The fixed point property and unbounded sets in CAT(0) spaces

In this work we study the fixed point property for nonexpansive self-mappings defined on convex and closed subsets of a CAT(0) space. We will show that a positive answer to this problem is very much linked with the Euclidean geometry of the space while the answer is more likely to be negative if the space is more hyperbolic. As a consequence we extend a very well known result of W.O. Ray on Hilbert spaces.     

Invariant approximations for commuting mappings in CAT(0) and hyperconvex spaces

In this paper, for a commuting pair consisting of a point-valued nonexpansive self-mapping t and a set-valued nonexpansive self-mapping T of a hyperconvex metric space (or a CAT(0) space) X, we look for a solution to the problem of existence of z∈E⊂X such that

     

Invariant approximations in CAT(0) spaces

Some common fixed point and invariant approximation results for CAT(0) spaces are obtained. Our results improve and extend some results of Shahzad and Markin [N. Shahzad, J. Markin, Invariant approximation for commuting mappings in hyperconvex and CAT(0) spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 337 (2008) 1457–1464] and Dhompongsa, Kaewkhao, and Panyanak [S. Dhompongsa, A. Kaewkhao, B. Panyanak, Lim’s theorem for multivalued mappings in CAT(0) spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 312 (2005) 478–487].     

Geodesic Ptolemy spaces and fixed points

In this paper we study the regularity of geodesic Ptolemy spaces and apply our findings to metric fixed point theory. It is an open question whether such spaces with a continuous midpoint map are CAT(0) spaces. We prove that if a certain uniform continuity is imposed on such a midpoint map then these spaces, if complete, are reflexive (that is, the intersection of decreasing families of bounded closed and convex subsets is nonempty) and that bounded sequences have unique asymptotic centers. These properties will then be applied to yield a series of fixed point results specific to CAT(0) spaces.     

A quadratic rate of asymptotic regularity for CAT(0)-spaces

In this paper we obtain a quadratic bound on the rate of asymptotic regularity for the Krasnoselski-Mann iterations of nonexpansive mappings in CAT(0)-spaces, whereas previous results guarantee only exponential bounds. The method we use is to extend to the more general setting of uniformly convex hyperbolic spaces a quantitative version of a strengthening of Groetsch's theorem obtained by Kohlenbach using methods from mathematical logic (so-called “proof mining”).     

Fixed Point Theorems for Mean Nonexpansive Mappings in CAT(0) Spaces

In this article, we prove the existence of fixed points and the demiclosed principle for mean nonexpansive mappings in Cartan, Alexandrov and Toponogov(0) spaces. We also obtain a Δ-convergence theorem and a strong convergence theorem of Ishikawa iteration for mean nonexpansive mappings in Cartan, Alexandrov and Toponogov(0) spaces.     

Cocompact CAT(0) spaces are almost geodesically complete

We prove that, under mild conditions, a cocompact CAT(0) space is almost geodesically complete.     

Uniformly nonsquare Banach spaces have the fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings

It is shown that if the modulus Γ_X of nearly uniform smoothness of a reflexive Banach space satisfies , then every bounded closed convex subset of X has the fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings. In particular, uniformly nonsquare Banach spaces have this property since they are properly included in this class of spaces. This answers a long-standing question in the theory.     

Some fixed point theorems on ordered cone metric spaces

In the present work, two fixed point theorems for self maps on ordered cone metric spaces are proved motivated by [7, L. G. Huang and X. Zhang, Cone metric spaces and fixed point theorems of contractive mappings, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 332 (2007) 1468–1476] and [15, A. C. M. Ran and M. C. B. Reuring, A fixed point theorem in partially ordered sets and some application to matrix equations, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 132, (2004), 1435–1443]      

On variational inclusion and common fixed point problems in Hilbert spaces with applications

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a general iterative method for finding a common element of the solution set of quasi-variational inclusion problems and of the common fixed point set of an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings in the framework Hilbert spaces. Strong convergence of the sequences generated by the purposed iterative scheme is obtained.     

Virtually stable maps and their fixed point sets

We introduce the concept of virtually stable selfmaps of Hausdorff spaces, which generalizes virtually nonexpansive selfmaps of metric spaces introduced in the previous work by the first author, and explore various properties of their convergence sets and fixed point sets. We also prove that the fixed point set of a virtually stable selfmap satisfying a certain kind of homogeneity is always star-convex.     

Asymptotic Lefschetz fixed point theory for ANES(compact) maps

A number of new Lefschetz fixed point theorems are established for ANES(compact) maps. Also compact absorbing contraction maps are discussed.      

Solving variational inequality and fixed point problems by line searches and potential optimization

We introduce a general adaptive line search framework for solving fixed point and variational inequality problems. Our goals are to develop iterative schemes that (i) compute solutions when the underlying map satisfies properties weaker than contractiveness, for example, weaker forms of nonexpansiveness, (ii) are more efficient than the classical methods even when the underlying map is contractive, and (iii) unify and extend several convergence results from the fixed point and variational inequality literatures. To achieve these goals, we introduce and study joint compatibility conditions imposed upon the underlying map and the iterative step sizes at each iteration and consider line searches that optimize certain potential functions. As a special case, we introduce a modified steepest descent method for solving systems of equations that does not require a previous condition from the literature (the square of the Jacobian matrix is positive definite). Since the line searches we propose might be difficult to perform exactly, we also consider inexact line searches.Preparation of this paper was supported, in part, from the National Science Foundation NSF Grant 9634736-DMI, as well as the Singapore-MIT AllianceAcknowledgments.We are grateful to the associate editor and the referees for their insightful comments and suggestions that have helped us improve both the exposition and the content of this paper.     

Common fixed point results in CAT(0) spaces

Let X be a complete CAT(0) space, T be a generalized multivalued nonexpansive mapping, and t be a single valued quasi-nonexpansive mapping. Under the assumption that T and t commute weakly, we shall prove the existence of a common fixed point for them. In this way, we extend and improve a number of recent results obtained by Shahzad (2009) [7] and [12], Shahzad and Markin (2008) [6], and Dhompongsa et al. (2005) [5].     

Viscosity approximation methods for equilibrium problems and fixed point problems in Hilbert spaces

In this paper, we introduce an iterative scheme by the viscosity approximation method for finding a common element of the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping in a Hilbert space. Then, we prove a strong convergence theorem which is connected with Combettes and Hirstoaga's result [P.L. Combettes, S.A. Hirstoaga, Equilibrium programming in Hilbert spaces, J. Nonlinear Convex Anal. 6 (2005) 117-136] and Wittmann's result [R. Wittmann, Approximation of fixed points of nonexpansive mappings, Arch. Math. 58 (1992) 486-491]. Using this result, we obtain two corollaries which improve and extend their results.     

The Schauder fixed point theorem in geodesic spaces

We give a direct proof of Schauder's fixed point theorem in the setting of geodesic metric spaces, generalizing the classical Schauder's theorem and improving a recent version of this theorem in CAT(κ)$\mathrm{CAT}(\kappa )$ spaces. As an application we prove an existence result for a variational inequality in the setting of CAT(κ)$\mathrm{CAT}(\kappa )$ spaces.     

A general iterative method for equilibrium problems and fixed point problems in Hilbert spaces

In this paper, we introduce two iterative schemes by the general iterative method for finding a common element of the set of an equilibrium problem and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping in a Hilbert space. Then, we prove two strong convergence theorems for nonexpansive mappings to solve a unique solution of the variational inequality which is the optimality condition for the minimization problem. These results extended and improved the corresponding results of Marino and Xu [G. Marino, H.K. Xu, A general iterative method for nonexpansive mapping in Hilbert spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 318 (2006) 43-52], S. Takahashi and W. Takahashi [S. Takahashi, W. Takahashi, Viscosity approximation methods for equilibrium problems and fixed point problems in Hilbert spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 331 (1) (2007) 506-515], and many others.     

Distortion of Surface Groups in CAT(0) free-by-cyclic Groups

Given a non-positively curved 2-complex with a circle-valued Morse function satisfying some extra combinatorial conditions, we describe how to locally isometrically embed this in a larger non-positively curved 2-complex with free-by-cyclic fundamental group. This embedding procedure is used to produce examples of CAT(0) free-by-cyclic groups that contain closed hyperbolic surface subgroups with polynomial distortion of arbitrary degree. We also produce examples of CAT(0) hyperbolic free-by-cyclic groups that contain closed hyperbolic surface subgroups that are exponentially distorted.