SR—生物丙烯菊酯极谱行为及应用的研究

本报道了ＳＲ－生物丙烯菊酷的极谱行为。在乙醇－ＢＲ缓冲溶液中，ＥＢＴ在－１．０４Ｖ有一还原峰，峰高与ＥＢＴ浓度在４×１０＾－＾７－６×１０＾－＾５ｇ／ｍＬ范围内有良好的线性关系。该极谱波受扩散控制电子转移数２的还原波。应用此法对卫生杀虫剂进行监测，结果令人满意。回收率为１００．９ ±１．６％。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定水样中辛硫磷和氯菊酯

采用AgilentSBC8(5μm,4.6mmi.d.×150mm)色谱柱,以V(乙腈)∶V(水)=70∶30为流动相进行分离,二极管阵列检测器(PDA)在210nm波长处检测,建立了反相高效液相色谱法同时测定辛硫磷和氯菊酯的分析方法。辛硫磷和氯菊酯的线性范围分别为0.1～10μg mL和0.02～10μg mL,检出限分别为0 05和0.01μg mL,实际水样的加标回收率为90.3%和95.3%,相对标准偏差为1.3%和3.2%(n=7)。     

二羟丙茶碱的极谱测定法研究

本文提出了一个测定二羟丙茶碱的单扫描极谱法。在用溴水氧化后,加入适量的甲酸除去过量的溴,在0.05mol/L硫酸介质中,在-0.63V处出现导数波。测定的浓度范围为5×10~(-6)～1.6×10~(-4)mol/L,检出下限7×10~(-7)mol/L,相对标准偏差1.44％,平均回收率96.3％。方法简便、迅速。我们还进行了溴与被测物的氧化反应、极谱波性质及反应机理的研究。     

铋-4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)络合吸附波的机理研究

谭政之曾提出一种在0.8M NaOH,0.5％甘露醇和2×10~(-5)M PAR底液中测定铋的灵敏极谱络合吸附波。在示波极谱仪上PAR有一良好还原波(E_P=-0.84V),加入Bi(Ⅲ)后在较正电位处(E_p=-0.69V)出现一个尖锐的峰形波,其波高与铋浓度在0.005～1微克/毫升范围内(即约2.5×10~(-8)～5×10~(-6)M)成正比。并已将此体系成功地应用于矿石分     

痕量碲的示波极谱测定

极谱法测定碲已有不少报道,但在草酸一次甲基蓝介质中,示波极谱法测定痕量碲未见资料介绍。我们发现,在草酸-次甲基蓝溶液中,在电位-0.75V(vs·SCE)处,有一清晰的导数极谱波。TeO_2的浓度在2.0×10~(-7)-1.2×10~(-5)mg/ml之间与波高成线性关系。检测下限达5×10~(-8)mg/ml,该法用于小麦面粉和纯铋中痕量啼的测定。结果表明,该法具有灵敏、快速、准确之特点。仪器和试剂 JP-1A型示波极谱仪(成都仪器厂),使用三电极体系。工作电极-滴汞电极;对电极-     

铕(Ⅲ)-钙试剂络合物吸附波及其应用研究

用线性扫描极谱法研究了在氨-氯化铵缓冲体系中Eu(Ⅲ)-钙试剂络合物的极谱行为。在pH10.2的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲介质中,Eu(Ⅲ)-钙试剂络合物在-0.82V(vs.SCE)处有一灵敏的导数极谱波,其峰电流与Eu(Ⅲ)的浓度在1.0×10-7~8.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为9.0×10-8mol/L。方法可用于试样中痕量铕的测定。本文还研究了极谱波的性质。     

杂多酸示波极谱法测定磷酸根

在pH=1的HCl和25mg/ml抗坏血酸存在的溶液中,磷酸根和钼酸根形成具有极谱活性的磷钼杂多酸。该杂多酸在NH_3-NH_4Cl(pH=9.9)底液中产生—灵敏极谱还原波,其峰电位为-1.12V(vs.SCE)。导数波高与磷酸根浓度在5×10~(-8)～4×10~(-5)mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测下限2×10~(-8)mol/L。利用反应速度的不同消除了大量硅酸根的干扰。文中对极谱波的性质做了初步研究。     

胆绿素在甲醇—水混合溶液中的电化学行为研究

在甲醇-水混和溶液中。胆绿素可在-0.90 V(vs.SCE)左右产生一灵敏的极谱波,该波波高与胆绿素在8×10~(-8)～1×10~(-6)mol/L范围内呈线性关系,其检出限为4×10~(-8)mol/L。因此,该波可用于胆绿素的测定。本文采用多种电化学方法对胆绿素的极谱波性质进行了研究,发现此波为一与氧有关的吸附催化波。     

稀土-偶氮硝羧的极谱络合吸附波

本文研究了钕-偶氮硝羧的示波极谱络合吸附波和镧-偶氮硝羧的微分脉冲极谱波。示波极谱络合吸附波可测5×10~(-7)—8×10~(-6)M的钕,微分脉冲极谱波可测1×10~(-8)—1×10~(-6)M的镧,测定了水培黄瓜叶中镧的含量。实验证明了偶氮硝羧及钕-偶氮硝羧络合物的吸附性质,讨论了络合物吸附波的电极还原机理。     

锰与4-(2-噻唑偶氮)间苯二酚络合吸附波的研究及应用

本文研究了在0.01mol/L NaOH—0.32％乙二胺—0.05mol/L酒石酸钾钠介质中,锰与4-(2-噻唑偶氮)间苯二酚(TAR)络合吸附波的极谱行为。当介质中含有0.003％TAR时,Mn会产生灵敏的导数极谱波,其峰电位为-0.75V(相对银汞齐电极,下同),方法检出限为1.5×10~(-9)mol/L,线性范围为3.6×1.0~(-9)mol/L～2.7×10~(-6)mol/L。研究了极谱波的性质、机理以及络合物的组成。方法成功地应用于某些植物叶中微量锰的含量测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。