二氧化钛/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮纳米复合薄膜的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法(so1 gel)制备了TiO2/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)有机 无机纳米复合薄膜.采用扫描电子显微镜、接触角测定仪、红外光谱仪、紫外 可见吸收光谱仪和静 动摩擦系数测定仪对所制备的TiO2/PVP纳米复合薄膜进行了结构表征和性能研究.结果表明:所制备的TiO2/PVP纳米复合薄膜表面平整光滑、无裂纹、具有一定的疏水性、良好的透明性、防紫外线性能和减摩抗磨性能.     

纳米Au-TiO2复合薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备、表征和性能

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米Au-TiO₂复合薄膜.X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、原子力显微镜、紫外-可见光谱及摩擦磨损实验研究表明,复合薄膜均匀致密,Au以纳米晶粒形式均匀、不连续分散镶嵌于TiO₂基体中,纳米Au粒径为14～25nm;复合薄膜在可见光区有较强的吸收,吸收峰位置和强度与烧结温度和金的添加量有关;复合薄膜具有良好的抗磨减摩性能,在1N负荷下,摩尔分数为5%的Au-TiO₂薄膜的摩擦系数仅为0.09～0.10,耐磨寿命多于2000滑动周次.     

介孔氧化铝的溶胶-凝胶法制备

以硝酸铝为铝源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和尿素为复合模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了介孔氧化铝（1）,其结构经TEM, XRD, TG-DTA和N₂-BET表征。结果表明：1比表面积较大（＞400 m²·g^-1）,孔径分布窄(3～5 nm),形成的蠕虫状孔道具有短程有序性。     

La-Mo系列复合氧化物超细微粒催化剂的制备

在催化研究领域，人们一直在寻找新的高效催化剂，由于超细微粒催化剂具有高比表面和表面能，活性点多，因而其催化活性和选择性大大高于传统催化剂．目前，催化工作者已在超细微粒催化剂的应用和开发方面做了许多有益的工作［’－’］；但是作为烃类选择氧化中研究较多的白钨矿（CaW。）结构的超细微粒催化剂报导甚少＊．文献报导La－Mo二元复合氧化物具有优良的甲苯选择氧化性能问．本工作采用溶胶一凝胶法，制得具有白鹤矿结构的La－Mo二元复合氧化物超细微粒，并初步探讨了制备条件对LaMo二元复合氧化物超细微粒组成、结构、粒子大…     

可纺性锆溶胶的制备与应用 Ⅰ.氧化锆连续纤维的制备

氯氧化锆;ZrO2连续纤维;溶胶-凝胶法     

高温高表面氧化铝新材料的制备化学研究

随着催化工业的发展,迫切需要在高温下既能保持较大比表面积,又具有良好的热稳定性的新型活性氧化铝。这种氧化铝作为一种载体,可直接应用于催化燃烧和汽车尾气净化等领域。目前,工业生产用的氧化铝经高温煅烧后,微孔易烧结并向稳定相态α相转变,造成其比表面积迅速下降。为了解决这一问题,近年来国外已进行了许多这方面的研究［1-5］,它们绝大多数采用以镧浸渍对氧化铝表面进行改性的表面保护方法,但我国在这方面却发展缓慢。我们曾报导过硅的添加对氧化铝表面性质的影响,本文以未加镧的氧化铝为空白实验,采用溶胶─凝胶法（体相与表面同时保护法）来制备样品,系统研究了不同含量镧的添加对氧化铝热稳定性的影响。     

可纺性锆溶胶的制备与应用 Ⅰ.氧化锆连续纤维的制备

以氯氧化锆为原料,异丙醇为溶剂,双氧水为水解促进剂,乙酰丙酮为配位剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了ZrO2前驱体连续纤维,经800℃热处理后得ZrO2连续纤维。用FT-IR、TGA、元素分析和SEM等分析技术表征了纤维的化学结构和形貌观察,研究了可纺性ZrO2溶胶的制备条件和影响因素。结果表明,当n（氯氧化锆）：n（双氧水）：1：3,反应时间6h,陈化温度15℃时可得纺丝性能良好的锆溶胶,ZrO2前驱体连续纤维的成分是部分经乙酰丙酮配位的ZrO2水合物,热处理后ZrO2纤维的平均直径为15μm左右,纤维体中存在大量纳米级气孔,但没有发现明显裂纹。     

低温溶胶-凝胶法制备高致密度碳化硅陶瓷工艺研究

以柠檬酸为螯合剂,用溶胶-凝胶法制备碳化硅陶瓷烧结前驱粉体,在烧结助剂含量6%、铝钇摩尔比5/3、1850℃低烧结温度烧结1h条件下,获得了体密度为3.219g/cm3、相对密度为98.3%的高致密烧结体,采用IR、XRD、TG/DTA、SEM/EDS等手段对前驱粉体及烧结体进行了表征,讨论了烧结助剂含量、烧结温度等对碳化硅陶瓷烧结体的收缩率、体密度、失重率等特性的影响。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化铝光学薄膜

氧化铝薄膜性能优异,具有较高的介电常数、高热导率、抗辐照能力强、抗碱离子渗透能力强以及在很宽的波长范围内透明等性能。因此,氧化铝薄膜广泛地应用于微电子器件、电致发光器件、光波导器件以及抗腐蚀涂层等众多领域[1]。特别是氧化铝光学薄膜具有高的抗激光损伤阈值[2],用     

溶胶-凝胶法制备功能陶瓷超微粉末

陶瓷超微粉末的研究是目前高技术领域中的一项重要课题。溶胶-凝胶法是近几年来才开发的一种制备陶瓷超微粉末的新技术。应用该方法所合成的粉末纯度高、化学成份均匀、颗粒度小且分布范围窄,易烧结成致密的陶瓷体,尤其对于多元陶瓷粉末的制备这些优点更为突出。因而对该方法的研究及应用已引起人们的普遍重视。PbTiO_3、BaTiO_3和Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3作为陶瓷压电材料广泛应用于电子信息技术和光电技术领域;有关它们的研究报道甚多。     

Na~+浓度对反应体系成胶特性及SiO_2凝胶粉末性能的影响

以水玻璃为原料，乙酸乙酯为潜伏酸试剂，采用溶胶—凝胶法制备超细二氧化硅凝胶粉末。研究了成胶反应过程中Ｎａ＋ 浓度对反应体系成胶特性及最终所得二氧化硅凝胶粉末性能的影响，并用透射电镜和氮气物理吸附实验手段对粉末的有关性能进行了测试表征     

Interfacially polymerized thin film composite membranes on microporous polypropylene supports for solvent-resistant nanofiltration

Interfacial polymerization (IP) is a powerful technique for fabrication of thin film composite (TFC) membranes. The polymers used most often as support are polysulfone (PS) or polyethersulfone (PES). These supports have limited stability in organic solvents. In this work, microporous polypropylene (PP) flat film and hollow fiber membranes were used as a support to fabricate TFC membranes for nanofiltration by the IP technique. Porous polypropylene membranes can provide substantial chemical, pH, and solvent resistance and are therefore suitable as supports for fabricating TFC membranes functioning as solvent-stable nanofiltration membranes. The surface and the pore interior of polypropylene flat sheet and hollow fiber membranes were hydrophilized first by pre-wetting with acetone followed by oxidation with chromic acid solution. A standard procedure to successfully coat the hydrophilized flat film and hollow fiber membranes was developed next. The monomeric system chosen for IP was poly(ethyleneimine) and isophthaloyl dichloride. The TFC hollow fiber membranes were characterized by nanofiltration of safranin O (MW 351) and brilliant blue R (MW 826) dyes in methanol. Rejection values of 88% and 43% were achieved for brilliant blue R and safranin O, respectively at a transmembrane pressure of 413 kPa in the TFC hollow fiber membranes. Pressure dependences of the solvent flux and solute rejection of the TFC membranes were studied using the modified flat sheet membranes up to a pressure of 965–1241 kPa. Solvent flux increased linearly with an increase in the transmembrane pressure. Solute rejection also increased with an increase in the transmembrane pressure. All modified membranes were also characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Extended-term solvent stability of the fabricated membranes was studied in toluene; the membranes demonstrated substantial solvent stability in toluene.     

HEC/SiO2凝胶复合物包埋固定化葡萄糖氧化酶的研究

溶胶-凝胶技术;HEC/SiO2凝胶复合物包埋固定化葡萄糖氧化酶的研究     

Study of the role of ceramic filler in composite gel electrolytes based on microporous polymer membranes

The presented contribution aims at reconsidering the role of filler in affecting the ionic transport in composite gel electrolytes for Li-ion cells based on microporous polymer membranes. The gels have been prepared by swelling thin PVdF/HFP membranes either with conventional liquid electrolyte or with pure propylene carbonate solvent. The membranes contained dispersed submicron-size modified silica filler added in a wide range of weight ratios. The effect of filler content on the kinetics of liquid phase absorption and evaporation from the composite membranes, as well as on the conductivity of the corresponding gel electrolytes, has been studied and discussed in terms of the “colloidal” and “soggy sand” electrolyte concepts. It has been found that conductivity increase of composite gels is not directly correlated with the liquid electrolyte uptake. On this basis it is concluded that important part of ionic transport in this type of composite gel polymer electrolytes is realized on the filler grain boundaries, through overlapping space charge layers of the silica grains.     

不锈钢基底上TiO2薄膜型光催化剂的制备和化学结构

采用钛酸正丁酯作为前驱体,通过溶胶-凝胶法在不锈钢基片上制备了TiO2纳米薄膜。利用俄歇电子能谱(AES)和紫外反射光谱等研究手段,对TIO2薄膜的化学结构及基底材料界面相互作用进行了系统研究。结果发现,在不锈钢基底上形成的TiO2薄膜与基底材料发生了明显的界面扩散反应。在TiO2薄膜的形成过程中,不锈钢中Fe元素向TiO2薄膜层扩散,并与从大气氛中扩散到界面的氧发生化学反应,形成铁氧化物界面过渡层。界面氧化过程,导致了Fe向样品表面的偏析和扩散。在高温热处理过程中,Fe可以扩散到TiO2薄膜的表面。薄膜催化剂的紫外反射光谱表明,界面扩散反应导致了Fe扩散进入TiO2薄膜的晶格,从而改变了薄膜催化剂的光吸收性能。     

Electric field-enhanced assembly of polyelectrolyte composite membranes

In this paper, a novel method was developed to enhance the assembly of polyelectrolyte composite membranes by inducing an electric field during electrostatic adsorption process. The hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was placed in between a capacitor setup. The polyethyleneimine (PEI) was compulsorily assembled on the PAN support under the action of external electric force. Subsequently, the polyelectrolyte composite membranes were evaluated by pervaporation separation of water and alcohol mixture. The membrane obtained with only one PEI layer had a separation factor of 304 and a permeate flux of 512 g/m² h (75 °C) for pervaporation of 95 wt% ethanol–water mixture. An atomic force microscopy was also used to observe the microtopographical changes. The regularity of the membranes assembled by the new method was also improved in comparison with the membrane assembled by a dynamic layer-by-layer adsorption.     

Optimization of asymmetric permeation in heterogeneous composite membranes

Asymmetric permeation in two-phase composite membranes with heterogeneous structures represented by a one-dimensional distribution of composition is treated theoretically on the basis of an irreversible thermodynamic transport equation. It is assumed that the permeability of one of the component phases is a monotone function of the activity of permeant while that of the other phase is constant, and that the permeability of the composite membrane is given by the volume average of the resistance coefficient, which is the inverse of permeability. Under these assumptions, it is shown that the optimal membrane which maximizes the degree of asymmetric permeation reduces to a binary laminate membrane. The condition for constructing the optimal laminate membrane is obtained explicitly. Conversely a condition on a desirable membrane component which realizes an arbitrary degree of asymmetric permeation is presented. These results can be applied to the optimal design of a membrane valve which is a chemical analog of a diode. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Study on composite membranes with high selective permeance properties

Flavonoids are natural products having several biological and physiological properties depending upon their molecular configurations. Flavonoids with similar configuration cannot be separated by traditional separation method and membrane separation technology whose selectivity is lower. This work investigates composite membranes with structural and functional molecular recognition properties prepared according to molecular imprinted technology. Functional silica sol was synthesized by taking luteolin as the template (or imprinting) molecule, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APTS) as the functional monomer, and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the cross-linker. The resultant functional silica sol was coated on Al₂O₃ microporous substrate followed by the removal of the template molecule. Scanning electron microscope micrographs showed a 5 μm thickness composite membrane with uniformly distributed porosity. Steady state flux was reached at ∼70 min at 215 L m⁻² h⁻¹ for the composite membrane, while a lower value of 168 L m⁻² h⁻¹ was measured for the blank membrane (i.e. non-templated). Further, in an aqueous mixture containing similar template molecules, the selectivity factor of luteolin to rutin was 14.1, thus suggesting that the imprinting process allowed for preferential permeance and affinity selectivity to the template molecule (i.e. luteolin). These results strongly suggest the formation of cavities, which are joined by channels to deliver the percolative effect for the permeation of luteolin. In addition to structural formation, further site recognition properties were accomplished by the functional silica sol in the composite matrix by electrovalent bonds. Considering the percolative effect in tandem with electrovalent bonds and under the influence of a concentration gradient (i.e. driving force), a mechanism of molecular recognition was proposed based on the molecular bond, followed by bond cutting and jumping to another site to form another molecular bond. The preparation method of the composite membrane was applied to other template molecules, and the template molecules can selectively permeate the membrane. So the method was universal for other substance. So it made it possible for the separation of the natural products exactly and efficiently. At the same time, it had great potential for the resolution of the chiral drugs and the preparation of the new membrane reactor.     

Highly hydrophobic microporous low‐density polyethylene hollow fiber membranes by melt‐extrusion coupled with salt‐leaching technique

Microporous and highly hydrophobic low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) hollow fiber membranes were successfully prepared via a solvent‐free method, combining melt‐extrusion, and salt‐leaching techniques. NaCl particles with particle size of 5–10 µm were mixed with LDPE pellets to produce a blend of 35, 40, 50, 60, 65 and 68 wt% of salt. A microporous structure was produced by leaching the salt particles from the hollow fiber matrix via immersion in water at 60°C. The fabricated membranes were then characterized in terms of morphology, porosity and pore size distribution, surface roughness, and hydrophobicity, as well as mechanical properties. The remarkable increase in the water contact angles from 98° for LDPE hollow fibers fabricated without the addition of salt (blank sample) to 130° for membranes fabricated with initial salt content of 68 wt% is mainly attributed to the rough surface structure, comprising a large number of micropapillas produced by removing the imbedded salt crystals. The increase in surface roughness and porosity of hollow fiber membranes with increasing initial salt content was confirmed by scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

制备方法对复合氧化物Bi_2WO_6-ZrO_2-TiO_2光催化性能的影响

采用一积沉淀法和两积沉淀法分别制备了Bi2WO6-ZrO2-TiO2复合催化剂。利用X射线衍射(XRD),N2吸附(BET),傅里叶变换(FT-IR)光谱技术,X光电子能谱(XPS),紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱等分析技术对样品进行了表征。结果显示,两积沉淀法的Bi、W离子存在于催化剂表面,而一积沉淀法是进入催化剂晶格。利用气相苯进行催化剂的紫外和可见光活性实验,结果表明,两积沉淀法制备的复合催化剂活性最高。