A low-spin isomer in 74Br; Its half-life and decay scheme

The isotope ⁷⁴Br was produced as the daughter of ⁷⁴Kr. This production mode leads to a ⁷⁴Br isomer whose half-life was measured to be 25.3 ± 0.3 min. A decay scheme based on the 85 observed β-delayed γ-rays suggests the spin assignment (0, 1)^?. Previous detailed studies have reported a 41.5 ± 1.5 min, 4^? isomer of ⁷⁴Br which is produced directly in nuclear reactions. There is no indication which of the two isomers represents the ground state of ⁷⁴Br.     

Delayed neutrons and high-energy γ-rays from decay of 87Br

Delayed neutrons and high-energy γ-rays following decay of ⁸⁷Br have been studied to characterize the β-decay to and the decay of neutron unbound levels in ⁸⁷Kr. The principal part of the neutron spectrum appears due to some 20–30 individual transitions and for seven of these, decay by γ-ray emission has been demonstrated. The β-strength function derived from these data and the decay scheme at lower energies is dominated by a broad resonance located near the neutron binding energy which can be identified with the main strength of a single-particle transition. The fluctuations in the reduced β-transition probabilities are found to be in accord with the Porter-Thomas distribution and the observed level density just above the neutron binding energy is consistent with the Gilbert and Cameron prediction after accounting for fluctuation in the β-decay transition probabilities.     

Levels in 44Ca excited by the β-decay of 44K

The β-decay of 22 min ⁴⁴K has been re-investigated with a Ge(Li) spectrometer of improved resolution and efficiency. A total of 58 γ-rays has been assigned to the decay of ⁴⁴K. Of these 53 have been incorporated into a revised decay scheme containing 20 excited states. The ⁴⁴K half-life was determined to be 22.15 ± 0.20 min.     

The excited states of 85Sr

High resolution γ-ray studies have shown the decay patterns of isomers of ⁸⁵Y to be very complex. A level scheme of ⁸⁵Sr is proposed from the results of γ-γ coincidence measurements. Spin and parity assignments to the levels of ⁸⁵Sr were made on the basis of log ft values, nuclear reaction data and γ-ray branchings. The level scheme is discussed within the theoretical framework of $\text{n(}\text{g}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>9</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{?3}}$ cluster properties.     

Levels in 161Tm excited in the decay of 4.2 min 161Yb

The decay of ¹⁶¹Yb ($\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 4.2}\text{min}$) has been investigated with Ge(Li) and Si(Li) detectors and a toroidal β-spectrometer. Isobarically separated samples produced by the YASNAPP facility at Dubna Institute were used. The singles γ-ray spectrum, the conversion electron spectrum, γ-γ-τ and e-γ coincidences have been measured. In all, 67 γ-ray transitions have been observed. A decay scheme for ¹⁶¹Yb is proposed involving 12 excited states in ¹⁶¹Tm. The $\text{7}\text{2}$⁺[404], $\text{7}\text{2}$^?[523] and $\text{5}\text{2}$⁺[402] levels have been identified. The interpretation of the high-lying levels is discussed. The Q-value of ¹⁶¹Yb decay has been determined to be 3850 ± 250 keV. The A-dependence of the energies of the one-quasiparticle states in odd-A Tm isotopes is demonstrated.     

The g-factors of the first excited states in 78Br and 80Br

Low-lying states of the doubly odd Br isotopes were populated by means of the nuclear reactions ^{78, 80, 82}Se(p, n)^{78, 80, 82}Br. The g-factors of the first excited 2^? states in ⁷⁸Br and ⁸⁰Br were measured with the pulsed beam DPAD method and were found to be $\text{g(}{}^{78}\text{Br}\text{) = ? 0.56 ± 0.02}$ and $\text{g(}{}^{80}\text{Br}\text{) = ? 0.83 ± 0.06}$.     

Half-life measurements of excited levels in 122I

The half-lives of three low-lying levels in ¹²²I have been measured using delayed coincidence techniques. The following results were obtained: $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{(61.8}\text{keV}\text{) = 7.4 ± 0.5}\text{ns}\text{, T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{(90.7}\text{keV}\text{) = 1.9 ± 0.3}\text{ns and}\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{(148.8}\text{keV}\text{) ≦ 80}\text{ps}$. All transitions depopulating these levels are mainly of M1 multipolarity; they are hindered with factors up to 295 as compared to the single particle estimates.     

Nuclear lifetime measurements of some excited states in 187Re

Earlier measurements on half-lives of the 686 keV, 625 keV and 618 keV levels in ¹⁸⁷Re have shown remarkable disagreements. The main object of this investigation has been to remeasure these half-lives by means of the delayed coincidence method utilizing a long-lens electron-electron spectrometer. The half-lives of these levels were measured as being: 686 keV level: $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 10±3}\text{ps}\text{; 625 keV}$ level: $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 548 ± 20}\text{ps}\text{; 618 keV}$ level: $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{<50}\text{ps}$.     

Discovery of a very low-lying 0+ state in 98Sr and shape coexistence implication in 98Sr

Using the on-line mass separator OSTIS for studies of short-lived fission products, we found two modes for the β-decay of ⁹⁸Rb with respective half-lives of 96 and 114 ms. The latter decay populates a 0⁺ state in ⁹⁸Sr at the unusually low energy of 215.5 keV, which is by far the lowest 0⁺ excited state observed in even-even nuclei. The half-lives of the 0⁺ and the 2₁⁺ states in ⁹⁸Sr were found to be respectively 25 ns and 4 ns. The transition probabilities, the reduced E0 matrix element and the observed level structure suggest shape coexistence for ⁹⁸Sr: the spheroidal 0₁⁺ ground state shows a rotational band with the 2⁺, 4⁺, (6⁺) levels, whereas the presumably spherical 0₂⁺ excited state may be connected with the 2⁺ level of a vibrational band. A simple model is proposed.     

Analysis of the properties of excited states in 165Er

An analysis of ¹⁶⁵Tm decay has shown that precision measurements of the γ-ray and internal conversion electron intensities, in combination with angular correlation measurements, provide additional data useful for the determination of the mixing and intensity ratios of γ-transitions with a small energy difference. The spin of the 589.868 keV state is found to be $\text{I}{}^{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{=}\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$. Doublet opposite-parity transitions from states at 1103.495, 920.632 and 745.968 keV to levels near 590 keV with an energy difference ΔE = 108 ± 22 eV are identified.     

On the structure of71As and 73As

The structure of the nuclei ⁷¹As and ⁷³As has been investigated by studying the decay of ⁷¹Se, ^73gSe and ^73mSe, the ⁷²Ge(p, 2nγ)⁷¹As reaction, the ⁷³Ge(p, nγ)⁷³As reaction and the ⁷²Ge(³He, d) ⁷³As reaction. Level schemes of ⁷¹As and ⁷³As are constructed on basis of the energies and intensities of the gamma transitions and their coincidence relations. Spins and parities are deduced from log ft values, l-values and the decay properties of the excited states. The measured half-life of the lowest excited state in ⁷¹As is $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 59 ± 10}\text{ns}$. The experimental level-schemes are compared with the predictions of the cluster-vibrational coupling model.     

The 6.05 MeV 0+ state in 16O: A shape isomer

A variational calculation predicts the existence of a quadrupole deformed isomeric state in ¹⁶O, which may be associated with the observed rotational band starting at 6.05 MeV. Calculated B(E2) value and strength in the ¹⁸O(p, t) reaction support this interpretation.     

Decay studies of neutron-rich products from 76Ge induced multinucleon transfer reactions including the new isotopes 62Mn, 63Fe and 71, 72, 73Cu

By irradiating a ^natW target with 9 MeV/u ⁷⁶Ge ions, neutron-rich isotopes in the chromiumgermanium region were produced. On-line mass-separated samples were investigated. The new isotopes ⁶²Mn, ⁷¹Cu, ⁷²Cu and ⁷³Cu were identified and their half-lives measured to be 0.88(15), 19.5(16), 6.6(1) and 3.9(3) s, respectively. The half-life of ⁶³Fe, a nucleus which has previously been detected using particle-identification techniques, was measured to be 4.9(5) s. Decay schemes were derived in most cases. Additional spectroscopic information was obtained on the decays of ⁷³Zn and ⁷⁴Zn. We give evidence that the earlier reported γ-ray activity attributed to ⁶⁷Ni belongs to the decay of the ⁷⁰Cu isomers. At A = 67 we observed a new β-ray activity of 21(1) s half-life which is here assigned to the decay of ⁶⁷Ni.     

Evidence for an isomeric state in 216Th

A new α-line with E_α = 9.912±0.020 MeV is assigned to an isomeric state in ²¹⁶Th. It decays with a half-life of $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 180±40 μ}\text{s}$. There are indications for a dominating γ-branch.     

Isospin impurity of 64Ga ground state

It is well known that the observation of a nonzero Fermi matrix element for a β-transition between states that differ in isospin can provide information about the relative isospin purity of the states involved. We have determined the log ft value for the 0⁺ → 0⁺ (ΔT ≠ 0) β-transition in ${}^{64}\text{Ga}\text{→}{}^{64}\text{Zn}$ decay as 6.516 ± 0.020. From this log ft value, we have deduced |M_F| = (43.4 ± 1.1) × 10^?3, |α| = (21.7 ± 0.6) × 10^?3 and |〈V_CD〉| = 41.7 ± 1.1 keV, where M_F,α² and 〈V_CD〉 represent the Fermi matrix element, isospin impurity and Coulomb matrix element, respectively. The Coulomb matrix element of 41.7 keV found for ⁶⁴Ga is one of the largest known from β-decay experiments. The experimental procedure involved a careful measurement of the intensity of the annihilation radiation relative to that of the other γ-rays from ⁶⁴Ga decay. As a by-product, we have obtained an improved ⁶⁴Ga decay scheme. We have also summarized the existing information on the isospin impurities of nuclear states as deduced from β-decay experiments.     

Electromagnetic decay of excited 0+ states in 64, 66, 68Zn

The E0 and E2 transitions depopulating the excited 0⁺ states in ^64,66,68Zn are investigated. Several methods of γ-ray, conversion-electron and internal-pair spectrometry are employed, including a new time measurement technique. A total of 5 E0 transitions are observed and the monopole strengths ρ²(0_i⁺ → 0_i⁺) for most of them are extracted. The results and the nature of the excited 0⁺ states are discussed in terms of several nuclear models.     

g-factor of the 91.5 keV state in 151Sm

The g-factor of the 91.5 keV state in ¹⁵¹Sm has been measured by the TDPAC method using γγ cascades following the β-decay of 28 h ¹⁵¹Pm. The result is g = ?0.21±0.01. The anisotropy of the angular correlation for the 232.2-25.7 keV cascade is measured to be A = +0.058±0.006. From this an M1/E2 mixing ratio of δ² = 0.008±0.002 for the 232.3 keV transition is concluded. No attenuation of the anisotropy of the angular correlation is observed for aqueous solution sources of SmC1 in excess of hydrochloric acid. Spin and parity assignments for excited states in ¹⁵¹Sm are presented.     

Decay of 48K, 49K and 50K

The ⁴⁸K, ⁴⁹K and ⁵⁰K nuclides have been produced in high energy fragmentation and analyzed by mass spectroscopy techniques. Their half-lives have been measured as 6 ± 1 s, 1.1 ± 0.3 s and and 0.7 ± 0.3 s, respectively. The γ-rays from their radioactive decay have been observed and the corresponding γ-intensities measured. The nuclide ⁵⁰K is shown to be a delayed neutron emitter. The antianalog states in the daughter Ca nuclei with a $\text{(1d}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ neutron configuration, preferentially populated in the β-decay, have been located. The corresponding $\text{1d}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ neutron single-particle energy is found to remain approximately constant for these neutron-rich Ca isotopes.     

Measurement of the parity non-conservation in nuclear forces in 75As, 171Tm,and 175Lu and of the polarized bremsstrahlung from 51Cr, 170Tm, 177Lu,and 198Au

The circular polarization P of γ-rays from unpolarized sources of ⁷⁵Se, ¹⁷¹Er, and ¹⁷⁵Yb of strengths ? 500 Ci has been measured with a Compton polarimeter of the radial transmission type. Eight NaI crystals and a four-fold current integration system were used to simultaneously record the data in four independent channels. The results are: P = ?(1.8 ± 6.0) × 10^?5 for the 401 keV transition in ⁷⁵As (the experimental error is ± 1.5 × 10^?5, the remaining part is due to the uncertainty in the decay scheme of ⁷⁵Se), P = (0.8 ± 1.5) × 10^?4 for the 296 keV and 308 keV transition in ¹⁷¹Tm, and P = (5.7 ± 0.8) × 10^?5 for the 396 keV transition in ¹⁷⁵Lu. The last value confirms the parity non-conservation in nuclear forces. The polarimeter was calibrated with bremsstrahlung from ¹⁷⁰Tm. The correction for polarized bremsstrahlung was given special attention. Correction factors are derived for ⁵¹Cr, ¹⁷⁷Lu, and ¹⁹⁸Au from a comparison of the measured and calculated bremsstrahlung yields.     

The quadrupole moments of the 5− states in 116Sn, 118Sn and 120Sn

The quadrupole interaction frequencies $\text{ω}{}_0\text{=}\text{3eQ}{}_1\text{V}{}_{\mathrm{zz}}\text{41(21-1)}\text{h}\text{?}$ in the 5^? state of ¹¹⁸Sn have been measured by time differential perturbed angular correlation technique in Sn, Sb and (95% Sn+5% Sb) environments. The ω₀ for ¹¹⁶Sn was determined in Sn environment only. With the help of the known electric field gradient ¹) of Sn in a Sn lattice the quadrupole moments have been deduced as $\text{Q(5}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{,}{}^{118}\text{Sn}\text{) = ±0.10(4) b}\text{and}\text{Q(5}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{,}{}^{116}\text{Sn}\text{) = ±0.165(60)}\text{b}$. These values together with the known²) quadrupole moment of the analogous 5^? state in ¹²⁰Sn are interpreted in terms of the pure single-particle model. The data exhibit the expected strong systematic variation of Q_I with the number of particles in the h_{$\text{11}\text{2}$}. subshell which is being filled with 1, 3 and 5 neutrons in ¹¹⁶Sn, ¹¹⁸Sn, and ¹²⁰Sn, respectively.