光折变聚合物中载流子特性对空间电荷场的影响

根据适用于光折变聚合物系统的空间电荷场形成的动力学微分方程,将陷阱情况分为四类,分别讨论了光折变聚合物中光生载流子的量子产生效率及其迁移率对空间电荷场的稳态和动态特性的影响.结果发现空间电荷场的稳态特性相对于光生载流子的量子产生效率的变化比较敏感,而空间电荷场的动态特性则易受到载流子的迁移变化的影响.     

CSR电子冷却系统电子束空间电荷效应对电子束温度的影响

 通过求解电子冷却系统中冷却段漂移管区的强流电子束产生的空间电荷场,研究了电子束空间电荷效应对电子温升的影响。结合HIRFL CSR电子冷却系统的典型参数,得到了电子在自身空间电荷场和纵向螺线管磁场组成的交叉场作用下产生的漂移速度和由此引起的附加温度大小,并指出减小电子束空间电荷效应的方法。     

基于伽辽金级数的空间电荷场计算模型

利用局部伽辽金矩量法,建立了电子注空间电荷场的2.5维计算模型. 将空间电荷场在径向展开为各个模式的叠加,利用伽辽金级数表示,通过求解其系数方程组, 最终求得空间电荷场.利用本文的模型,计算分析了电子注空间电荷场的特性, 并研究了模型中仿真参量对空间电荷场计算结果的影响.本文的空间电荷场计算模型利用粒子模拟基本方法, 可以应用到速调管注波互作用计算模型中.     

二极管间隙距离对场致发射过程中空间电荷效应的影响

在强电场条件下,由阴极通过场致发射产生的电子具有很强的空间电荷效应,因此真空二极管的空间电荷限制电流是设计高功率微波源等强流电子束器件时需要考虑的重要参数.场致发射电流密度只和阴极材料、阴极表面电场等有关,而空间电荷效应则会受二极管电压、间隙距离等因素的影响.为研究二极管间隙距离对场致发射过程中空间电荷效应的影响,建立了由场致发射阴极构成的一维平板真空二极管物理模型,利用第一性原理的粒子模拟方法,研究了二极管间隙距离和外加电压等参数变化时的阴极表面电场随时间的演变特性,得到了阴极表面稳态电场和二极管间隙距离之间的关系.结果表明,场致发射过程开始后,阴极表面电场先有个振荡过程,随后趋于稳定;在同一外加电场条件下,间隙距离越长,稳态电场的绝对值越小,且达到稳态所需的时间也越长;间隙距离越短,当阴极表面电场达到稳定状态时,二极管间隙区的电场分布变化越剧烈.     

空间电荷效应对热场致发射中诺廷汉效应的影响

热场致发射阴极所产生的强流电子束具有很强的空间电荷效应,为研究该效应对热场致发射过程中诺廷汉（Nottingham）效应的影响机理,在理论分析的基础上,用数值方法研究了不同逸出功和多个外加电场条件下考虑空间电荷效应对诺廷汉效应结果的影响,并与不考虑空间电荷效应时的情形进行了对比. 结果表明：空间电荷效应的强弱会显著影响到阴极表面的稳态电场,进而对诺廷汉效应产生不可忽略的影响;当逸出功在3.0–4.52 eV、外加电场在3×10⁹–9×10⁹ V/m范围内时,考虑空间电荷效应的影响后,热场致发射电子所带走的平均能量较不考虑空间电荷效应时增加0–2.5 eV,且温度越高或外加电场越大时,该增加值越大;考虑空间电荷效应对诺廷汉效应的影响后,热场致发射电子从阴极带走的平均能量随外加电场的增加呈非线性下降规律;当阴极表面温度较高时,诺廷汉效应中的冷却效应随二极管间隙距离的变大而增强. 关键词： 热场致发射 诺廷汉效应 空间电荷效应 阴极表面电场     

热阴极微波电子枪模拟计算

用模拟计算方法,研究了热阴极微波电子枪的束流动力学行为,采用笛卡尔坐标,编制了准三维模拟计算程序──HOTGUN.计算中除考虑了射频场外,还充分考虑了空间电荷效应(空间电荷场为轴对称场)、肖特基效应及稳态负载效应等.文中给出了HOTGUN程序与PARMELA部分模拟结果及中科院高能所自由电子激光室微波电子枪热测实验台部分实验结果的比较,最后以用于北京自由电子激光器的多腔热阴极微波电子枪为例,给出了详细的HOTGUN程序模拟计算结果.     

螺旋线行波管三维频域非线性注波互作用的计算

基于行波管中慢电磁行波的周期传输特性和能流坡印廷定理,考虑高频结构的衰减、切断、螺距的渐变与跳变对互作用的影响,建立了螺旋线行波管三维场论非线性自洽工作方程组.通过傅里叶展式将时域中的电流变换为与频率相关的交流电流分量,采用等离子体粒子模拟的方法,求解离散化的亥姆霍兹方程获得空间电荷场的三维数值解.计算三维电子轨迹,得到精确的互作用后的电子能谱结构,为多级降压收集极的设计提供关键参数.计算结果与电子所Ku波段的测试值比较具有较好的一致性,并分析了互作用后的电子能谱结构,与多级降压收集极的实验基本符合. 关键词： 行波管 非线性注波互作用 空间电荷场 等离子体粒子模拟     

螺旋线行波管注波互作用时域理论

研究了螺旋线行波管中电子注与高频场互作用的时域理论.电子对场的作用由高频场方程和空间电荷场方程模拟,场对电子注的作用由运动方程模拟.在螺旋导电面模型下利用安培环路定理和法拉第电磁感应定律得到了时域高频场方程.利用空间电荷波模型处理空间电荷场,得到了空间电荷场方程.将高频场和空间电荷场代入洛伦兹力方程,得到了运动方程.利用耦合阻抗处理高频场方程的激励源,使得高频场方程的求解能够借助诸如HFSS或HFCS等高频模拟软件来实现,增强了时域理论的灵活性.基于上述理论,编写软件数值模拟某螺旋线行波管,验证了时域理论的可行性.     

HIRFL-CSR电子冷却系统空心电子束性能研究

 电子冷却系统中冷却力的大小与电子束的温度密切相关。由于强流电子束自身产生的空间电荷场,使得电子束的速度离散,增加了电子束温度,降低了冷却效率。为了减小空间电荷效应,HIRFL CSR的电子冷却系统将首次采用空心电子束对储存环中的重离子束流进行冷却。通过分析实心电子束和空心电子束的空间电荷场,研究了其对电子束速度和温度的影响。     

空间电荷和介质表面电荷对微放电演化过程的影响

微放电是制约航天器微波部件功率容量的主要瓶颈之一。以介质微波部件中典型的介质加载平行板波导为例,基于三维粒子模拟分别对仅考虑外加微波场（情况1）、考虑外加微波场和空间电荷（情况2）以及考虑外加微波场、空间电荷和介质表面电荷（情况3）三种情况下微放电演化过程中电子数目、瞬态二次电子发射系数、归一化反射波电压以及介质表面与上金属板之间的间隙电压随时间的变化进行了仿真,并给出了情况3电子分布和介质表面电荷密度随时间的变化过程。在此基础上,明确了空间电荷和介质表面电荷在微放电过程中所起的不同作用：即空间电荷会使微放电达到饱和状态,介质表面电荷则导致微放电饱和状态无法持续,最后自行熄灭。介质表面电荷导致了微放电过程中介质和金属瞬态二次电子发射系数下降速率不一致,归一化反射波电压幅度随时间变化的包络类似于“眼睛”形状、间隙电压类直流偏置、非对称电子能量分布等特殊现象。     

反向导引磁场自由电子激光中平衡态电子相轨道

考虑电子束自身场情况下，给出了反向导引磁场自由电子激光中平衡态电子运动的一种正则描述。证明了在可积极限下，不动点附近相轨道的稳定性；并采用美国麻省理工学院的反向导引场自由电子激光实验参数，计算了不同束流强度下的Ｐｏｉｎｃａｒé截面。结果表明，即使自身场相当强（束流强度达到６０００Ａ），平衡态电子的相轨道仍保持其规则性，相空间没有出现混沌，这说明在自由电子激光器中，利用反向导引磁场可以获得比传统的采用正向导引磁场更好的电子束质量，从而改善器件的输出性能。 关键词：     

Stability of equilibrium orbits in isochronous ultrarelativistic cyclotron II

The paper investigates the stability of equilibrium orbits of charged particles in one variant of the ultrarelativistic cyclotron. The Bogoljubov-Krylov method of averaging is used to show that one of the pairs of principal equilibrium orbits, which were found in the first part of the paper, is stable while the second is unstable. The stability limit is identical with the limit of the existence of equilibrium orbits. The dependence of the frequencies of betatron oscillations on the field parameters is shown in the stability diagrams. Brief mention is made of the magnet of the variant of an ultrarelativistic cyclotron with axially scalloped equilibrium orbit.     

Equilibrium points and bifurcation control of a chaotic system

Based on the Routh--Hurwitz criterion, this paper investigates the stability of a new chaotic system. State feedback controllers are designed to control the chaotic system to the unsteady equilibrium points and limit cycle. Theoretical analyses give the range of value of control parameters to stabilize the unsteady equilibrium points of the chaotic system and its critical parameter for generating Hopf bifurcation. Certain nP periodic orbits can be stabilized by parameter adjustment. Numerical simulations indicate that the method can effectively guide the system trajectories to unsteady equilibrium points and periodic orbits.     

Equilibrium points and bifurcation control of a chaotic system

Based on the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, this paper investigates the stability of a new chaotic system. State feedback controllers are designed to control the chaotic system to the unsteady equilibrium points and limit cycle. Theoretical analyses give the range of value of control parameters to stabilize the unsteady equilibrium points of the chaotic system and its critical parameter for generating Hopf bifurcation. Certain nP periodic orbits can be stabilized by parameter adjustment. Numerical simulations indicate that the method can effectively guide the system trajectories to unsteady equilibrium points and periodic orbits.     

Stability of halo orbits

We predict new populations of trapped nonequatorial ("halo") orbits of charged dust grains about an arbitrary axisymmetric planet. Simple equilibrium and stability conditions are derived, revealing dramatic differences between positively and negatively charged grains in prograde or retrograde orbits. Implications for the Cassini mission to Saturn are discussed.     

Homoclinic Bifurcation for Boussinesq Equation with Even Constraint

The exact homoclinic orbits and periodic soliton solution for the Boussinesq equation are shown. The equilibrium solution u0 = -1/6 is a unique bifurcation point. The homoclinic orbits and solitons will be interchanged with the solution varying from one side of-1/6 to the other aide. The solution structure can be understood in general.     

Nonequatorial circular orbits of spinning particles in the Schwarzschild–de Sitter background

In this paper analytical solutions of the Mathisson–Papapetrou equations that describe nonequatorial circular orbits of a spinning particle in the Schwarzschild–de Sitter background are studied, and the role of the cosmological constant is emphasized. It is shown that generally speaking a highly relativistic velocity of the particle is a necessary condition of motion along this type of orbits, with an exception of orbits locating close to the position of the static equilibrium, where low velocities are possible as well. Depending on the correlation between the spin orientation of the particle and its orbital velocity some of the possible nonequatorial circular orbits exist due to the repulsive action on the particle caused by the spin–gravity coupling and the others are caused by the attractive action. Here values of the energy of the particle on the corresponding orbits are also analyzed.     

Bifurcations of the trajectories at the saddle level in a Hamiltonian system generated by two coupled Schrodinger equations

Bifurcations of the complex homoclinic loops of an equilibrium saddle point in a Hamiltonian dynamical system with two degrees of freedom are studied. It arises to pick out the stationary solutions in a system of two coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations. Their relation to bifurcations of hyperbolic and elliptic periodic orbits at the saddle level is studied for varying structural parameters of the system. Series of complex loops are described whose existence is related to periodic orbits.     

A new hyperchaotic system and its linear feedback control

This paper reports a new hyperchaotic system by adding an additional state variable into a three-dimensional chaotic dynamical system, studies some of its basic dynamical properties, such as the hyperchaotic attractor, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagram and the hyperchaotic attractor evolving into periodic, quasi-periodic dynamical behaviours by varying parameter k. Furthermore, effective linear feedback control method is used to suppress hyperchaos to unstable equilibrium, periodic orbits and quasi-periodic orbits. Numerical simulations are presented to show these results.     

Completely Integrable Hamiltonian Systems with Weak Lyapunov Instability or Isochrony

The aim of this paper is to introduce a class of Hamiltonian autonomous systems in dimension 4 which are completely integrable and their dynamics is described in all details. They have an equilibrium point which is stable for some rare elements of the class, and unstable in most cases. Anyhow, it is linearly stable (all orbits of the linearized system are bounded) and no motion is asymptotic in the past, namely no non-constant solution has the equilibrium as limit point as time goes to minus infinity. In the unstable cases, there is a sequence of initial data which converges to the equilibrium point whose corresponding solutions are unbounded and the motion is slow. So instability is quite weak and perhaps no such explicit examples of instability are known in the literature. The stable cases are also interesting since the level sets of the 2 first integrals independent and in involution keep being non-compact and stability is related to the isochronous periodicity of all orbits near the equilibrium point and the existence of a further first integral. Hopefully, these superintegrable Hamiltonian systems will deserve further research.