气相色谱–质谱联用法测定空气中的丙烯腈

建立测定空气中丙烯腈的气相色谱–质谱联用方法。用活性炭管采集样品,以体积分数为2%的丙酮二硫化碳溶液解吸,利用气相色谱–质谱法以选择离子扫描方式采集数据并进行分析,以色谱峰面积外标法定量。丙烯腈的质量浓度在0~100μg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,线性相关系数(r~2)为0.999 0。丙烯腈检出限为1.2μg/m L,最低检出质量浓度为0.16 mg/m~3(以采样体积7.5 L计),平均加标回收率为97.0%~99.3%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.0%~4.2%(n=6)。该方法定性、定量准确,精密度、灵敏度高,可用于空气中丙烯腈的常规检测。     

气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中的毒死蜱

建立气相色谱测定工作场所空气中毒死蜱的方法。采用硅胶管采集空气样品,丙酮溶剂解吸,用气相色谱工作曲线法测定毒死蜱的含量。在采样体积为4.5 L,解吸体积为1.0 m L的条件下,空气中毒死蜱的含量在0.022~2.2μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 5,检出限为0.002μg/L。加标回收率为99.4%~97.3%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.6%~6.0%(n=6)。该方法适合测定工作场所空气中的毒死蜱。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定工作场所空气中碘甲烷

建立了测定工作场所空气中碘甲烷的气相色谱–质谱方法。空气中的碘甲烷用多孔玻板吸收管采集,经DB–1型(50 m×0.32 mm,0.52μm)毛细管柱分离后,用气相色谱–质谱方法进行定性、定量。碘甲烷溶液的质量浓度在0.0085-15.2μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996,检出限为0.0025μg/mL,定量限为0.0085μg/mL,最低检出限浓度为0.0033 mg/m^(3)。方法的批内精密度为1.5%-3.2%(n=6),批间精密度为2.4%-7.1%(n=6),样品加标回收率为99.6%-102.9%。该方法同时进行定性、定量,适用于工作场所空气中碘甲烷的测定。     

毛细管气相色谱法同时检测工作场所空气中三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯

建立大气中三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯的溶剂解吸毛细管气相色谱测定方法。大气样品用活性炭管采集后以二硫化碳解吸,再用毛细管气相色谱法进行测定。在采样体积为1.5 L,解吸体积为1.0 m L的条件下,空气中三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯的线性范围分别为0~212μg/m L,0~204μg/m L,线性相关系数均大于0.999 9,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于2.5%(n=6),最低检出限分别为0.90,1.15μg/m L,最低检出浓度分别为0.6,0.8 mg/m3,解吸效率为96.1%~98.1%。该法操作简便,分离效果好,检测时间短,适于空气中三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯的检测。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定作业场所空气中的1,3-丁二烯

依据GBZ/T 160.39–2007方法测定作业场所空气中的1,3-丁二烯时,采用毛细管色谱柱分离样品,对HP–1,HP–FFAP,DB–1701 3种极性不同的毛细色谱柱进行了对比,确定采用HP–1柱。1,3-丁二烯的质量浓度在45~450μg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999,检出限为0.05μg/m L。解吸效率为87.9%~91.3%,方法精密度在1.5%~2.4%(n=6)之间。毛细管气相色谱法分离效果好,灵敏度高,方法检出限、精密度和解吸效率满足GBZ/T 160.39–2007的要求。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中3种多环芳烃

采用毛细管气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中3种多环芳烃(萘、萘烷和四氢化萘)的含量。样品采用活性炭管采集,二硫化碳解吸20min,用DB-FFAP毛细管气相色谱柱分离,火焰离子检测器检测。3种多环芳烃在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.05~0.5 mg·L-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在89.3%~97.5%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.2%~5.4%之间。     

衍生顶空气相色谱法测定饮用水源水中的三氯乙醛

采用衍生顶空气相色谱法测定饮用水源水中的三氯乙醛。通过加碱将三氯乙醛转化成氯仿,采用微电子捕获检测器(μECD)进行检测,优化了顶空色谱条件。三氯甲醛的浓度在1.0～20.0μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9994。对2.0μg/L标准溶液重复测定6次,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.1%,方法的检出限为0.10μg/L。实际水样平均加标回收率为97%。该方法满足GB3838-2002的要求。     

大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法直接测定工作场所空气中丙烯酰胺

以水为吸收液采集工作场所空气样品中的丙烯酰胺,采用大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法直接测定吸收液中丙烯酰胺的含量,采用HP-INNOWAX色谱柱(30m×0.53mm,1.00μm)分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。丙烯酰胺的质量浓度在0.050～3.00mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.014mg·L~(-1)。对丙烯酰胺标准溶液进行测定,测定值的日内相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.0%～2.1%,日间相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.3%～2.2%。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为93.0%～102%。     

热脱附/冷阱捕集–气相色谱法同时测定空气中多种挥发性有机物

使用Tanax-TA管富集样品,建立热脱附/冷阱捕集–气相色谱法同时测定工作场所空气中苯系物、丙酮、丁酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯等12种常见挥发性有机物分析方法。该法线性范围为5~100μg/m L,相关系数不小于0.999 0。12种挥发性有机物的检出限为3.0×10~(–4)~1.7×10~(–3) mg/m~3(以采样体积为1 L计),加标回收率为80.9%~106.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.08%~4.09%(n=10)。该法样品处理简单,可应用于工作场所空气中挥发性有机物的快速测定。     

顶空气相色谱法测定蔬菜水果中代森锰锌

建立了测定蔬菜和水果中代森锰锌残留量的顶空气相色谱法。代森锰锌在密闭容器中于70℃保温30min,被氯化亚锡-2.0 mol/L硫酸溶液酸解生成二硫化碳,二硫化碳气体经顶空自动进样器后用气相色谱(电子捕获检测器)检测。代森锰锌溶液的质量浓度在0.000~1.500μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9991,在蔬菜和水果不同基质中的回收率为98%~104%,相对标准偏差为1.52%~1.97%,检出限为0.05 mg/kg,定量限为0.10 mg/kg。该方法简单、快速、准确,适用于蔬菜和水果中代森锰锌残留检测分析。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.