with sodium sulfite.     

巯基乙胺稳定的水溶性CdTe纳米粒子的合成与表征

用巯基乙胺(cysteamine，CA)作为稳定剂，在水相中合成了发光可调的CdTe半导体纳米粒子。这些巯基乙胺稳定的CdTe纳米粒子表面带有大量的正电荷。实验结果表明，稳定剂与Cd的比例以及pH等实验条件对CdTe纳米粒子体系的荧光发射强度影响较大。在pH为6.1时，纳米粒子体系在橙红波段的荧光量子产率达到了9%左右。控制实验条件，合成了各种尺寸的CdTe纳米粒子，荧光发射光谱在520～600 nm范围连续可调。分别用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)，透射电子显微镜(TEM)，X射线衍射仪(XRD)，红外吸收     

A quantitative, real-time assessment of binding of peptides and proteins to gold surfaces

Interactions of peptides and proteins with inorganic surfaces are important to both natural and artificial systems; however, a detailed understanding of such interactions is lacking. In this study, we applied new approaches to quantitatively measure the binding of amino acids and proteins to gold surfaces. Real‐time surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements showed that TEM1‐β‐lactamase inhibitor protein (BLIP) interacts only weakly with Au nanoparticles (NPs). However, fusion of three histidine residues to BLIP (3H‐BLIP) resulted in a significant increase in the binding to the Au NPs, which further increased when the histidine tail was extended to six histidines (6H‐BLIP). Further increasing the number of His residues had no effect on the binding. A parallel study using continuous (111)‐textured Au surfaces and single‐crystalline, (111)‐oriented, Au islands by ellipsometry, FTIR, and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy further confirmed the results, validating the broad applicability of Au NPs as model surfaces. Evaluating the binding of all other natural amino acid homotripeptides fused to BLIP (except Cys and Pro) showed that aromatic and positively‐charged residues bind preferentially to Au with respect to small aliphatic and negatively charged residues, and that the rate of association is related to the potency of binding. The binding of all fusions was irreversible. These findings were substantiated by SPR measurements of synthesized, free, soluble tripeptides using Au‐NP‐modified SPR chips. Here, however, the binding was reversible allowing for determination of binding affinities that correlate with the binding potencies of the related BLIP fusions. Competition assays performed between 3H‐BLIP and the histidine tripeptide (3 His) suggest that Au binding residues promote the adsorption of proteins on the surface, and by this facilitate the irreversible interaction of the polypeptide chain with Au. The binding of amino acids to Au was simulated by using a continuum solvent model, showing agreement with the experimental values. These results, together with the observed binding potencies and kinetics of the BLIP fusions and free peptides, suggest a binding mechanism that is markedly different from biological protein–protein interactions.     

Organically Modified Silicates and Ceramics as Two-Phasic Systems: Synthesis and Processing

Based on the concept of controlling the particle size by the surface free energy, the growth of sol-gel derived nanoparticles (Al₂O₃, TiO₂, ZrO₂) has been investigated in presence of molecules with binding ability to the growing particles. The investigations show that the use of silanes, carboxylic acid or β-diketones allows to replace electrostatic sol stabilisation by steric sol stabilisation and through this, high solid content sols can be obtained. The introduction of these sols into orgaic or ormocer type of matrices leads to nano composites with degrees of filling up to 40 wt.-% without agglomeration and with high optical quality. Already developed TiO₂ containing bulk materials, ultrahard coatings on plastic and adhesives for fiber to chip coupling are examples for the usefulness of this alternative sol-gel route. The nanocomposite materials show interesting mechanical and thermomechanical properties such as high hardness or low thermal expansion compared to unfilled systems.     

CdTe荧光量子点与苯胺之间相互作用的研究

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂在水相中合成了CdTe荧光量子点,并使之与苯胺(Aniline)耦联.通过红外光谱分析,证实CdTe荧光量子点同Aniline的耦合主要是通过量子点周围巯基乙酸的—COOH与苯胺的—NH2形成的氢键实现的.将CdTe-苯胺、CdTe-丙氨酸(Alanine)耦合物荧光光谱的强度进行对比,发现苯环的存在可以极大地增强耦合物的荧光强度.     

CdTe量子点荧光探针测定氯霉素含量的研究

在水溶液体系中制备出了具有高质量荧光性能,巯基乙酸(TGA)修饰的CdTe量子点(QDs),基于量子点与氯霉素混合后发生荧光猝灭作用,建立CdTe量子点作为荧光探针测定氯霉素的新方法。在Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 7.00,0.10 mol·L-1)中,反应时间为10min时,氯霉素浓度在10～70μg·mL-1范围内与CdTe量子点的荧光猝灭程度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9981,检出限为0.799μg.mL-1。方法简便快速,灵敏度高,可用于实际样品中氯霉素的检测。     

Prototype of immunochromatographic assay strips using colloidal CdTe nanocrystals as biological luminescent label

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have attracted considerable attention as a novel biological luminescent label. The bioinorganic conjugates of luminescent CdTe nanocrystals and protein, including CdTe/BSA (bovine serum albumin) and CdTe/MAB (mouse monoclonal antibody against hepatities B surface antigen), were formed via electrostatic/coordination self-assembly. Pure CdTe nanocrystals, CdTe/BSA and CdTe/MAB were used in the immunochromatographic assay experiments, respectively. And the results indicated that CdTe nanocrystals could be used and developed as a novel label with good stability, high sensitivity and facile determination of several analytes in immunochromatographic assay strips.     

CdTe量子点对胰凝乳蛋白酶的荧光标记

用巯基丙酸作为表面修饰剂在水相中制备了稳定的CdTe纳米量子点.利用量子点外层包被的巯基丙酸上的羧基,实现了量子点与胰凝乳蛋白酶的直接偶联.偶联后溶液的吸光度值略有增大而吸收峰位不变,同时荧光强度明显增强,荧光发射峰位稍有蓝移.通过荧光发射光谱确定了CdTe量子点与胰凝乳蛋白酶偶联的最佳反应条件为:pH 9.0,反应温度37℃,反应时间1.5 h.重点考察了NaCl浓度和胰凝乳蛋白酶浓度对量子点与胰凝乳蛋白酶偶联产物荧光强度的影响.     

CdTe量子点DNA荧光纳米探针的合成及表征

采用水相合成法合成了巯基乙酸(TGA)修饰的水溶性CdTe量子点,通过反相微乳液法制备了二氧化硅及壳聚糖修饰的核壳型复合荧光纳米粒子,将其与DNA吸附连接,得到CdTe量子点DNA荧光纳米探针。用扫描电镜、透射电镜、荧光光谱、红外光谱、紫外光谱、ζ电位等测试方法对产物的理化性质进行了分析表征。结果表明制备了表面富含氨基的复合荧光纳米粒子,其对DNA具有良好的吸附作用。     

CdTe量子点DNA荧光纳米探针的合成及表征

采用水相合成法合成了巯基乙酸(TGA)修饰的水溶性CdTe量子点,通过反相微乳液法制备了二氧化硅及壳聚糖修饰的核壳型复合荧光纳米粒子,将其与DNA吸附连接,得到CdTe量子点DNA荧光纳米探针.用扫描电镜、透射电镜、荧光光谱、红外光谱、紫外光谱、ζ电位等测试方法对产物的理化性质进行了分析表征.结果表明制备了表面富含氨基的复合荧光纳米粒子,其对DNA具有良好的吸附作用.