应用量子化学反应性指数研究频哪醇重排反应

1,2-二醇类化合物的频哪醇重排反应是经典的化学重排反应。无环的或环状的1,2-二醇类化合物在质子酸或路易斯酸的作用下会重排发生取代基的1,2-迁移,其产物往往伴随不同基团的迁移而生。但是,主产物取决于二羟基相连接的碳原子上取代基的空间架构和性质。本文采用净亲电指数(Multiphilic index)和Wiberg键级等量子化学反应性指数来定量描述1,2-二醇类化合物的频哪醇重排反应机理,并依此作为预测频哪醇反应主产物的依据。     

典型频哪醇重排反应的机理及基团迁移规律的研究——一个研究型计算化学实验

频哪醇重排是本科有机化学课程的重要内容,但学生对重排机理、区域选择性和基团迁移规律不能很好地理解掌握。为了加强学生对频哪醇重排反应的理解,我们设计了一个利用计算化学方法解决有机化学问题的实验。通过直观的图像和具体的数据清楚地展现出：能形成稳定碳正离子中间体的底物主要以分步重排机理进行,而不能形成稳定中间体的底物则按协同重排机理进行。计算结果验证了反应的区域选择性取决于邻二醇质子化羟基的位置以及基团的迁移能力,明确了基团迁移能力的顺序为氢>芳基>烷基,并从微观角度对其进行了合理解释。     

TiCl4-Mg介导的立体选择性的频哪醇偶联反应研究

以ＴｉＣｌ４－Ｍｇ和ＴｉＣｌ４－Ｍｇ－ＴＭＥＤＡ为偶联剂实现对芳香醛高非对映选择性的还原偶联反应。以３种类型的手性试剂对ＴｉＣｌ４－Ｍｇ系统进行修饰,对苯甲醛的反应最高可得到５０％对映体过量的偶联产物。     

亲电试剂诱导的半频呐醇重排反应

研究了1-炔基-2,3-环氧基醇在亲电试剂(Ⅰ )作用下的反应,反应经历了环化/重排过程,产物经鉴定为2,3-二氢-5-碘吡喃4-酮类化合物.在此反应中,水的加入是促使反应快速单一进行的重要因素.     

水相中锌促进的羰基化合物频哪醇偶联反应实验设计

介绍水相中锌促进的羰基化合物频哪醇偶联反应的实验设计。通过苯甲醛频哪醇偶联反应得到相应的1,2-二苯基．1,2-乙二醇,学习水相有机反应和微量反应的基本操作,加强基础研究、绿色化学与有机化学实验之间的紧密联系。     

新的烯丙型环氧醇重排还原反应研究

自１９８０年Ｓｈａｒｐｌｅｓｓ［１］报道烯丙醇制备立体选择性烯丙型环氧醇化合物以来,有关烯丙型环氧醇的反应及其在有机合成中的应用研究日益受到重视,其中路易斯酸催化的反应尤为重要［２］．但由路易斯酸催化的反应极少涉及碳骨架的重排或基团的迁移．我们最近在...     

Achmatowicz重排反应的研究进展

Achmatowicz重排反应是一类重要的有机人名反应和特殊的氧化重排反应,在有机合成及药物化学等领域有着广泛的应用。Achmatowicz重排反应的产物是重要的化工中间体,也被广泛用于复杂天然产物的全合成中。本文综述了Achmatowicz重排反应的机理,以及含溴氧化剂氧化、过氧化物氧化、高价金属氧化剂参与、光促进和酶催化的Achmatowicz重排反应的研究进展,并展望了该领域的未来发展方向和新机遇。     

自由基介导的α,α-二芳基烯丙醇1,2-芳基迁移反应研究进展

作为一种广泛使用的结构单元,烯丙醇无需预官能化即可直接参与合成反应.近年来,烯丙醇的迁移反应得到了极大的关注,这类反应往往通过半频哪醇或neophyl重排等方式实现,为各种重要羰基化合物的合成提供了一种强有力的策略.系统综述了二芳基烯丙醇作为合成子时,涉及自由基引发基团迁移反应的最新进展,讨论了反应范围、局限性以及部分机理,并对该领域存在的挑战以及未来发展趋势进行展望.     

微波辐射FeCl3催化无溶剂条件下的呐醇重排

通过微波辐射, 以FeCl3为催化剂进行无溶剂条件下的呐醇重排反应, 1 min产率可达86%～96%. 该方法具有操作简便、反应时间缩短、对环境友好等优点.     

微波辐射FeCl3催化无溶剂条件下的[口片]呐醇重排

通过微波辐射,以FeCl3为催化剂进行无溶剂条件下的口片呐醇重排反应,1min产率可达86%～96%.该方法具有操作简便、反应时间缩短、对环境友好等优点.     

A One‐Pot Cross‐Pinacol Coupling/Rearrangement Procedure

A new catalytic retro‐pinacol/cross‐pinacol reaction, followed by subsequent rearrangement or deoxygenation of the intermediately formed vicinal diols, is described. This operationally simple one‐pot protocol allows isolation of geminal α,α‐diphenyl ketones or 1,1‐diphenyl alkenes with high yields and selectivities.     

介孔有机无机杂化材料的合成和表征及在Pinacol重排反应中的研究

以巯丙基-三乙氧基硅烷为有机硅源,采用接枝法合成了磺酸基功能化有机无机杂化材料(MCM-SO3H).XRD、FT-IR、BET的研究表明,磺酸基功能化介孔有机无机杂化材料具有非常高的比表面积和规整的六方孔道结构.酸性测定表明,MCM-SO3H含酸量为0.40mmolH /g.MCM-SO3H对pinacol重排反应具有很高的催化活性,在反应温度为383K时,pinacol的转化率接近100%,pinacolone的选择性达到90%左右.反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量和溶剂对pinacol重排反应有很大的影响提高反应温度、延长反应时间和增加催化剂的用量,均可提高pinacol的转化率和pinacolone的选择性.中等极性溶剂有利于pinacol重排反应.     

离子液体在氟化反应中的应用进展

离子液体作为一类新型绿色溶剂,具有制备简单、稳定性好、溶解能力强、挥发性小、安全性强等优点,因此在有机单元反应包括酯化、氧化、还原、重排反应等中的应用相当广泛,有着十分诱人的应用前景.虽然其在氟化反应中的应用研究开始得较晚,但发展很快,目前在重氮化氟化、亲核氟化、亲电氟化以及电化学氟化等方面都取得了较大的进展.本文综述了近年来离子液体在氟化反应中应用的最新进展情况,并对其未来发展方向和应用前景进行了展望.     

分子CH_3NH=B:的结构及重排反应的理论研究

采用量子化学中的从头计算方法, 在MP2/6-31G(d,p)水平上研究了不饱和硼烯CH3NH=B:的结构及重排反应机理。结果表明, CH3NH=B:的单线态结构比三线态结构稳定, 该分子的基态是单线态。分子CH3NH=B:可以发生3种不同的重排反应。本文找到了这3种重排反应的过渡态, 并详细计算了不饱和硼烯CH3NH=B:重排反应的动力学函数, 据此讨论了不饱和硼烯CH3NH=B:的稳定性问题。     

A One Pot Synthesis of 5-Phenyl-1,3-Dioxane-4,6-Dione Derivatives

A general procedure for synthesis of 5-phenyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione derivatives is described. The synthesis involves the cycloaddition of (α-chlorocarbonyl)phenyl ketene with carbonyl compounds to generate the corresponding substituted 2-oxetanone's which is readily transformed to the final products in one step. The 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione is a rigid cyclic structure, and can undergo easy hydrolysis.     

Catalysts Based on Amino Acids for Asymmetric Reactions in Water

Wet and wild : Water is a powerful force in nature, as evident in the painting “ES” by Zdzislaw Beksinski (1985, oil, 92 cm×90 cm; reproduced with permission from Piotr Dmochowski), as well as a promising medium for asymmetric reactions. As catalysts, natural amino acids are ideal candidates. This Minireview summarizes recent advances in asymmetric catalysis in water, with amino acids and their derivatives as effective catalysts or essential components.

     

Mechanistic Investigations on the Photoisomerization Reactions of 1,2‐Dihydro‐1,2‐Azaborine

The mechanisms of the photochemical isomerization reactions were investigated theoretically by using a model system of 1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐azaborine with the CAS(6,6)/6‐311G(d,p) and MP2‐CAS‐(6,6)/6‐311++G(3df,3pd)//CAS(6,6)/6‐311G(d,p) methods. Three reaction pathways, which lead to three kinds of photoisomers, have been examined. The structures of the conical intersections, which play a decisive role in such photorearrangements, were obtained. The thermal (or dark) reactions of the reactant species have also been examined by using the same level of theory to assist in providing a qualitative explanation of the reaction pathways. The model investigations suggest that the preferred reaction route for 1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐azaborine, which leads to the Dewar 1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐azaborine photoproduct, is as follows: reactant→Franck–Condon region→conical intersection→photoproduct. The results obtained allow a number of predictions to be made.     

Enhanced Acid/Base Catalysis in High Temperature Liquid Water

High temperature liquid water (HTLW), as an environmentally benign medium, has drawn increasing attention for organic chemical reactions and biomass conversion1-3. HTLW has a strong tendency to ionize and can act as an acid and/or base catalyst. In addition, HTLW can dissolve organic compounds to some extent allowing for a homogenous reaction within an aqueous phase. Extensive researches4-10 have been pursued on acid/base-catalysis reactions in HTLW without addition of acid or base. Howe…     

Extraction of domoic acid from seawater and urine using a resin based on 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylic acid

A new solid-phase extraction (SPE) matrix with high affinity for the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) was designed and tested. A computational modelling study led to the selection of 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylic acid (TFMAA) as a functional monomer capable of imparting affinity towards domoic acid. Polymeric adsorbents containing TFMAA were synthesised and tested in high ionic strength solutions such as urine and seawater. The TFMAA-based polymers demonstrated excellent performance in solid-phase extraction of domoic acid, retaining the toxin while salts and other interfering compounds such as aspartic and glutamic acids were removed by washing and selective elution. It was shown that the TFMAA-based polymer provided the level of purification of domoic acid from urine and seawater acceptable for its quantification by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) without any additional pre-concentration and purification steps.