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介绍了HL-2A装置上同心圆逆磁测量的原理以及同心圆系统的设计,包括线圈面积差的确定和积分电路的设计。对实验数据的分析表明,通过对杂散场的有效补偿,同心圆逆磁测量系统可获得较高的信噪比,能够在一些较复杂的放电条件下可靠地获取等离子体逆磁信号。     

HL-1M装置等离子体的MARFE现象

在HL-1M装置上用分子束注入等离子体的气体加料方法提高了等离子体的电子密度。当线平均电子密度从 4× 10 13cm-3 上升到 7× 10 13cm-3 时 ,利用多道辐射损失测量系统测量到来自等离子体边缘的非对称辐射现象。在强场侧等离子体辐射损失功率密度大大高于弱场侧而线平均电子密度、OⅥ杂质谱线和Hα 谱线明显增加     

HL-2M 装置磁测量系统设计及初始放电实验结果

介绍了 HL-2M 装置上满足等离子体放电的磁测量系统的物理设计,主要包括磁探针、磁通环以及 电流测量系统的设计。通过 HL-2M 装置典型的放电位形参数对磁探针的极向布局、有效面积,磁通环的极向布 局以及测量等离子体电流的罗氏圈互感值进行了初步设计。目前,HL-2M 装置已经完成初始等离子体放电。各个 子系统均能达到其测量目标。      

HT-7低杂波电流驱动效率与等离子体参数相关性实验

通过开展低杂波电流驱动效率与等离子体参数相关性研究,HT 7装置上的最大电流驱动效率达到ηCD=neRpIRF/PLH≈1.4×1019A·W-1·m-2。实验结果表明,优化低杂波的功率谱、等离子体密度、纵场等参数对提高驱动效率起到了关键作用。驱动效率对波谱、密度有较强的依赖性,波谱在Npeak‖=(2.45～2.9),密度为(1.5～2.0)×1013cm-3时驱动效率较高;驱动效率随着纵场的升高而增大;同时,改善托卡马克壁状态、降低杂质水平、提高放电稳定性,对提高驱动效率有积极作用。     

托卡马克粒子输运快速分析方法

测量了HL 1M装置上正弦周期调制馈气方法诱发的密度扰动 ,采用了简单的数值方法求解粒子输运方程来计算密度扰动 ,并与密度扰动的测量结果进行了比较。得出欧姆加热时等离子体芯部的粒子扩散系数为0 2± 0 .1m2 ·s- 1 ,边缘粒子扩散系数为 1 0± 0 .2m2 ·s- 1 。     

中国环流器二号A装置(HL-2A)工程研制

中国环流器二号A装置(HL 2A)(设计指标:大半径1.65m、小半径0 4m、环向磁场2 8T、环向等离子体电流480kA)是我国已建成的第一个偏滤器托卡马克实验型磁约束聚变装置。HL 2A装置的首要研究目标是利用其独特的大体积极向偏滤器在高参数等离子体条件下开展与偏滤器位形运行有关的研究。本文总结了HL 2A装置工程设计、制造与安装、工程调试等研制的主要内容和关键技术。工程调试和初步物理实验的结果表明:HL 2A装置的主要工程参数和性能已具备开展物理实验的条件,并已成功地运行于偏滤器位形。2003年11月底,HL 2A装置获得等离子体电流168kA,等离子体存在时间920ms,等离子体线平均密度1.7×1019m-3,环向磁场1 4T,极限真空度为4.6×10-6Pa。     

偏压电极对KT-5C装置等离子体边缘的影响

通过电极偏压来控制KT 5C装置边缘区等离子体的径向电场 ,发现在正偏压作用下 ,径向电场剖面由小的负阱状变成明显的山包结构 ,从而形成一个加强的E×B剪切层。剪切层附近的等离子体参数变陡 ,不仅等离子体极向流速度大大增加 ,而且其方向也由沿电子逆磁漂移方向改变为离子的逆磁漂移方向。这些变化导致等离子体边界横向输运被抑制、整体约束得到改善     

太阳核心中7Be电子俘获几率的计算

在太阳核心的条件下 ,7Be原子被完全电离 .所以 ,重新计算的7Be和8B太阳中微子流强分别约为 4 0 0× 1 0 9cm- 2 ·s- 1和 6 1 8× 1 0 6 cm- 2 ·s- 1,而标准太阳模型预言的7Be和8B太阳中微子流强则分别是 4 80× 1 0 9cm- 2 ·s- 1和 5 1 5×1 0 6 cm- 2 ·s- 1.这将进一步增大在SuperKamiokande太阳中微子实验上中微子流强的实验测量值与理论预计值之间的差异 .     

托卡马克装置中等离子体环向旋转对三维响应场的影响

本文利用MARS-F程序,数值研究了HL-2M托卡马克装置高比压等离子体中,环向旋转对外加共振磁扰动场的响应特性的影响.研究发现,等离子体响应显著改变共振磁扰动的谱分布,并影响等离子体内部共振磁扰动场与共振磁扰动线圈电流相位差的依赖关系,从而改变有理面处径向扰动场的幅值.当边界旋转频率较小时,在最外有理面处,等离子体响应对外加共振磁扰动场有明显的放大效应.通常,边缘局域模的控制效果依赖于最外有理面处共振磁扰动场的幅度,因此可通过控制旋转剖面实现对共振磁扰动场的调控,进而优化边缘局域模的控制方案.     

HL-2M 装置磁测量传感器的定位安装

通过数值计算评估了 HL-2M 装置磁测量传感器安装精度的要求,其中磁通环坐标(R, Z)的安装偏差 要求达到±2.0mm 以内,磁探针的(R, Z)偏差要求在±1.0mm 以内、角度偏差在±0.1°以内。定位安装采用高精度激 光跟踪仪和关节测量臂结合,设备定位精度在±0.3mm。根据不同种类的磁测量传感器的定位安装特点,优化设 计了包括磁通环、磁探针阵列、逆磁同心圆等的定位结构,将 HL-2M 磁测量传感器的安装精度控制到在±0.5mm 水平。      

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.