共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
N. R. Das P. S. Chakraborty S. N. Bhattacharyya 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1977,36(2):419-425
Present investigation deals with neutron activation analysis of gold in some varieties of geological samples related to auriferous
quartz veins. A few plant specimens of the area were also analyzed. The gold contents in the rock samples as determined by
the destructive way of analysis vary in the range 10−5 to 10−7%. In case of plant samples, however, the non-destructive method of analysis of the plant ashes was followed and the concentration
of gold was found to be of the order of 10−5%. In plants, besides gold, some associated elements, such as La, Ce, Sm, Lu, Zr, Hf, Se, W, As and Sb were also identified. 相似文献
2.
T. Fujinaga Y. Kusaka M. Koyama H. Tsuji T. Mitsuji S. Imai J. Okuda T. Takamatsu T. Ozaki 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1973,13(2):301-311
A method is described for the determination of trace metal ions, V, Al, Cu, Mo Zn, and U, in natural water samples by neutron
activation analysis, using organic coprecipitation as a preconcentration method. The preconcentration of trace elements was
accomplished by converting the dissolved trace metal ions into the oxine chelates atpH 5.2 and extraction of the chelates witho-phenylphenol which is a liquid above 56 °C and solidifies at room temperature. After cooling the extraction system, the fine
particles of the organic phase were collected on a millipore filter and the precipitate was air-dried in a clean environment.
The solid extract was wrapped up in a sheet of clean polyethylene and subjected to neutron irradiation in a reactor for less
than 10 min at a thermal flux of 2·1013 n·cm−2·sec−1. γ-Ray spectrometry by a coaxial Ge(Li) detector connected to a 1024-channel PHA was performed on the irradiated sample without
further chemical separation, and thus the ppb level concentration of the elements in natural water samples could be determined.
The fundamental study of the collection of the trace elements is also described. 相似文献
3.
A. Godelitsas M. Kokkoris P. Misaelides 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,271(2):339-344
To enhance the applicability of the nuclear analytical technique in the field of industry and the environment, the inorganic
elemental content of the bottom ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator was determined by instrumental neutron activation
analysis. Bottom ash samples were monthly collected from an incinerator located at a metropolitan city in Korea, strained
through a 5 mm sieve, dried by an oven and pulverized by an agate mortar. The samples were irradiated at the NAA #1 irradiation
hole (thermal neutron flux: 2.92·1013 n·cm−2·s−1) in the HANARO research reactor of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute and the irradiated samples were measured by
a HP Ge gamma-ray spectrometer. Thirty-three elements including As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sb and Zn were analyzed by an absolute
method. The quality control was conducted by a simultaneous analysis with NIST standard reference materials. The average concentrations
of the major elements such as Ca, Fe, Al, Na, Mg, K and Ti measured in the sample were 19.9%, 4.85%, 3.79%, 2.11%, 1.84%,
1.22% and 1.02%, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of the hazardous metals like Zn, Cu, Cr, Sb and As were 0.77%,
0.31%, 729 mg·kg−1, 116 mg·kg−1 and 22.2 mg·kg−1, respectively. 相似文献
4.
The purpose of this study was to define experimentally the sensitivity of determination for 63 different elements by 14 MeV
neutron activation, with a 150 kV Cockroft-Walton accelerator at a neutron flux of 2·108 n·cm−2·sec−1 on the sample. The obtained gamma ray spectra are given, and the origin of the photopeaks observed are explained. A maximum
irradiation time of five minutes was used as a convenient experimental limit to obtain the maximum sensitivity, considering,
however, that the tritium target life is limited, and that the time to perform an analysis has to be reasonable. The practical
use of 14 MeV neutron activation analysis is demonstrated by the detection limits obtained. 相似文献
5.
S. S. Nargolwalla J. Niewodniczanski J. E. Suddueth 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1970,5(2):403-423
The experimental sensitivity for 72 different elements using 3 MeV neutron activation has been investigated. Using a 200 kV
Cockcroft-Walton neutron generator with a 3 MeV neutron flux of about 1.5·106n·cm−2·sec−1, γ-ray spectra of 51 elements were obtained with a sufficient number of photopeak counts for sensitivity calculations using
a photopeak integration method. A useful table summarizing the sensitivity results is given. That 3 MeV neutron activation
analysis is practical, is demonstrated by the experimental sensitivities obtained.
Guest worker from the Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Academy of Mining and Metallurgy, Krakow, Poland, at the National Bureau
of Standards, 1968–1969. 相似文献
6.
P. K. Nayak B. Wierczinski S. Lahiri 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,278(1):179-184
Representative banded iron-formations (BIFs) from various locations of the eastern Indian geological belt were investigated
by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). After pre-concentration, irradiation was carried out using a neutron flux
of 5.1·1016 m−2·s−1, 1.0·1015 m−2·s−1 and 3.7·1015 m−2s−1, with thermal, epi-thermal and fast neutrons, respectively. The activities in these samples were measured by a HPGe detector.
Ten rare-earth elements, such as La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Ho, Tm, Yb and Lu, have been qualitatively identified and quantitatively
estimated in these samples. The present investigation is an example of employing a pre-concentration method for high iron-containing
ores prior to neutron activation analysis. 相似文献
7.
A. Gaudry B. Maziere D. Comar D. Nau 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1976,29(1):77-87
For the simultaneous determination of many elements in small biological samples, a multi-element analysis has been developed
using neutron activation. After a 24-hr irradiation in a neutron flux of 2.5·1014 n·cm−2·sec−1 and after immediate chemical separation without cooling, it was possible to analyse 24 elements in bovine liver (NBS-SRM
1577). The separation apparatus, set up in a shielded cell can work four samples simultaneously, and its operation is fast
enough to allow the detection of radioisotopes with a half-life of about 2 hrs (165Dy,57mSr,56Mn). Amounts lower than 10−3 μg of Dy, Eu, Pr, Sm and Yb were determined. 相似文献
8.
J. B. Luten H. A. Das C. L. De Ligny 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1977,35(1):147-155
A routine-method for the determination of bromine and iodine in environmental water by neutron activation is presented. The
elements are isolated by isotope exchange between the irradiated sample and a solution of Br2 or I2 CCl4. The method is not sensitive to the chemical species in which the halogen is present. The lower limit of the determination
is 1.0 μg Br·1−1 and 0.1 μgI·1−1. 相似文献
9.
A sensitive, simple and time-saving method has been developed for the neutron activation analysis of gallium at concentrations
around 10−4 ppm in biological tissues. After a 24-hour irradiation in a thermal neutron flux of 2.8·1013 n·cm−2·s−1 and a purification by ion-exchange chromatography to eliminate troublesome elements such as sodium, iron and copper, the72Ga activity is measured with enough accuracy for the method to be applicable in animal physiology and clinical toxicology. 相似文献
10.
G. I. Khalil 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1985,96(5):547-555
The applicability of fast and thermal neutron activation analyses for the determination of gold in rock samples has been studied.
Using a Ge/Li/ detector limit of 0.45 mg g−1 was obtained for a fast neutron flux of 8.107 n cm−2.s−1. With a thermal neutron flux of 6.105 n cm−2.s−1 and the same detector a value of 35 μg g−1 was obtained. Using a NaI/Tl/ crystal a sensitivity of 14 μg g−1 was attained at the same thermal flux.
This work was supported in part by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
11.
12.
Mohammad A. Hannan Jesus Tanguma 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2012,291(3):745-751
Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) was applied to determine trace and major elements in Mission–Progresso (Texas) soils. The
Rio Grande river runs along the USA—Mexico border. The soil samples were collected at Mission and Progresso areas of the Rio
Grande riverbank in the USA side. Soils were analyzed for the presence of toxic effluents due to human activities that might
affect agricultural products and health because one of the possible paths of intoxication is the agricultural product consumption.
Dried, sieved, and blended soil samples (~1.5 g) were irradiated at the UT Austin TRIGA reactor at a thermal neutron flux
of 1 × 1012 n cm−2s−1 and epithermal neutron flux of 1 × 1011 n cm−2s−1. Different irradiations, decay, and counting times were combined to determine concentration and detection limits of 21 elements
which represent four areas in Mission–Progresso (Texas) with the aim to achieve a consistent characterization. NIST certified
reference materials were used in relative analysis and also to determine the accuracy and reproducibility values. The neutron
flux was monitored using sulfur flux monitor wires. Normal and Compton suppression gamma ray spectrometers were used to detect
different gamma ray energy peaks and this Compton system greatly reduces the background. Concentrations are evaluated in per
cent and parts per million and errors are within acceptable levels and these values are compared with values reported in literatures
from other countries. The results do not show significant contaminations neither from the Rio Grande river nor from nearby
industries. 相似文献
13.
I. O. Abugassa A. T. Bashir K. Doubali R. H. Etwir M. Abu-Enawel S. O. Abugassa 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,278(3):559-563
Medicinal herbs are often used as alternative medicines for healing and controlling some diseases in the world. This study
focuses on the content of heavy and trace elements of some widely consumed herbs in Libya. Nine most popular herbs were analyzed
by k
0-instrumental neutron activation analysis. All the samples, SRM and flux monitors were irradiated for 7 and 10 hours under
thermal neutron flux of 1.3·1013 cm−2·s−1 at Tajoura nuclear reactor. In total, 33 elements were analyzed in different herbs. The variations in the concentration of
the elements are attributed to soil composition and the climate in which the plant grows. The study showed that the toxic
elements found in the samples were below the levels prescribed by health regulations. The precision and the accuracy of the
results were evaluated by analyzing the reference materials Pine Needles SRM 1575 and Citrus Leaves SRM1572. 相似文献
14.
I. P. Alimarin A. Z. Miklishanskii Yu. V. Yakovlev 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1970,4(1):45-51
A method with a sensitivity of 2·10−7 to 1·10−10% has been developed for determining Yb, Ho, Dy, Gd, Eu, Sm and La impurities in metallic uranium by means of neutron activation.
The method is based on a preliminary chromatographic separation of the total amount of rare earth elements from uranium by
passing the solution in sulphuric acid through KU-2 cation exchange resin and eluting the traces of uranium retained by the
resin with a solution of ascorbic acid. The rare earth impurities are then eluted from the resin with 4–5N HCl, evaporated, and irradiated for 20 hours with a neutron flux of 1.2·1013 n·cm−2·sec−1. Subsequently the traces of the rare earth elements are co-precipitated with Fe(OH)3, dissolved in concentrated HCl and separated from the iron and other impurities by passing the solution through Dowex 1X8
anion exchange resin in the chloride form. The individual rare earth elements are then separated from each other using KU-2
cation exchange resin and a solution of ammonium α-hydroxyisobutyrate as the eluant. 相似文献
15.
T. Braun M. N. Abbas A. Elek L. Bakos 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1981,67(2):359-366
Loaded and unloaded polyurethane foams were examined as a preconcentration matrix in combination with neutron activation analysis.
The structure of the foamed polymer is not damaged by short irradiation periods. However the foam skeleton degraded after
irradiations for one hour or longer in a neutron flux of 3·1013 n ·cm−2·s−1. The presence of tin as a major impurity in the polyether-type foam has been detected. This may affect the sensitivity of
determination of the relatively short lived isotopes of the elements collected on the foam. On the other hand the polyester-type
foam was found to contain only very low amounts of tin. Antimony, indium, gold and mercury collected on the foams were determined
with reasonable accuracy. 相似文献
16.
H. Jaskólska L. Rowińska M. Radwan 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1971,7(1):29-39
In a search for internal isotopic tracers in metallurgical materials a group of elements has been chosen which can be determined
by the neutron activation method with the higher sensitivity. A method has been developed for the determination of W, As,
Au, La, In, Sc, Re and Ir in metallurgical materials. The separation of the elements was carried out using extraction and
precipitation. The determination of the elements was carried out in samples of chamotte brick and washed ores. The limits
of the determination of the elements are of the order of 10−11 g for Au, 10−10 g for In and La and 10−9 g for As, W, Sc, Re and Ir. The large scatter of the results indicates the inhomogeneity of the materials analyzed. 相似文献
17.
Certain elements which are not possible to detect with conventional neutron activation analysis can be measured using thermal
neutron-capture gamma-ray analysis. The use of a curved neutron guide at the High Flux Reactor, Grenoble, with a thermal neutron
flux of 1.5·1010n·cm−2·sec−1 and the advantage of a low-background counting system (Ge(Li) detector) far from the reactor core are described. Experimental
detection limits of a number of elements are given for the low-energy and the high-energy regions. Some applications of the
capture gamma-ray method in the whole energy range are studied and are briefly discussed. 相似文献
18.
J. H. Moon S. H. Kim Y. S. Chung J. M. Lim G. H. Ahn M. S. Koh 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,282(1):33-35
A delayed neutron counting system has been implemented at the HANARO research reactor in 2007. Thermal neutron flux measured
at the NAA #2 irradiation hole coupled to the delayed counting system, was higher than 3 × 1013 n cm−2 s−1. The delayed neutron counting system is composed of 18 3He detectors which are divided into three groups with six detectors and the collected signals of each group are processed
to a digital signal. The count numbers were measured with the uranium mass by using NIST SRMs under fixed analytical condition
and their correlation could be determined. Finally, delayed neutron activation analysis has been carried out for the determination
of uranium mass fraction in the collected environmental samples. 相似文献
19.
H. -U. Fanger R. Pepelnik W. Michaelis 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1981,61(1-2):147-163
At the GKSS Research Center Geesthacht, a new 14 MeV activation facility—a 5·1012 n/s neutron generator combined with a fast rabbit system (KORONA)—is being installed. Homogeneous neutron flux at a level
of 5·1010 n·cm−2·s−1 and sample transfer times of 140 ms to a 16m distant detector station are characteristic features of the facility described
in the paper. With special consideration of short-lived nuclides and including cyclic activation, the analytical prospects
with the intense neutron source are discussed, and sensitivities for 78 elements are presented. 相似文献
20.
T. Nozaki M. Ichikawa T. Sasuga M. Inarida 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1970,6(1):33-40
Uranium in human bone, drinking water and daily diet has been determined by neutron activation analysis using the238U(n, γ)239U reaction. An improved scheme for the separation of the239U is proposed; with this scheme, after neutron irradiation in a 100 kW TRIGA reactor, a uranium content as low as 5·10−11 g can be determined reliably, rapidly and easily. A wide range of uranium concentrations, from about 0.1 ppb up to about
10 ppb has been found in the bones of normal Japanese. Water from several Japanese city water services, and the daily diet
taken in two Japanese cities, have been found to contain an average 9·10−9 g/l and 1.5 μg per person-day uranium, respectively. 相似文献