新型液晶光学相控阵的特性研究

将液晶作为平板光波导的上包层,构建了液晶光学相控阵器件.根据Frank-Oseen液晶连续体弹性形变理论与光栅衍射理论,研究分析了基于这种新型结构下液晶光学相控阵的传输特性,输出衍射特性和其它性能特性.研究结果表明,器件的传输电控相位延迟可以实现更大的光程差;阵列电极周期数目、电极宽度、电极间隔宽度等结构参量对器件的输出衍射光束的光强分布和半峰值全宽度影响很大,同时光束扫描的可行性得到论证;器件的响应时间提高了一个数量级,且其色散性能获得改善.为以后研制新型液晶光学相控阵提供了理论基础与技术设计依据.     

反射式液晶空间光调制器电控光束偏转

为获得较大的光束电控偏转范围,使用空间分辨力高达8 m的反射式液晶空间光调制器实现了对入射632 nm激光的电控偏转。利用双光束共焦干涉方法测量了液晶空间光调制器的电控相位延迟特性,最大相移量可达3。根据二元光学理论和器件的电控相位延迟特性,设计了周期台阶相位模式和相应的加载灰度图,以最大衍射效率实现对入射光束的闪耀电控偏转。结果表明:相位模式台阶数为8时,可以实现10 mrad的光束偏转,闪耀级次衍射效率可达46%。利用二元光学的衍射模型对影响衍射效率的关键因素进行了分析,认为器件较低的填充因子和周期台阶模式相位重置点诱导的指向矢回程区是限制光束衍射效率的主要因素。     

衍折射设计用于均匀照明的衍射光学器件

 在工艺上衍射光学元件是通过相位板来实现的,由于其多台阶化产生的不连续性,会对目标光场产生sinc调制,产生高级次衍射斑,损失了15%或者更多能量。通过对设计衍射光学器件的传统的IO迭代算法进行了研究,提出了一种与衍折射相结合的设计方法,在衍射光学器件的部分区域形成一块连续相位区域,减少了相位片台阶化区域的光强和衍射斑的强度。通过逐步变化连续相位对输出光强情况的影响的研究,可以优化相位参数,使入射到输出面的光束保证一定匀滑性的前提下,提高目标光场区域的衍射效率达到90%以上,能够满足均匀照明的要求。     

光谱色散匀滑技术对衍射光学器件束匀滑性能的影响

 模拟分析了光谱色散匀滑技术对衍射光学器件束匀滑性能的影响。光谱色散匀滑技术的使用提高了衍射光学器件的抗波前畸变能力，降低了对加工精度的高要求。光谱色散匀滑技术与衍射光学器件的联用有望满足惯性约束聚变对束匀滑性能的高要求。     

一种新型的二元光学器件——多位相光束分束器的制作

本文报道了用于多光束分束器的反射式16位相值二元光学器件的制作。该二元光学器件把一束光束分成5×5光束阵列。测量的衍射效率为76.16%,接近理论设计值79.68%。该二元光学器件的有效孔径为10mm×10mm。     

螺旋光束经过振幅型衍射光学元件的传输特性及其拓扑电荷数的测量

本文提出了一种利用空间光调制器生成杨氏双缝和三角孔等振幅型衍射光学元件的方法. 利用平面波角谱衍射公式和柯林斯公式研究了螺旋光束经过这两种衍射元件后的传输特性, 并利用杨氏双缝和三角孔实现了螺旋光束拓扑电荷数的测量. 由于空间光调制器可以方便和高精度地改变光学器件的几何尺寸和所在的空间位置, 因此可便捷地实现螺旋光束拓扑电荷数的测量.     

一种产生无衍射线结构光的新型光学元件

提出一种可产生无衍射线结构光的新型光学元件组合三角棱镜,由正、负等腰三角棱镜胶合在一起设计而成,其变换光束特性与单个正等腰三角棱镜相同,等效底角由正、负等腰三角棱镜底角之差决定,因此可通过较大底角的正、负等腰三角棱镜组合得到更小角度的底角,以获得更大焦深的无衍射线结构光,解决了单个正等腰三角棱镜小角度加工困难的技术问题。采用几何光学理论分析产生无衍射线结构光的原理,计算无衍射线结构光的相关参数,由衍射积分理论分析和模拟光束经过新型光学元件后的光强分布特性。实验结果表明:平面波正面入射新型光学元件可以产生具有大焦深的无衍射线结构光。     

被动方式产生近似无衍射贝塞尔光技术

无衍射光束具有中心光斑小且不随传播距离变化、自再现、产生局域空心光等特点,由于这些特殊的光束特性而在许多领域,如计量学,经典光学,非线性光学和生命科学等领域中得到广泛的应用。无衍射光束的产生与变换是目前的一个研究热点。通过衍射理论、干涉理论和几何光学方法可对无衍射光进行描述。实现无衍射贝塞尔光束的方法可分为主动式和被动式。本文主要综述地介绍了几种被动式产生近似无衍射贝塞尔光束的最新技术,通过分析其优缺点,给出了这些技术的适用范围。     

参数可控长距无衍射光束的生成方法研究

为了消除光学器件几何参数对无衍射光束传播特性调整的限制,实现长距空间中无衍射光束传播时特性参数的可控性,首先,通过研究axicon折射阴影区的电场分布特征,发现axicon无衍射区外过临界面后的近轴区域虽处于几何折射阴影近轴区域内,但仍存在光强服从第一类零阶贝赛尔函数分布的球面波;以此为基础,提出了一种不受传播空间距离限制的无衍射光束的生成方式;最后,在近12 m的尺度范围内进行无衍射光传播特性参数测试,发现其实验参数与理论计算值的差值不超过0.1μm。该无衍射光通过对第一类零阶贝塞尔函数分布的球面衍射光斑准直生成,本质上区别于传统的干涉无衍射光束生成方式,易于生成大尺度空间无衍射光束。该无衍射光生成方式适合用于非能量使用情况下大尺度空间的直线基准、光束空间通讯等领域,具有较大的价值与意义。     

基于空间光调制器的《信息光学》实验设计与开发

利用空间光调制器设计了几个典型的信息光学实验。针对信息光学中的波前调制、光束调制部分难于理解的问题,利用G-S算法,基于空间光调制器设计了正弦光栅和闪耀光栅二元光学衍射元件。理论分析和实验结果表明,设计的二元衍射光学元件达到了实验要求。这为信息光学课程的实验设计提供了一条新思路。     

A 4.8-W M^2 = 4.6 Continuous-Wave Intracavity Sum-Frequency Diode-Pumped Solid-State Yellow Laser

A yellow continuous wave with beam quality M^2= 4.6 and output power of 4.8 W at 589nm is generated by intracavity sum-frequency mixing of 1064 nm and 1319 nm radiations of a Nd：YAG laser. To achieve high beam quality at high power, thermally near-unstable flat-flat resonators with two-rod birefringence compensation are designed to obtain the large fundamental mode size inside the Nd：YAG rods and the same beam width inside the KTP crystal. The optimal intracavity power ratio of both 1064nm and 1319nm beams is also considered. The output power fluctuation of the yellow laser remains less than 5% in four hours.     

LD端面泵浦Cr~4∶YAG被动调Q激光器输出特性研究

对激光二极管端面泵浦Cr4+∶YAG被动调Q Nd∶YAG激光器输出特性进行了实验研究.实验研究发现,激光器输出功率及脉冲重复频率随谐振腔长度增大而增大.为解释这一实验现象,测量了泵浦光斑在激光晶体内尺寸,同时计算了激光晶体及Cr4+∶YAG晶体内的基模激光光斑半径随谐振腔长度变化.分析结果表明:激光晶体内泵浦光斑尺寸远小于激光晶体内基模光斑半径,腔模间交叠效率较低;当腔长增加时,激光晶体内的基模激光光斑减小,腔模间交叠效率增加,从而导致输出功率及脉冲重复频率随腔长增加而增加;另外,Cr4+∶YAG晶体内光斑半径也随谐振腔长度减小,引起Cr4+∶YAG晶体漂白时间缩短,导致脉冲重复频率随腔长增加而增加.     

LD端面泵浦Cr4:YAG被动调Q激光器输出特性研究

对激光二极管端面泵浦Cr⁴⁺:YAG被动调QNd:YAG激光器输出特性进行了实验研究.实验研究发现,激光器输出功率及脉冲重复频率随谐振腔长度增大而增大.为解释这一实验现象,测量了泵浦光斑在激光晶体内尺寸,同时计算了激光晶体及Cr⁴⁺:YAG晶体内的基模激光光斑半径随谐振腔长度变化.分析结果表明:激光晶体内泵浦光斑尺寸远小于激光晶体内基模光斑半径,腔模间交叠效率较低;当腔长增加时,激光晶体内的基模激光光斑减小,腔模间交叠效率增加,从而导致输出功率及脉冲重复频率随腔长增加而增加;另外,Cr⁴⁺:YAG晶体内光斑半径也随谐振腔长度减小,引起Cr⁴⁺:YAG晶体漂白时间缩短,导致脉冲重复频率随腔长增加而增加.     

High-power continuous wave green beam generation by use of simple linear cavity with side-pumped module

High-power continuous wave green radiation has been generated by means of type-II phase-matched frequency doubling in a KTP crystal located in a simple linear cavity incorporating a diode side-pumped Nd:YAG laser module. The cavity was designed to make the fundamental beam radius at the KTP crystal smaller than that at the gain medium, as is required for obtaining large mode volume in Nd:YAG crystal and realizing efficient CW intracavity frequency doubling. Output power of 51.2 W is obtained in the experiment with a diode-to-green optical conversion efficiency of 10.3%. The M²-parameters of the laser are measured at different output powers. For the output power of about 47 W, the power fluctuation is measured less than 1%. The experimental results show that the continuous wave green laser system using this simple linear cavity offers good laser performance and output stability.     

Encoded complex reconstruction into diffractive optical elements for high power Nd:YAG laser marking system

The applications of diffractive optical elements (DOE) in the domain of laser marking with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser are numerous, but few publications present usable results. In our opinion, the first usage with a Nd:YAG laser of a low cost DOE to mark complex forms such as industrial logos with a sufficient quality is presented in this paper. Besides, the manufacturing costs are very low and the necessary materials are very simple and few in our proposition. The elements have been manufactured by contact photolithography with a commercial resin, that one can find in a supermarket and a silver halide mask. Finally, the effects of the pulse duration on the reconstruction shape are evaluated and displayed with the help of marking test on sensitized paper.     

Small signal gain and loss measurement of a CW Nd:YAG laser using an antiresonant ring interferometer

An antiresonant ring (ARR) interferometer configuration is introduced for the characterization of a continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser output. The output of the ARR device is precisely characterized todetermine the gain and loss of a laboratory CW Nd:YAG laser by using the Findlay-Clay approach. TheARR arm is then experimentally arranged inside the cavity of an arranged high power side-pumped CWNd:YAG laser. A coated beam splitter with 50–50% reflectivity at normal incidence is placed inside thecavity to provide a wide range of reflectivity from 0 to 100%. This is performed by a rotatable stage and tilting the beam splitter by 10°with the steps of 0.05. By changing the input electrical power of the laser pump the variation of the output laser power is monitored for 20 individual reflectivity of ARR arm.Average pump threshold power of about 180 W is obtained. With the help of the derived equations and obtained threshold power, small signal gain and loss associated with the emerging beam is estimated. It is verified that the former is very dependent to the input parameters. Laser efficiency is also measures 5.6% which is quite comparable with the reported values.     

热透镜控制激光光束质量技术研究

在端面抽运固体激光器中,就如何改善在高抽运功率时输出激光的光束质量,提出一种激光器的设计方法。在激光器谐振腔中放入多根掺杂浓度不同的激光介质,利用激光介质内部产生的热透镜控制抽运光和基模振荡光的空间分布,并且最大限度地使抽运光的分布区和基模振荡光分布区重叠,实现抽运光与基模振荡光在空间上高度匹配,进而提高抽运光能量的利用效率和振荡光的光束质量。实验表明,在不同抽运功率下,抽运光和基模振荡光在晶体内部的光斑的空间分布可通过热透镜加以控制。在端面抽运功率200 W附近时,实现了抽运光与基模振荡光较高程度匹配,光束质量因子M2由14.7改善为4.1。     

Partially end-pumped Nd:YAG slab laser with a hybrid resonator

A Nd:YAG slab is partially end pumped by a diode laser stack with three diode laser bars. The pumped volume has a rectangular cross section. A hybrid resonator, which is stable in the plane of small dimension and is off-axis unstable in the plane of large dimension of the gain cross section, was used to yield highly efficient laser operation at diffraction-limited beam quality. The laser design and experimental results are reported.     

Quality of the beam produced a pulsed Nd:YAG laser

The quality of the beam produced by a Nd:YAG laser was investigated. A hemispherical Nd:YAG laser resonator was developed. A flashlamp driver was designed to pump a Nd:YAG laser crystal. The output of the laser was characterized via the variation of the capacitor voltage. A phosphor card was used to detect the invisible of the infrared beam. Exposed photographic paper was utilized to examine the energetic beam after interaction. The brightness and strength of the beams were analyzed using the Matrox Inspector and VideoTest 5 software packages. The intensity of the beam produced and the volume loss after interaction were found to linearly increase with respect to the input energy.     

Stable High Power and High Beam Quality Diode-Side-Pumped Continuous-Wave Intracavity Frequency-Doubled Nd:YAG Laser

We report a stable high power and high beam quality diode-side-pumped cw green laser from intracavity frequency-doubled Nd： YAG laser with KTP. By using a L-shaped concave-convex resonator, designed with two Nd：YAG rods birefringence compensation, a large fundamental mode size in the laser crystal and a tight focus in the nonlinear crystal could be obtained simultaneously. The green laser delivers a maximum 532nm output power of 23.2 W. Under 532nm output power of 20.9 W, the beam quality factor is measured to be 4.1, and the fluctuation of the output power is less than 1.4% in an hour.