拉压双模量问题的动力分析

给出拉压双模量单自由度振支解析解，应用逐步积法，求解拉压双模量多自由度振动问题，计算分析显示此类材料的一些振动特性和特殊现象。     

双模量泡沫铝芯夹层梁的自由振动分析

对模量泡沫铝芯夹层梁的固有振动问题进行了研究。利用双模量的材料应力-应变方程,推导出了双模量材料剪切弹性模量计算公式,证明了双模量梁中性轴位置不受作用在梁上的横向载荷的影响。在考虑剪切变形的基础上,建立了双模量泡沫铝芯夹层梁的强迫振动控制方程,推导出了双模量泡沫铝芯夹层梁固有振动问题的振型函数及固有频率计算公式,并分析了剪切变形及泡沫铝芯夹层的拉压弹性模量对双模量泡沫铝芯夹层梁固有振动频率的影响。研究表明:泡沫铝芯夹层梁固有振动时,其固有振动波形是不连续的,奇数波型与偶数波型之间存在间断点;剪切变形及泡沫铝芯夹层的拉压弹性模量对双模量泡沫铝芯夹层梁固有振动的影响是不能忽略的。     

均匀内压作用下双模量简支扁壳的非线性弯曲

双模量扁壳在均匀内压作用下,会形成拉压弹性模量不同的各向同性拉伸区和压缩区,把双模量扁壳看成两种材料组成的层合扁壳,采用板壳理论求得了双模量扁壳在均匀内压作用下中性面位置;推导出了双模量扁壳挠度与均匀内压的关系式,并把该方法的计算结果与有限元方法计算结果进行了比较,验证了该计算方法的可靠性。算例分析表明,当拉压弹性模量相差较大时,将双模量材料当作单模量材料计算,其误差绝对值最小值为24.4%,误差绝对值最大值为35.38%。因此,均匀内压作用下双模量简支扁壳的大挠度弯曲计算必须考虑双模量材料拉压弹性模量不同的特性。     

双模量隔冲减振器在半正弦波冲击环境下响应的数值分析

将环境对双模量隔冲减振器的冲击分为两个阶段,在半正弦波冲击作用阶段采用双自由度模型进行响应计算,并以终了时刻的位移和速度作为自由振动阶段的初始条件,对自由振动阶段的单自由度模型进行响应计算。分析了某双模量隔冲减振系统在受半正弦波环境冲击下的响应特性,并与线性系统在受该冲击下的性质进行了比较。分析结果表明较易实现的双模量隔冲减振器具有较好的效果。     

双模量面板泡沫铝芯圆形层合板的非线性弯曲

双模量材料是典型的拉压弹性模量不同的材料,在均匀外载荷作用下,双模量面板泡沫铝芯圆形层合板相当于三种不同材料组成的层合板。采用弹性理论建立了双模量面板泡沫铝芯圆形层合板在均布载荷作用下的静力平衡方程,利用该静力平衡方程确定了层合板的中性面位置。在此基础上建立了双模量面板泡沫铝芯圆形层合板的大挠度弯曲微分方程组,求得了层合板中心挠度与均布载荷的关系式。该方法计算结果与有限元计算结果的最大误差仅为3.8%,这说明该方法是可靠的。算例分析表明不考虑面板拉压弹性模量相异时其计算结果与实际情况相差较大,超过了工程上所允许的计算误差5%。所以,在计算双模量面板泡沫铝芯圆形层合板的非线性弯曲时,不宜采用相同弹性模量弹性理论,而应该采用拉压弹性模量不同的弹性理论。     

剪力对楔形变截面双模量梁弯曲应力的影响

推导出了楔形矩形变截面双模量梁的截面高度表达式,利用静力平衡方程确定了楔形矩形变截面双模量梁弯曲时的中性层位置,得到了楔形矩形变截面双模量梁的弯曲剪应力计算公式.在考虑剪切变形影响的基础上,利用楔形矩形变截面双模量梁的弯曲剪应力计算公式,推导出了楔形矩形变截面双模量梁弯曲正应力计算公式.通过算例分析,讨论分析了楔形矩形变截面双模量梁的楔度比、剪力、长高比等对矩形截面双模量梁弯曲正应力的影响.研究结果表明:随着楔度比的增大,楔形矩形变截面梁弯曲拉、压正应力绝对值逐渐减小.当矩形截面双模量梁的长高比小于一定比值,剪力会对楔形矩形变截面双模量梁弯曲正应力产生较大的影响.得到了拉压弹性模量相差较大的情况,采用经典材料力学理论进行楔形矩形变截面双模量梁的弯曲应力计算分析是不合适的,应该采用双模量材料力学理论对梁弯曲应力进行分析计算的结论.     

用能量法计算双模量深梁的弯曲挠度

为了得到双模量深梁弯曲变形挠度的实用计算方法,在考虑剪切变形的基础上,采用能量法研究了双模量深梁在外载荷作用下的弯曲变形挠度计算问题,并推导出了双模量深梁弯曲挠度的计算公式.把能量法的挠度计算结果与弹性理论方法的挠度计算结果进行比较,可知用能量法研究双模量深梁的弯曲变形不但计算过程简便,而且计算精度也很高.研究结果表明,双模量深梁的剪切形状因子与双模量材料的拉压弹性模量有关,而各向同性材料深梁的剪切形状因子却与它的弹性模量无关,所以双模量深梁的剪切形状因子与各向同性材料深梁的剪切形状因子有着本质上的区别.     

CALCULATION OF DYNAMIC LOAD IMPACT OF BIMODULOUS BEAM WITH CONSIDERATION OF SHEAR EFFECT AND DAMPING

在考虑剪切效应及阻尼的基础上,采用线性振动理论研究了双模量梁动载荷问题的冲击计算. 建立了双模量梁动载荷问题的振动微分方程,推导出了双模量梁动载荷问题的动位移、动载荷系数、冲击时间的表达式,并讨论分析了剪切效应及阻尼对双模量梁动载荷冲击问题的影响. 算例分析表明,对于某些双模量梁动载荷冲击问题,剪切效应及阻尼的影响是不能忽略的.     

用高阶剪切变形理论研究双模量梁的弯曲

利用高阶剪切变形理论研究了双模量梁的弯曲变形问题,推导出了双模量梁的挠曲线方程及弯曲正应力公式．讨论分析了翘曲函数的指数n对挠度、正应力的影响．研究结果表明：拉压弹性模量的差异对梁的弯曲应力有较大影响．把高阶剪切变形理论的计算结果与弹性理论计算结果进行比较,可知该方法计算精度非常高．     

超高层建筑多种风洞试验方式对比研究

为了研究超高层建筑不同风洞试验方式结果的差异及原因,对某347m超高层建筑进行了刚性测压模型、强迫振动模型和多自由度气弹模型风洞试验,并将三种试验结果进行分析。对比了刚性测压模型与气弹模型的风致位移响应,分析气动阻尼比对位移响应的影响;同时对比了强迫振动模型与多自由度气弹模型在湍流场及均匀流场中气弹参数的差异。结果表明:刚性测压模型风洞试验在气弹效应不显著的情况下较为可靠而方便;当气弹效应较显著时,多自由度气弹模型的风洞试验结果更为真实;在均匀流场中,结构发生共振时,强迫振动模型的风洞试验结果有一定的参考价值,但在湍流场中,特别是不发生共振时,试验结果与实际情况存在较大差异。高层建筑强迫振动模型振动形式的不精确性会导致试验结果的失真,将强迫振动模型应用到实际高层建筑抗风时,其振动形式还有待改进。     

两种弹塑性算法的比较

分析了弹塑性一致切线模量算法与径向返回算法，发现一致切线模量算法并不如有关文献报道的那样，比径向返回算法有快得多的收敛速度，两个算例表明了这一点。这使对一致切线模量算法有比较全面的看法。     

拉压不同弹性模量结构的动力特性分析

研究了拉压不同弹性模量结构动力问题的计算方法,建立了不同模量板壳结构动力特性的有限元算法,编制了相应的计算程序,并通过例题计算及分析得出了有价值的结论。     

Step planar extension of polymer melts using a lubricated channel

A technique to do step planar extension on polymer melts has been developed using a rectangular channel with lubricated walls and the linear motor of the Rheometrics System Four rheometer. Using this method we probe the stress relaxation of two polymer melts, a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and a highly branched low density polyethylene (IUPAC X), and compare the step planar extensional data to step shear data. Since a step planar deformation is theoretically equivalent to a step shear in a rotating frame of reference, we expect that the nonlinear modulus for step planar extension should be equivalent to that for step shear. Although we find the time dependence of the stress relaxation modulus to be the same in both shear and planar extension, the strain dependence is surprisingly different for the two experiments.     

基于敏度分析的拉压不同模量桁架问题的数值分析

利用光滑函数技术,提出光滑化的拉压不同弹性模量问题的应力应变关系,与有限元方法相结合,建立了拉压不同模量一维连续体与桁架结构的数值求解模型,推导了敏度计算公式,采用Newton-Raphson算法进行求解.数值结果表明,本文算法具有较高的计算精度和收敛速度.     

The torsion of a non-homogeneous stratum with a hyperbolic variation of shear modulus

An exact formulation of the governing dual integral equations for the torsion of a non-homogeneous stratum due to a rigid circular body at its free surface is presented. The stratum varies in shear modulus according to the hyperbolic variation in a contemporary work [1]. It is shown that the unknown static stress distribution under the rigid body is governed by modified Bessel function of the first kind. By comparing the governing functions in the dual integral equations for five cases of elastic media: homogeneous half-space, and stratum, linearly non-homogeneous half-space and stratum and, finally, the present non-homogeneous stratum with hyperbolic variation, it is established that the surface shear modulus is the dominant parameter in the assessment of the stress and displacement fields in a non-homogeneous stratum where lateral variation of elastic properties is negligible.     

两级敏度分析求解双弹性模量桁架结构反问题

利用光滑函数和有限元技术,建立了求解双弹性模量桁架结构正问题的数值模型,可方便推导刚度对位移、位移对弹性模量的敏度计算公式。在此基础上,提出了基于两级敏度分析求解双弹性模量桁架结构反问题的数值模型,正问题与反问题分别采用Newton-Raphson与Gauss-Newton算法进行求解,数值验证给出了令人满意的结果,并考虑了数据噪音的影响。     

岩石三轴蠕变试验黏弹性解析及参数识别

基于岩石三轴蠕变试验,推导了相应的黏弹性解析解,并对三参量H-K流变模型给出 了黏弹性解析解的显式以及流变参数的识别方法. 在此基础上,针对花岗岩及片岩两种岩石 的室内蠕变分级加载试验曲线进行了流变参数的识别与反演. 分析表明,同一岩样在不同加 载级别下的弹性及黏弹性参数在量值上均有所不同,其中黏弹性模量和黏滞系数的量值随 载荷的增加出现损伤衰减,基于试验反演所获参数的解析蠕变曲线与试验蠕变曲线吻合较好.     

Torsion of an elastic solid cylinder with a radial variation in the shear modulus

A Green's function approach is used to formulate and obtain the stress field, under torsional loads in a radially finite solid cylinder with radially variable elastic modulus. With this approach a certain dual static-geometric analogy in the solution is readily proved and applied to generate the solution with stress boundary conditions from that with displacement boundary conditions and vice-versa.The problem is solved using both boundary conditions and for an exponentially varying shear modulus. In particular, under displacement boundary conditions, the stress field in the solid with a generalised Reissner-Sagoci boundary condition is easily deduced. With stress boundary conditions, the criteria for crack propagation in such elastic models are also obtained using the Griffith-Irwin condition of rupture.     

METHOD BASED ON DUAL-QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING FOR FRAME STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION WITH LARGE SCALE

The optimality criteria (OC) method and mathematical programming (MP) were combined to found the sectional optimization model of frame structures. Different methods were adopted to deal with the different constraints. The stress constraints as local constraints were approached by zero-order approximation and transformed into movable sectional lower limits with the full stress criterion. The displacement constraints as global constraints were transformed into explicit expressions with the unit virtual load method. Thus an approximate explicit model for the sectional optimization of frame structures was built with stress and displacement constraints. To improve the resolution efficiency, the dual-quadratic programming was adopted to transform the original optimization model into a dual problem according to the dual theory and solved iteratively in its dual space. A method called approximate scaling step was adopted to reduce computations and smooth the iterative process. Negative constraints were deleted to reduce the size of the optimization model. With MSC/Nastran software as structural solver and MSC/Patran software as developing platform, the sectional optimization software of frame structures was accomplished, considering stress and displacement constraints. The examples show that the efficiency and accuracy are improved.     

Estimates of thermoelastic characteristics of composites reinforced by short anisotropic fibers

We construct a mathematical model describing thermomechanical interaction between composite structure elements (isotropic particles of the matrix and anisotropic short fibers) and the macroscopically isotropic elastic medium with desired thermoelastic characteristics. At the first stage of this model, the self-consistency method is used to obtain relations determining the elasticity moduli of the composite, and at the second stage, the model permits determining its linear thermal expansion coefficient. The dual variational statement of the linear thermoelasticity problem in an inhomogeneous solid permits obtaining two-sided estimates for the bulk elasticity modulus, shear modulus, and linear thermal expansion coefficient of the composite under study. The calculated dependencies presented in the paper permit predicting the thermoelastic characteristics of a composite reinforced by anisotropic short fibers (including those in the form of nanostructure elements).