Dendritic arrays of [Re6(mu3-Se)8]2+ core-containing clusters: exploratory synthesis and electrochemical studies

The reaction between the previously reported site-differentiated cluster solvate [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(5)(MeCN)](SbF(6))(2) (1) with pyridyl-based ditopic ligands 4,4'-trimethylenedipyridine (2), 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (3), and (E)-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (4) afforded cluster complexes of the general formula [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(5)(L)](SbF(6))(2) (5-7), where L represents one of the pyridyl-based ligands. Reacting these cluster complex-based ligands with the fully solvated cluster complex [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(MeCN)(6)](SbF(6))(2) (8) produced dendritic arrays of the general formula {Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(5)(L)](6)}(SbF(6))(14) (9-11), each featuring six circumjacent [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(5)](2+) units bridged to a [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)](2+) core cluster by the pyridyl-based ligands. Electrochemical studies using a thin-layer electrochemical cell revealed cluster-based redox events in these cluster arrays. For 9 (L = 2), one reversible oxidation event corresponding to the removal of 7 electrons was observed, indicating noninteraction or extremely weak interactions between the clusters. For 10 (L = 3), two poorly resolved oxidation waves were found. For 11 (L = 4), two reversible oxidation events, corresponding respectively to the removal of 1 and 6 electrons, were observed with the 1-electron oxidation event occurring at a potential 150 mV more positive than the 6-electron oxidation. These electrochemical studies suggest intercluster coupling in 11 via through-bond electronic delocalization, which is consistent with electronic spectroscopic studies of this same molecule.     

Alcohol addition to acetonitrile activated by the [Re6(mu3-Se)8]2+ cluster core

The addition of methanol and ethanol to the previously reported cluster solvates [Re6(mu3-Se)8(PEt3)5(MeCN)](SbF6)2 and trans-[Re6(mu3-Se)8(PEt3)4(CH3CN)2][SbF6]2 afforded three cluster complexes with imino ester ligands: {Re6(mu3-Se)8(PEt3)5[HN=C(OCH3)(CH3)]}(SbF6)2, {Re6(mu3-Se)8(PEt3)5[HN=C(OCH2CH3)(CH3)]}{SbF6}2, and trans-{Re6(mu3-Se)8(PEt3)4[HN=C(OCH3)(CH3)]2}{SbF6}2. In all cases, predominant formation of the Z isomers was observed.     

Cluster carbonyls of the [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)](2+) core: synthesis, structural characterization, and computational analysis

The reactions of the previously reported cluster complexes [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(5)I]I, trans-[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(4)I(2)], and cis-[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(4)I(2)] with the [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)](2+) core with CO in the presence of AgSbF(6) afforded the corresponding cluster carbonyls [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(5)(CO)][SbF(6)](2) (), trans-[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(4)(CO)(2)][SbF(6)](2) (), and cis-[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(4)(CO)(2)][SbF(6)](2) (). Infrared spectroscopy indicated weakening of the bond in CO, suggesting the existence of backbonding between the cluster core and the CO ligand(s). Electrochemical studies focusing on the reversible, one-electron oxidation of the cluster core revealed a large increase in the oxidation potential upon going from the acetonitrile derivatives to their carbonyl analogs, consistent with the depleted electron density of the cluster core upon CO ligation. Disparities between the IR spectra and oxidation potential between and indicate that electronic differences exist between sites trans and cis to the location of a ligand of interest. The active role played by the Se atoms in influencing the cluster-to-CO bonding interactions is suggested through this result and density functional (DF) computational analysis. The computations indicate that molecular orbitals near the HOMO account for backbonding interactions with a high percentage of participation of Se orbitals.     

Cluster carbonyls of the [Re6(mu3-Se)8]2+ core

The first [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)](2+) core-containing cluster carbonyls, [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(5)(CO)][SbF(6)](2) and trans-[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))4(CO)(2)][SbF(6)](2), were produced by reacting [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(5)I]I and trans-[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)8(PEt(3))(4)I2], respectively, with AgSbF(6) in CO-saturated dichloromethane solutions. Spectroscopic and crystallographic studies suggest significant cluster-to-CO back-donation in these novel cluster derivatives and interesting electronic structures. Thermal and photolytic studies of the mono-carbonyl complex revealed its interesting and synthetically useful reactivity in producing new cluster derivatives.     

Built to order: molecular tinkertoys from the [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)](2+) clusters

Ligand substitution of [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(5)(CH(3)CN)](SbF(6))(2) (1) with pyridyl-based ligands, 2,4,6-tri-4-pyridyl-1,3,5-triazine (L1) and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine (L2), produced respectively the star-shaped tricluster (T1) and tetracluster (T2) arrays, wherein three (T1) and four (T2) units of the [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)](2+) core-containing clusters are interconnected by the corresponding bridging ligands. These novel supramolecular assemblies were characterized by a combination of NMR ((1)H and (31)P) spectroscopy, ESI-MS, and microanalysis. The molecular and solid-state structures of T1 have also been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Hydrogen-bonded extended arrays of the [Re6(mu3-Se)8]2+ core-containing clusters

Site-differentiated solvated clusters of the general formula [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(n)(MeCN)(6)(-)(n)](SbF(6))(2) (n = 4, cis and trans; n = 5) undergo ligand substitution reaction with isonicotinamide to afford the corresponding amide derivatives, [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(n)(isonicotinamide)(6)(-)(n)](2+) [1 (n = 5); 2 (n = 4, trans); 3 (n = 4, cis)]. Retention of stereochemistry in each case was confirmed by (1)H and (31)P NMR. The solid-state structures of all three compounds were established crystallographically, which revealed self-complementary hydrogen-bonding interactions between adjacent cluster units. While complex 1 exists as hydrogen-bonded dimers in the solid state, compounds 2 and 3 form one-dimensional chains of clusters bridged by paired hydrogen bonds. It is the rigid stereochemistry of the cluster, combined with the classic crystal engineering motif of complementary N-H.O amide hydrogen bonding, that affords the predictable solid-state structures and dimensionality.     

Site-differentiated hexanuclear rhenium(III) cyanide clusters [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(n)()(CN)(6)(-)(n)()](n)()(-)(4) (n = 4, 5) and kinetics of solvate ligand exchange on the cubic [Re(6)Se(8)](2+) Core

The site-differentiated, cyanide-substituted hexanuclear rhenium(III) selenide clusters cis- and trans-[Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(4)(CN)(2)] and [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)(CN)](+) have been prepared from heterogeneous reactions of the corresponding iodo clusters with AgCN in refluxing chloroform. Isolated yields are 68%, 46%, and 64% for cis-[Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(4)(CN)(2)], trans-[Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(4)(CN)(2)], and [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)(CN)](+), respectively. The new compounds are air- and water-stable and are characterized by X-ray diffraction crystallography, (31)P NMR and IR spectroscopies, and FAB mass spectrometry. In related work, the solvent exchange rates of two site-differentiated monosolvate clusters, [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)(MeCN)](SbF(6))(2) and [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)(Me(2)SO)](SbF(6))(2), in neat solvents were measured by (1)H NMR. These clusters are substitutionally inert; k approximately 10(-)(5)-10(-)(6) s(-)(1) at 318 K. Activation parameters indicate a dissociative ligand exchange mechanism; DeltaH() values obtained from least-squares fitting of temperature-dependent kinetics data exceed RT by a factor of ca. 50 over the temperature range studied. These results demonstrate that the substitutional lability encountered in a previous study of cluster photophysics (Gray, T. G.; Rudzinski, C. M.; Nocera, D. G.; Holm, R. H. Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 5932) cannot result from ground-state thermal reactions.     

Preparation of a family of hexanuclear rhenium cluster complexes containing 5-(phenyl)tetrazol-2-yl ligands and alkylation of 5-substituted tetrazolate ligands

The preparation of two new families of hexanuclear rhenium cluster complexes containing benzonitrile and phenyl-substituted tetrazolate ligands is described. Specifically, we report the preparation of a series of cluster complexes with the formula [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)L](2+) where L = benzonitrile, p-aminobenzonitrile, p-methoxybenzonitrile, p-acetylbenzonitrile, or p-nitrobenzonitrile. All of these complexes undergo a [2 + 3] cycloaddition with N(3)(-) to generate the corresponding [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)(5-(p-X-phenyl)tetrazol-2-yl)](+) (or [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)(2,5-p-X-phenyltetrazolate)](+)) cluster complexes, where X = NH(2), OMe, H, COCH(3), or NO(2). Crystal structure data are reported for three compounds: [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)(p-acetylbenzonitrile)](BF(4))(2)?MeCN, [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)(2,5-phenyltetrazolate)](BF(4))?CH(2)Cl(2), and [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)(2,5-p-aminophenyltetrazolate)](BF(4)). Treatment of [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)(2,5-phenyltetrazolate)](BF(4)) with HBF(4) in CD(3)CN at 100 °C leads to protonation of the tetrazolate ring and formation of [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)(CD(3)CN)](2+). Surprisingly, alkylation of the phenyl and methyl tetrazolate complexes ([Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)(2,5-N(4)CPh)](BF(4)) and [Re(6)Se(8)(PEt(3))(5)(1,5-N(4)CMe)](BF(4))) with methyl iodide and benzyl bromide, leads to the formation of mixtures of 1,5- and 2,5-disubstituted tetrazoles.     

Novel concentration-driven structural interconversion in shape-specific solids supported by the octahedral [Re(6)(mu3-Se)8]2+ cluster core

A complex containing the face-capped octahedral [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)](2+) cluster core, cis-[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PPh(3))(4)(4,4'-dipyridyl)(2)](SbF(6))(2) (1), is used as a ditopic ligand with an enforced right angle between the two 4,4'-dipyridyl moieties for the coordination of Cd(2+) ion. Two coordination polymers, [[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PPh(3))(4)(4,4'-dipyridyl)(2)](2)[Cd(NO(3))(2)]](SbF(6))(4).21C(4)H(10)O.21CH(2)Cl(2) (2) and [[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(PPh(3))(4)(4,4'-dipyridyl)(2)][Cd(NO(3))(3)]](NO(3)).2C(4)H(10)O.CH(2)Cl(2) (3), are obtained. The relative concentration of Cd(2+) determines which species is isolated, and the conversion of the first structure into the second is demonstrated experimentally.     

Preparation,structures, and redox and emission characteristics of the isothiocyanate complexes of hexarhenium(III) clusters [Re6(mu3-E)8(NCS)6]4- (E = S,Se)

Hexarhenium(III) complexes with terminal isothiocyanate ligands, [(n-C(4)H(9))(4)N](4)[Re(6)(mu(3)-S)(8)(NCS)(6)] (1) and (L)(4)[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(NCS)(6)] (L(+) = PPN(+) (2a), (n-C(4)H(9))(4)N(+) (2b)), have been prepared by three different methods. Complex 1 was prepared by the reaction of [(n-C(4)H(9))(4)N](4)[Re(6)(mu(3)-S)(8)Cl(6)] with molten KSCN at 200 degrees C, while 2b was obtained by refluxing the chlorobenzene-DMF (2:1 v/v) solution of [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(CH(3)CN)(6)](SbF(6))(2) and [(n-C(4)H(9))(4)N]SCN. The [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(NCS)(6)](4)(-) anion was also obtained from a mixture of Cs(2)[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)Br(4)] and KSCN in C(2)H(5)OH by a mechanochemical activation at room temperature for 20 h and isolated as 2a. The X-ray structures of 1 and 2a.4DMF have been determined (1, C(70)H(144)N(10)S(14)Re(6), monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (No. 14), a = 14.464(7) A, b = 22.059(6) A, c = 16.642(8) A, beta = 113.62(3) degrees, V = 4864(3) A(3), Z = 2; 2a.4DMF, C(162)H(144)N(14)O(4)P(8)S(6)Se(8)Re(6), triclinic, space group P1 (No. 2), a = 15.263(2) A, b = 16.429(2) A, c = 17.111(3) A, alpha = 84.07(1) degrees, beta = 84.95(1) degrees, gamma = 74.21(1) degrees, V = 4098.3(8) A(3), Z = 1). All the NCS(-) ligands in both complexes are coordinated to the metal center via nitrogen site with the Re-N distances in the range of 2.07-2.13 A. The redox potentials of the reversible Re(III)(6)/Re(III)(5)Re(IV) process in acetonitrile are +0.84 and +0.70 V vs. Ag/AgCl for [Re(6)(mu(3)-S)(8)(NCS)(6)](4)(-) and [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(NCS)(6)](4)(-), respectively, which are the most positive among the known hexarhenium complexes with six terminal anionic ligands. The complexes show strong red luminescence with the emission maxima (lambda(max)/nm), lifetimes (tau(em)/micros), and quantum yields (phi(em)) being 745 and 715, 10.4 and 11.8, and 0.091 and 0.15 for 1 and 2b, respectively, in acetonitrile. The data reasonably well fit in the energy-gap plots of other hexarhenium(III) complexes. The temperature dependence of the emission spectra and tau(em) of 1 and [(n-C(4)H(9))(4)N](4)[Re(6)(mu(3)-S)(8)Cl(6)] are also reported.     

Anion-templated self-assembly of highly stable Fe(II) pentagonal metallacycles with short anion-π contacts

The crystal structures of the self-assembled metallapentacycles [{Fe(5)(bptz)(5)(CH(3)CN)(10)} ? 2SbF(6)][SbF(6)](8) (1) and [{Fe(5)(bmtz)(5)(CH(3)CN)(10)} ? SbF(6)][SbF(6)](9) (2) with the π-acidic ligands bptz (3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) and bmtz (3,6-bis(2-pyrimidyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine), respectively, revealed cationic pentagons templated by [SbF(6)](-) ions. The short anion-π contacts established between the anions and the tetrazine rings play an important role in the stability of the pentagons.     

Geometrically specific imino complexes of the [Re6(μ3-Se)8]2+ core-containing clusters

The reactions of nitrile complexes of the [Re(6)(μ(3)-Se)(8)](2+) core-containing clusters, [Re(6)(μ(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(n)(CH(3)CN)(6-n)](2+) [n = 5 (1); n = 4, cis- (2) and trans- (3); n = 0 (4)], with organic azides C(6)H(5)CH(CH(3))N(3) and C(6)H(5)CH(2)N(3) produced the corresponding cationic imino complexes of the general formula [Re(6)(μ(3)-Se)(8)(PEt(3))(n)(L)(6-n)](2+) [L = PhN=CHCH(3): n = 5 (5); n = 4, cis- (6) and trans- (7); n = 0 (8) and L = HN=CHPh: n = 5 (9); n = 4, cis- (10) and trans- (11)]. These novel complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy ((1)H and (31)P) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A mechanism involving the migration of one of the groups on the azido α-C atom to the α-N atom of the azido complex, concerted with the photo-expulsion of N(2), was invoked to rationalize the formation of the imino complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that due to the coordination with and activation by the cluster core, the energy of the electronic transition responsible for the photo-decomposition of a cluster-bound azide is much reduced with respect to its pure organic counterpart. The observed geometric specificity was rationalized by using the calculated and optimized preferred ground-state conformation of the cluster-azido intermediates.     

Copper(II) complexes of a series of polypyridine ligands possessing a 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethane common moiety: incorporation and hydrolysis of phosphate esters

Two tetradentate ligands 1,2-bis[2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-6-pyridyl]ethane (L1) and 1,2-bis[2-(N-piperidinomethyl)-6-pyridyl]ethane (L2) and a hexadentate ligand 1,2-bis(2-((methyl(pyridylmethyl)amino)methyl)-6-pyridyl)ethane (L3) were prepared as part of a series of new polypyridine ligands possessing a 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethane common moiety. L1 and L2 form mononuclear Cu(II) complexes [Cu(L)(Cl)](ClO4) [L = L1 (1) and L2 (2)], respectively. L3 forms a dinuclear Cu(II) complex [Cu2(L3)((PhO)2PO2)2](ClO4)2 (3) or a hexanuclear Cu(II) complex [Cu6(L3)3((PhO)PO3)4](ClO4)4 (4) in the presence of (PhO)2PO2- monoanion or (PhO)PO3(2-) dianion, respectively. The structures of 1-4 were determined by X-ray analysis. The structures in solution were investigated by means of FAB and CSI MS spectrometers. The structural flexibility of the common 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethane moiety and of the pendant groups allows complexes 1-4 to adapt to the various structures. Each Cu ion in 1 and 2 adopts a square pyramidal geometry with one Cl ion and two pendant groups (L1 and L2) binding in a bis-bidentate chelate mode. There is no steric repulsion between the pendant groups, so that the ligands specifically stabilize the mononuclear structures. L3 binds two Cu(II) ions with two pendant groups in tridentate chelate modes and, with the incorporation of phosphate esters, various dinuclear units are formed in 3 and 4. In 4, a dinuclear unit of [Cu2(L3)]4+ links two dinuclear units of [Cu2(L3)(PhOPO3)2] with four (mu3)-1,3-PhOPO3(2-) bridges. The hydrolytic activity of 2 and a dicopper(II) complex of L3 was examined with tris(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (TNP) as a substrate.     

Substitution of the terminal chloride ligands of [Re(6)S(8)Cl(6)](4-) with triethylphosphine: photophysical and electrochemical properties of a new series of [Re(6)S(8)](2+) based clusters

A systematic substitution of the terminal chlorides coordinated to the hexanuclear cluster [Re(6)S(8)Cl(6)](4-) has been conducted. The following complexes: [Re(6)S(8)(PEt(3))Cl(5)](3-) (1), cis- (cis-2) and trans-[Re(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(2)Cl(4)](2-) (trans-2), mer- (mer-3) and fac-[Re(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(3)Cl(3)](-) (fac-3), and cis- (cis-4) and trans-[Re(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(4)Cl(2)] (trans-4) were synthesized and fully characterized. Compared to the substitution of the halide ligands of the related [Re(6)S(8)Br(6)](4-) and [Re(6)Se(8)I(6)](3-) clusters, the chloride ligands are slower to substitute which allowed us to prepare the first monophosphine cluster (1). In addition, the synthesis of fac-3 was optimized by using cis-2 as the starting material, which led to a significant increase in the overall yield of this isomer. Notably, we observed evidence of phosphine isomerization taking place during the preparation of the facial isomer; this was unexpected based on the relatively inert nature of the Re-P bond. The structures of Bu(4)N(+) salts of trans-2, mer-3, and fac-3 were determined using X-ray crystallography. All compounds display luminescent behavior. A study of the photophysical properties of these complexes includes measurement of the excited state lifetimes (which ranged from 4.1-7.1 μs), the emission quantum yields, the rates of radiative and non-radiative decay, and the rate of quenching with O(2). Quenching studies verify the triplet state nature of the excited state.     

Self-assembly of coordination polymers from AgX (X = SbF(6)(-), PF(6)(-), and CF(3)SO(3)(-)) and oxadiazole-containing ligands

The coordination chemistry of the oxadiazole-containing rigid bidentate ligands 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (L1), 2,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (L2), and 2,5-bis(3-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (L3) with inorganic Ag(I) salts has been investigated. Four new coordination polymers (1, 2, 3, and 5) and one new bimetallic macrocyclic supramolecular complex (4) were synthesized from solution reactions of L1-L3 with inorganic Ag(I) salts, respectively. Compounds [[Ag(L1)]SbF(6)](n) (1) (1, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 6.6846(4) A, b = 27.1113(15) A, c = 8.6802(5) A, beta = 94.1080(10) degrees, Z = 4) and [[Ag(L1)]PF(6)](n) (2) (2, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 6.6753(3) A, b = 27.2824(14) A, c = 8.2932(4) A, beta = 94.6030(10) degrees, Z = 4) were obtained from the reactions of L1 with AgSbF(6) and AgPF(6) in a CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH mixed solvent system, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural and feature a novel two-dimensional zeolite-like net with two different individual rings. [[Ag(L2)]SbF(6)](n) (3) (3, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 5.5677(3) A, b = 17.3378(9) A, c = 15.6640(8) A, beta = 94.4100(10) degrees, Z = 2) and [Ag(2)(L2)(2)](SbF(6))(2) (4) (4, triclinic, P1, a = 8.7221(5) A, b = 9.2008(6) A, c = 10.7686(7) A, alpha = 70.6270(10) degrees, beta = 75.7670(10) degrees, gamma = 73.7560(10) degrees, Z = 1) were obtained from one-pot reaction of L2 with AgSbF(6) in a CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH mixed solvent system. Compound 3 features a one-dimensional chain pattern, while compound 4 adopts a novel bimetallic macrocyclic structural motif which consists of Ag(2)(L2)(2) ringlike units (crystallographic dimensions, 8.06 x 7.42 A(2)). [[Ag(L3)]SO(3)CF(3)](n) (5) is generated from L3 and AgSO(3)CF(3) in a CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH mixed solvent system and crystallizes in the unusual space group Pbcn, with a = 9.8861(5) A, b = 20.2580(10) A, c = 17.5517(8) A, Z = 8. It adopts novel two-dimensional sheets that are cross-linked to each other by strong interlayer N-H...O hydrogen bonding interactions into a novel H-bonded three-dimensional network.     

Conversion of a Re(IV) tetrahedral cluster to a Re(III) octahedral cluster: synthesis of [(CH3)C(NH2)(2)](4)[Re(6)Se(8)(CN)(6)] by a solvothermal route

The compound [(CH(3))C(NH(2))(2)](4)[Re(6)Se(8)(CN)(6)] has been synthesized by the reaction at 200 degrees C for 3 days of Re(4)Te(4)(TeCl(2))(4)Cl(8), KSeCN, and NH(4)Cl in superheated acetonitrile. This compound crystallizes in the space group C2/c of the monoclinic system with four formula units in a cell of dimensions a = 20.3113(14) A, b = 10.1332(7) A, c = 19.9981(14) A, beta = 106.754(1) degrees, V = 3941.3(5) A(3) (T = 153 K). The [Re(6)Se(8)(CN)(6)](4-) anion comprises an Re(6) octahedron face capped by mu(3)-Se atoms, with each Re atom liganded by a CN group. The anions and cations are connected by an extensive network of hydrogen bonds. The conversion of a Re(IV) tetrahedral cluster to a Re(III) octahedral cluster appears to be unprecedented.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Four Consecutive Members of the Five-Member [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)](n)()(+) (n = 0-4) Cluster Electron Transfer Series

The clusters [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)](+,2+) have been shown by other investigators to be formed by the reaction of [Fe(OH(2))(6)](2+) and H(2)S, to contain face-capped octahedral Fe(6)S(8) cores, and to be components of the five-membered electron transfer series [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)](n)()(+) (n = 0-4) estalished electrochemically. We have prepared two additional series members. Reaction of [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)](2+) with iodine in dichloromethane affords [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)](3+), isolated as the perchlorate salt (48%). Reduction of [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)](2+) with Na(Ph(2)CO) in acetonitrile/THF produces the neutral cluster [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)] (65%). The structures of the four clusters with n = 0, 1+, 2+, 3+ were determined at 223 K. The compounds [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)](ClO(4))(3), [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)] crystallize in trigonal space group R&thremacr;c with a = 21.691(4), 16.951(4) ?, c = 23.235(6), 19.369(4) ?, and Z = 6, 3. The compounds [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)](BF(4))(2), [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)](BF(4)).2MeCN were obtained in monoclinic space groups P2(1)/c, C2/c with a = 11.673(3), 16.371(4) ?, b = 20.810(5), 16.796(4) ?, c = 12.438(4), 23.617(7) ?, beta = 96.10(2), 97.98(2) degrees, and Z = 2, 4. [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)](BPh(4))(2) occurred in trigonal space group P&onemacr; with a = 11.792(4) ?, b = 14.350(5) ?, c = 15.536(6) ?, alpha = 115.33(3) degrees, beta = 90.34(3) degrees, gamma = 104.49(3) degrees, and Z = 1. Changes in metric features across the series are slight but indicate increasing population of antibonding Fe(6)S(8) core orbitals upon reduction. Zero-field M?ssbauer spectra are consistent with this result, isomer shifts increasing by ca. 0.05 mm/s for each electron added, and indicate a delocalized electronic structure. Magnetic susceptibility measurements together with previously reported results established the ground states S = (3)/(2) (3+), 3 (2+), (7)/(2) (1+), 3 (0). The clusters [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)](n)()(+) possess the structural and electronic features requisite to multisequential electron transfer reactions. This work provides the first example of a cluster type isolated over four consecutive oxidation states. Note is also made of the significance of the [Fe(6)S(8)(PEt(3))(6)](n)()(+) cluster type in the development of iron-sulfur-phosphine cluster chemistry.     

Cluster core controlled reactions of substitution of terminal bromide ligands by triphenylphosphine in octahedral rhenium chalcobromide complexes

Reactions of rhenium chalcobromides Cs4[{Re6(mu3-S)8}Br6].2H2O, Cs3[{Re6(mu3-Se)8}Br6].2H2O, Cs3[{Re6(mu3-Q)7(mu3-Br)}Br6].H2O (Q = S, Se), and K2[{Re6(mu3-S)6(mu3-Br)2}Br6] with molten triphenylphosphine (PPh3) have resulted in a family of novel molecular hybrid inorganic-organic cluster compounds. Six octahedral rhenium cluster complexes containing PPh3 ligands with general formula [{Re6(mu3-Q)8-n(mu3-Br)n}(PPh3)4-nBrn+2] (Q = S, n = 0, 1, 2; Q = Se, n = 0, 1) have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction and elemental analyses, 31P{1H} NMR, luminescent measurements, and quantum-chemical calculations. It was found that the number of terminal PPh3 ligands in the complexes is controlled by the composition and consequently by the charge of the cluster core {Re6Q8-nBrn}n+2. In crystal structures of the complexes with mixed chalcogen/bromine ligands in the cluster core all positions of a cube [Q8-nBrn] are ordered and occupied exclusively by Q or Br atoms. Luminescence characteristics of the compounds trans-[{Re6Q8}(PPh3)4Br2] and fac-[{Re6Se7Br}(PPh3)3Br3] (Q = S, Se) have been investigated in CH2Cl2 solution and the broad emission spectra in the range of 600-850 nm were observed.     

Hexafluoroantimony(V) salts of the cationic Ti(IV) fluoride non metallocene complexes [TiF3(MeCN)3]+ and [TiF2L]2+ (L = 15-Crown-5 and 18-Crown-6). Preparation, characterization and thermodynamic stability

The cationic titanium fluoride containing complexes [fac-TiF3(MeCN)3][SbF6].MeCN (1), [trans-TiF2(15-Crown-5)][SbF6]2(2) and [trans-TiF2(18-Crown-6)][SbF6]2(2), were prepared by the reaction of TiF4, the molecular ligand and SbF5 in MeCN. Complexes 1-3 were characterized by X-ray single crystal analysis, elemental analysis, IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. Titanium tetrafluoride reacts with the SbF5 in SO2 with the formation of fac-[TiF3(SO2)3]+, detected by 19F NMR. Application of the volume-based approach to thermodynamics (VBT) offers a means, for the first time, of exploring the energetics surrounding these materials and in the thermodynamic section a discussion of this new approach is provided. It emerges that the basis of the thermodynamic driving force of formation of [TiF3L3][SbF6](s) salts, that enforces the unfavourable [DeltaH degrees =+ 237 (+/-20) kJ mol(-1)] fluoride ion transfer from the Lewis acid TiF4(s) to SbF5(l) to give the hypothetical [TiF3]+[SbF6]-(s), is the higher Ti-L (L = ligand) bond energy in the cationic complexes [TiF3L3]+ as compared to that in the molecular adducts TiF4L2(s) and SbF5L(s) so giving rise to larger enthalpies of complexation of [TiF3]+(g) by 3L(g) compared to those for complexation of TiF4(g) by 2L(g) and SbF5(g) by 1L(g). Formation of the trans-[TiF2(15-Crown-5)]2+ and trans-[TiF2(18-Crown-6)]2+ is accounted for the stabilization of [TiF2]2+ cation by the five donor acceptor Ti-O contacts and the accompanying positive charge delocalization. Cationic titanium(IV) complexes fac-[TiF3MeCN)3-nLn]+(n= 0-3) and cis-[TiF318-Crown-6)]+, trans-[TiF2(Crown)]2+(Crown = 15-Crown-5 and 18-Crown-6) were obtained in MeCN solution by the reaction of fac-[TiF3(MeCN)3]+ and L = Et2, THF, H2 or crown ethers. Complexes fac-[TiF3(MeCN)3-nLn][SbF6] L = Et2, THF, H2O, crown ethers are unstable in MeCN solution and slowly decompose giving molecular complexes cis-TiF4L2, cis-TiF4(Crown), SbF5L, titanium oxofluoride and alkoxide complexes. The structure of the fac-[TiF3(MeCN)3]+ is similar to the fac-[TiCl3(MeCN)3]+ and the complexes trans-[TiF2L]2+ L = 15-Crown-5, 18-Crown-6 have very similar geometries to that of trans-[TiCl2(15-Crown-5)]+ showing that the essential features of coordination are the same for the cationic titanium chloride and fluoride complexes with MeCN and 15-Crown-5, 18-Crown-6.     

Synthesis and characterization of Cu(2)(I,I), Cu(2)(I,II), and Cu(2)(II,II) compounds supported by two phthalazine-based ligands: influence of a hydrophobic pocket

The copper coordination chemistry of two phthalazine-based ligands of differing steric bulk was investigated. A family of dinuclear complexes were prepared from reactions of [Cu(2)(bdptz)(MeCN)(2)](OTf)(2), 1(OTf)(2), where bdptz = 1,4-bis(2,2'-dipyridylmethyl)phthalazine. Treatment of 1(OTf)(2) with NaO(2)CCH(3) afforded the class I mixed-valent compound [Cu(2)(bdptz)(2)](OTf)(3), 2(OTf)(3), by disproportionation of Cu(I). Compound 2(OTf)(3) displays an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum, with g( parallel ) = 2.25 (A( parallel ) = 169 G) and g( perpendicular ) = 2.06, and exhibits a reversible redox wave at -452 mV versus Cp(2)Fe(+)/Cp(2)Fe. The complex [Cu(2)(bdptz)(micro-OH)(MeCN)(2)](OTf)(3), 3(OTf)(3), was prepared by chemical oxidation of 1 with AgOTf, and exposure of 1 to dioxygen afforded [Cu(2)(bdptz)(micro-OH)(2)](2)(OTs)(4), 4(OTs)(4), which can also be obtained directly from [Cu(H(2)O)(6)](OTs)(2). In compound [Cu(2)(bdptz)(micro-vpy)](OTf)(2), 5(OTf)(2), where vpy = 2-vinylpyridine, the vpy ligand bridges the two Cu(I) centers by using both its pyridine nitrogen and the olefin as donor functionalities. The sterically hindered compounds [Cu(2)(Ph(4)bdptz)(MeCN)(2)](OTf)(2), 6(OTf)(2), and [Cu(2)(Ph(4)bdptz)(micro-O(2)CCH(3))](OTf), 7(OTf), were also synthesized, where Ph(4)bdptz = 1,4-bis[bis(6-phenyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]phthalazine. Complexes 1-7 were characterized structurally by X-ray crystallography. In 6 and 7, the four phenyl rings form a hydrophobic pocket that houses the acetonitrile and acetate ligands. Complex 6 displays two reversible redox waves with E(1/2) values of +41 and +516 mV versus Cp(2)Fe(+)/Cp(2)Fe. Analysis of oxygenated solutions of 6 by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry reveals probable aromatic hydroxylation of the Ph(4)bdptz ligand. The different chemical and electrochemical behavior of 1 versus 6 highlights the influence of a hydrophobic binding pocket on the stability and reactivity of the dicopper(I) centers.