Numerical analysis of a mathematical model for propagation of an electrical pulse in a neuron

This article is devoted to the study of a mathematical model arising in the mathematical modeling of pulse propagation in nerve fibers. A widely accepted model of nerve conduction is based on nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations. When considered as part of a particular initial boundary value problem the equation models the electrical activity in a neuron. A small perturbation parameter ε is introduced to the highest order derivative term. The parameter if decreased, speeds up the fast variables of the model equations whereas it does not affect the slow variables. In order to formally reduce the problem to a discussion of the moment of fronts and backs we take the limit ε → 0. This limit is singular and is therefore the solution tends to a slowly moving solution of the limiting equation. This leads to the boundary layers located in the neighborhoods of the boundary of the domain where the solution has very steep gradient. Most of the classical methods are incapable of providing helpful information about this limiting solution. To this effort a parameter robust numerical method is constructed on a piecewise uniform fitted mesh. The method consists of standard upwind finite difference operator. A rigorous analysis is carried out to obtain priori estimates on the solution of the problem and its derivatives. A parameter uniform error estimate for the numerical scheme so constructed is established in the maximum norm. It is then proven that the numerical method is unconditionally stable and provides a solution that converges to the solution of the differential equation. A set of numerical experiment is carried out in support of the predicted theory, which validates computationally the theoretical results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2008     

Numerical treatment of a mathematical model arising from a model of neuronal variability

In this paper, we describe a numerical approach based on finite difference method to solve a mathematical model arising from a model of neuronal variability. The mathematical modelling of the determination of the expected time for generation of action potentials in nerve cells by random synaptic inputs in dendrites includes a general boundary-value problem for singularly perturbed differential-difference equation with small shifts. In the numerical treatment for such type of boundary-value problems, first we use Taylor approximation to tackle the terms containing small shifts which converts it to a boundary-value problem for singularly perturbed differential equation. A rigorous analysis is carried out to obtain priori estimates on the solution of the problem and its derivatives up to third order. Then a parameter uniform difference scheme is constructed to solve the boundary-value problem so obtained. A parameter uniform error estimate for the numerical scheme so constructed is established. Though the convergence of the difference scheme is almost linear but its beauty is that it converges independently of the singular perturbation parameter, i.e., the numerical scheme converges for each value of the singular perturbation parameter (however small it may be but remains positive). Several test examples are solved to demonstrate the efficiency of the numerical scheme presented in the paper and to show the effect of the small shift on the solution behavior.     

双曲-抛物型偏微分方程奇摄动混合问题的数值解法

构造了二阶双曲—抛物型方程奇摄动混合问题的差分格式，给出了差分解的能量不等式，并证明了差分解在离散范数下关于小参数一致收敛于摄动问题的解。     

带有两个小参数的二阶椭圆型偏微分方程第一边值问题的数值解法

§1.引言 在实际问题中经常出现带有多个小参数的微分方程问题,例如两参数问题在润滑理论中的应用,在化学反应理论中的应用,以及在直流电动机分析中的应用.从实际问题出发,我们研究几个导数项前乘有不同小参数的微分方程问题.O’Malley对上述问题的渐近方法作了较为深入的研究.[8]中曾探讨带有两个小参数的常微分方程第     

Numerical solution of singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problem using parameter uniform B-spline collocation method

This paper is concerned with a numerical scheme to solve a singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problem. The solution of this problem exhibits the boundary layer on the right-hand side of the domain due to the presence of singular perturbation parameter ε. The scheme involves B-spline collocation method and appropriate piecewise-uniform Shishkin mesh. Bounds are established for the derivative of the analytical solution. Moreover, the present method is boundary layer resolving as well as second-order uniformly convergent in the maximum norm. A comprehensive analysis has been given to prove the uniform convergence with respect to singular perturbation parameter. Several numerical examples are also given to demonstrate the efficiency of B-spline collocation method and to validate the theoretical aspects.     

A singular perturbation approach to solve Burgers–Huxley equation via monotone finite difference scheme on layer-adaptive mesh

This paper deals with a numerical method for solving one-dimensional unsteady Burgers–Huxley equation with the viscosity coefficient ε. The parameter ε takes any values from the half open interval (0, 1]. At small values of the parameter ε, an outflow boundary layer is produced in the neighborhood of right part of the lateral surface of the domain and the problem can be considered as a non-linear singularly perturbed problem with a singular perturbation parameter ε. Using singular perturbation analysis, asymptotic bounds for the derivatives of the solution are established by decomposing the solution into smooth and singular components. We construct a numerical scheme that comprises of implicit-Euler method to discretize in temporal direction on uniform mesh and a monotone hybrid finite difference operator to discretize the spatial variable with piecewise uniform Shishkin mesh. To obtain better accuracy, we use central finite difference scheme in the boundary layer region. Shishkin meshes are refined in the boundary layer region, therefore stability constraint is satisfied by proposed scheme. Quasilinearization process is used to tackle the non-linearity and it is shown that quasilinearization process converges quadratically. The method has been shown to be first order uniformly accurate in the temporal variable, and in the spatial direction it is first order parameter uniform convergent in the outside region of boundary layer, and almost second order parameter uniform convergent in the boundary layer region. Accuracy and uniform convergence of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical examples and comparison of numerical results made with the other existing methods.     

Nonstandard perturbation approximation and travelling wave solutions of nonlinear reaction diffusion equations

This paper deals with the construction of a nonstandard numerical method to compute the travelling wave solutions of nonlinear reaction diffusion equations at high wave speeds. Related general properties are studied using the perturbation approximation. At high wave speed the perturbation parameter approaches to zero and the problem exhibits a multiscale character. That is, there are thin layers where the solution varies rapidly, while away from these layers the solution behaves regularly and varies slowly. Most of the conventional methods fail to capture this layer behavior. Thus, the quest for some new numerical techniques that may handle the travelling wave solutions at high wave speeds earns relevance. In this paper, one such parameter robust nonstandard numerical scheme is constructed, in the sense that its numerical solution converges in the maximum norm to the exact solution uniformly well for all finite wave speeds. To overcome the difficulty due to the nonlinearity, the problem is linearized using the quasilinearization process followed by nonstandard finite difference discretization. An extensive amount of analysis is carried out which uses a suitable decomposition of the error into smooth and singular component and a comparison principle combined with appropriate barrier functions. The error estimates are obtained, which ensures uniform convergence of the method. A set of numerical experiment is carried out in support of the predicted theory that validates computationally the theoretical results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007     

双曲-双曲奇异摄动混合问题的一致收敛格式

本文构造了二阶双曲-双曲奇异摄动混合问题的差分格式,给出了差分解的能量不等式,并证明了差分解在离散范数下关于小参数一致收敛于摄动问题的解.     

半线性常微分方程混合边值奇摄动问题的一致差分格式*

本文应用分离奇性法研究半线性常微分方程混合边值奇摄动问题的一致差分格式,我们证明了所构造的I1'in型差分格式关于小参数ε的一阶一致收敛性.在本文的最后,我们给出一个数值例子,计算结果与理论分析相符合.     

A Finite Difference Scheme on a Priori Adapted Meshes for a Singularly Perturbed Parabolic Convection-Diffusion Equation

A boundary value problem is considered for a singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion equation;we construct a finite difference scheme on a priori (se-quentially) adapted meshes and study its convergence.The scheme on a priori adapted meshes is constructed using a majorant function for the singular component of the discrete solution,which allows us to find a priori a subdomain where the computed solution requires a further improvement.This subdomain is defined by the perturbation parameterε,the step-size of a uniform mesh in x,and also by the required accuracy of the discrete solution and the prescribed number of refinement iterations K for im- proving the solution.To solve the discrete problems aimed at the improvement of the solution,we use uniform meshes on the subdomains.The error of the numerical so- lution depends weakly on the parameterε.The scheme converges almostε-uniformly, precisely,under the condition N~(-1)=o(ε~v),where N denotes the number of nodes in the spatial mesh,and the value v=v(K) can be chosen arbitrarily small for suitable K.     

解非线性椭圆型方程奇异摄动问题的一致收敛差分格式

给出了求解非线性椭圆型偏微分方程奇异摄动问题的广义OCI差分格式．证明了这种格式的解关于摄动参数一致收敛于连续问题的解．给出了数值例子．     

带有小参数的二阶双曲型方程混合问题的差分解法

考虑带有两个小参数的二阶常系数双曲型方程的混合问题:     

The Application of Integral Equations to the Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Singular Perturbation Problems

1.AContinuousProblemWeconsiderthefOllowingsingularlyperturbedboundaryvalueprob1em:whereEisasmallpositiveparameter.WeassumethatAccordingto[2],wecanproveLemma1.Suppo8ethatcondition(2)ls8atisfied.Therecxistsaunique8olutionuEC'(I)topro5lem(1),andthefOllowingrepresentationholds:u(x)=uo(x) Vo(x) Vl(x),whereVo(x)=atexp(-ry-),Vl(x)=Mexp(-ryap),andIu8t)(x)ISM,i=O,1,',6,xEI(ThroughoutthepaperMdenotesanyconstantindePendentOfE).Theproofofthefollowinglemmaisbasedonthemonotonicityof(l),andcanb…     

Finite Element Analysis for Mass-Lumped Three-Step Taylor Galerkin Method for Time Dependent Singularly Perturbed Problems with Exponentially Fitted Splines

The motive of the current study is to derive pointwise error estimates for the three-step Taylor Galerkin finite element method for singularly perturbed problems. Pointwise error estimates have not been derived so far for the said method in the finite element framework. Singularly perturbed problems represent a class of problems containing a very sharp boundary layer in their solution. A small parameter called singular perturbation parameter is multiplied with the highest order derivative terms. When this parameter becomes smaller and smaller, a boundary layer occurs and the solution changes very abruptly in a very small portion of the domain. Because of this sudden change in the nature of the solution, it becomes very difficult for the numerical methods to capture the solution accurately specially in the boundary layer region. In the present study finite element analysis has been carried out for such one-dimensional singularly perturbed time dependent convection-diffusion equations. Exponentially fitted splines have been used for the three-step Taylor Galerkin finite element method to converge. Pointwise error estimates have been derived for the method and it is shown that the method is conditionally convergent of first order accurate in space and third order accurate in time. Numerical results have been presented for both the linear and nonlinear problems.     

双曲-抛物偏微分方程奇异摄动问题的差分解法

本文对双曲-抛物偏微分方程奇异摄动问题构造了一个指数型拟合差分格式.我们不仅在方程中加了一个拟合因子,而且在逼近第二个初始条件时也加了拟合因子.我们利用问题的渐近解证明了差分格式关于小参数的一致收敛性.     

椭圆-抛物偏微分方程奇异摄动问题的差分解法

本文讨论了含有小参数在高阶导数项的椭圆型方程奇异摄动问题的差分解法.当ε=0时椭圆型方程退化为抛物型方程.作者根据此问题解的边界层性质,构造了特殊的差分格式:研究了它的收敛性和解的渐近性态.最后给出一个数值例题.     

Convergence of the Swartztrauber-Sweet Method for Parabolic Problems on a Disk with Singularities

In this article, we study the convergence analysis for the initial and boundary value problem of parabolic equations on a disk with singular solutions. It is assumed that the exact solution performs singular properties that its derivatives go to infinity at the boundary of the disk. We propose a fully implicit time-stepping numerical scheme. A stretching polynomial-like function with a parameter is used to construct a local grid refinement. Over the nonuniform partition, we combine the Swartztrauber-Sweet scheme and the backward Euler method in spatial and temporal discretization, respectively. We carry out convergence analysis and analyze the effects of the parameter. It is shown that our numerical scheme is of first order accuracy for temporal discretization and of almost second order accuracy for spatial discretization. Numerical experiments are performed to illustrate our analysis results and show that there exists an optimal value for the parameter to obtain a best approximate solution.     

Doubly singular boundary value problems with derivative dependent source function: A fast‐converging iterative approach

In this paper, a fast‐converging recursive scheme is presented to approximate the solution of a class of derivative dependent doubly singular boundary value problems (DDSBVP). First, the original problem is reformulated as an equivalent integral equation. The resulting integral equation is then efficiently tackled by an improved homotopy analysis method (IHAM). This method contains a parameter, which greatly accelerates the convergence of the series solution. The convergence of the method is carried out. To illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed recursive approach, we consider three nonlinear examples, including one physical model problem, which describes stress distribution on a rotationally shallow membrane cap. Results show that our method excels over the existing methods.     

Numerics–characteristics–asymptotics: a case study from large scale ocean circulation

This paper uses a partial differential equation which occurs in a reduced model of large scale circulation in an ocean basin as an educational vehicle through which to demonstrate the usefulness of a set of mathematical techniques in analysing the equation. A parameter occurring in the equation does in reality vary from very small through intermediate to very large values. Therefore separate solutions are required for (a) very small, (b) very large and (c) intermediate values of the parameter. This allows for the demonstration of how when the parameter is very small the method of characteristics and the singular perturbation method are useful. When the parameter is very large the regular perturbation method is useful. At intermediate values of the parameter numerical methods must be used and in this case it is a helpful check to have available the asymptotic results for both small and large values of the parameter.     

Boundary layer analysis for the eigenvalues of hanging rod

The motion of a naturally straight inextensible flexible elastic hanging rod is formulated and then linearized about the straight solution. To solve this equation by separation of variables, an eigenvalue problem is derived. When the stiffness of the rod is small, the eigenvalue equation is a singular perturbation problem. This paper is devoted to solving this eigenvalue problem by boundary layer analysis when the stiffness is suitably small, especially on the analytic approximate solutions of the first several eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. The first three eigenvalues are also compared with the numerical results computed by a finite difference method. The excellent agreement shows the efficiency of the boundary layer analysis.