TPV系统热辐射发电模块数值分析

建立TPV系统热辐射发电模块的数理模型,通过数值模拟获得SiC辐射器分别配合GaSb和Si电池所构成的TPV系统的输出伏安特性曲线;以GaSb电池为例,分别分析SiC辐射器温度和电池温度对系统性能的影响,得出如下结论:辐射器温度升高,系统输出电能密度迅速增大,电池效率稳步提高,辐射器温度从1400 K升至1900 K,系统输出电能密度从0.67 W·cm^-2增至5.43 W·cm^-2,电池效率从16.3%上升到24.8%;电池温度升高导致系统性能下降,电池温度每升高10 K,系统输出电能密度减少约0.15 W·cm^-2,电池效率也大幅下降.最后讨论与GaSb匹配的一种选择性辐射器的辐射能量分布情况,与SiC辐射器相比,选择性辐射器可以显著减少辐射能量中的不可用部分,从而有效提高系统的性能与稳定性.     

超薄高速率单结微晶硅薄膜电池及其叠层电池

采用甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术, 基于优化表面形貌及光电特性的溅射后腐蚀ZnO:Al衬底, 将通过调控工艺参数获得的器件质量级高速微晶硅(μupc-Si:H )材料(沉积速率达10.57 Å/s)应用到微晶硅单结电池中, 获得了初始效率达7.49%的高速率超薄微晶硅单结太阳电池(本征层厚度为1.1 μm). 并提出插入n型微晶硅和p型微晶硅的隧穿复合结, 实现了非晶硅顶电池和微晶硅底电池之间的低损电连接, 由此获得了初始效率高达12.03% (V_oc=1.48 eV, J_sc=11.67 mA/cm², FF=69.59%)的非晶硅/微晶硅超薄双结叠层电池(总厚度为1.48 μm), 为实现低成本生产太阳电池奠定了基础.     

单室沉积高效非晶硅/微晶硅叠层太阳电池的研究

采用甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术,在前期单室沉积的微晶硅薄膜太阳电池和非晶硅/微晶硅叠层太阳电池研究的基础上,通过对微晶硅底电池本征层硅烷浓度的优化,获得了初始效率达到11.02%(电池面积1.0 cm²)的非晶硅/微晶硅叠层太阳电池.同时,100 cm²的非晶硅/微晶硅叠层太阳电池的组件效率也达到了9.04%. 关键词： 非晶硅/微晶硅叠层电池 单室 甚高频     

太阳电池用本征微晶硅材料的制备及其结构研究

采用VHF-PECVD技术制备了系列不同硅烷浓度和反应气压的微晶硅薄膜.运用拉曼散射光谱和 x射线衍射对制备的材料进行了结构分析.在实验研究的范围内，制备材料的晶化程度随硅烷 浓度的增加而降低.XRD的测试结果表明：制备的微晶硅材料均体现了(220)方向择优.应用在 电池的有源层中，制备出了效率达7.1%的单结微晶硅太阳电池，电池的结构是glass/ZnO/p( μc-Si:H)/i(μc-Si:H)/n(a-Si:H/Al)，没有ZnO背反射电极，有源层的厚度仅为1.2μm. 关键词： 本征微晶硅薄膜 拉曼光谱 x射线衍射     

高压射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积制备高效率硅薄膜电池的若干关键问题研究

报道了采用高压射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD) 制备高效率单结微晶硅电池和非晶硅/微晶硅叠层电池时几个关键问题的研究结果, 主要包括: 1)器件质量级本征微晶硅材料工艺窗口的确定及其结构和光电性能表征; 2)孵化层的形成机理以及减小孵化层的有效方法; 3)氢稀释调制技术对本征层晶化率分布及其对提高电池性能的作用; 4)高电导、高晶化率的微晶硅p型窗口层材料的获得, 及其对减小微晶硅电池p/i界面孵化层厚度和提高电池性能的作用等. 在解决上述问题的基础上, 采用高压RF-PECVD制备的单结微晶硅电池效率达8.16%, 非晶硅/微晶硅叠层电池效率11.61%.     

甚高频高速沉积微晶硅薄膜的研究

采用甚高频化学气相沉积(VHF-PECVD)技术制备了系列微晶硅(μc-Si:H)薄膜样品,重点研究了硅烷浓度、功率密度、沉积气压和气体总流量对薄膜沉积速率和结晶状态的影响,绘制了沉积气压和功率密度双因素相图. 以0.75nm/s的高速沉积了器件质量级的微晶硅薄膜,并以该沉积速率制备出了效率为5.5%的单结微晶硅薄膜电池. 关键词： 微晶硅薄膜 高速沉积 甚高频化学气相沉积     

非晶硅太阳电池BZO/p-a-SiC:H接触特性改善的研究

采用重掺杂的p型微晶硅来改善前电极掺硼氧化锌 (ZnO:B) 和窗口层p型非晶硅碳 (p-a-SiC) 之间的非欧姆接触特性. 通过优化插入层p型微晶硅的沉积参数 (氢稀释比H₂/SiH₄、硼掺杂比B₂H₆/SiH₄) 获得了较薄厚度下 (20 nm) 暗电导率高达4.2 S/cm的p型微晶硅材料. 在本征层厚度约为150 nm, 仅采用Al背反射电极的情况下,获得了效率6.37%的非晶硅顶电池(V_oc=911 mV, FF=71.7%, J_sc=9.73 mA/cm²), 开路电压V_oc和填充因子FF均较无插入层的电池有大幅提升. 关键词： 氧化锌 p型微晶硅 非晶硅顶电池 非欧姆接触     

p种子层对单室制备微晶硅电池性能的影响

采用单室等离子体化学气相沉积技术沉积pin微晶硅电池时,硼污染降低了本征材料的晶化率并影响了p/i界面特性.针对该问题文中采用p种子层技术,即在沉积p层后采取高的H₂/SiH₄比率及适当的功率又沉积一个薄的p层,初步研究了p种子层对微晶硅i层纵向均匀性及电池性能的影响.实验结果表明：采用此方法能改善p/i界面特性,提高本征材料纵向结构的均匀性并降低硼对本征层的污染,有效地提高单结微晶硅电池的性能.最后,通过优化沉积条件,制备得到光电转换效率为881%（1 cm 关键词： 单室 甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积 微晶硅太阳电池 p种子层     

论能量曲面上理想气体的微观状态数

在微正则系综中求体积的微观状态总数时,常常求助于相空间中薄能壳层中的体积,但关于薄能壳层的厚度及其物理意义,文献中各有不同认识.本文报导了在量子统计物理中的能量表面H=E上直接计算理想气体的微观状态数的近似结果.结果发现微观状态数可以近似表示为相空间中能量薄层E-0ε/2≤H≤E+0ε/2所包含的微观状态数,其中0ε是系统的最小能量单位.     

α-Fe2O3磁性微球的合成及磁性能

以氯化铁（FeCl3·6H2O）和氨水（NH3·H2O）为原料,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为表面活性剂,采用沉淀法制备了氧化铁磁性微球.所得样品用XRD、SEM及SQUID-VSM等手段进行了表征.结果表明,所得氧化铁磁性微球为斜方六面体结构,其粒径大小在0.5-1.5μm范围,其剩余磁感应强度为0.06emu/g,矫顽力为1700Oe,表现出一定的铁磁性.     

强激光热管冷却镜的数值研究

 为消除强激光微沟道水冷镜冷却水压力和扰动对激光输出稳定性的影响和冷却水道对冷却水流量的限制,提出并设计了热管冷却镜。采用ANSYS有限元软件,模拟计算了相同结构下镜面热吸收为12 W/cm²,实心镜、微沟道水冷镜与热管冷却镜连续工作60 s下镜体温升和镜面变形量。计算结果表明：热管冷却镜镜面轴向位移最大峰谷值为0.109 4 μm,微沟道水冷镜最大峰谷值为0.845 μm,实心镜镜面最大峰谷值为1.33 μm,热管冷却镜对镜面变形改善显著。     

A micro/nanocasting method for replicating soft micro/nanosurface structures using a dynamic electrical field

We propose a new electric field-induced micro/nanocasting method to replicate soft patterns using micro/nanocasting techniques without pressure. The process uses an alternating current (AC) electrical field and rotation of one electrode, generating a dynamic electrical field that induces electrokinetic flow motion in a dielectric solution (polydimethylsilane, PDMS). We used a lotus leaf as a replication template and characterised the PDMS flow motion to observe the effects of various process parameters (e.g., electrical field strength, rotation speed of an electrode, and electrode shape). The unstable flow motion was significantly dependent on the processing parameters, especially the rotation speed of the electrode. Using the optimised processing conditions, the replication efficiency was about 88%. We believe that this method has potential for fabricating soft micro/nanosized structures.     

用于Raman光谱与微纳米结构同步检测的Raman-AFM系统研究

研究和发展了一种将微区拉曼(Raman)光谱检测与原子力显微镜(AFM)微纳米扫描成像相结合的新型Raman-AFM技术。设计了Raman光谱与AFM扫描成像的原位检测探头;研制出相应的Raman-AFM系统;利用该系统,对ZnO纳米颗粒和TiO2纳米薄膜开展了微区Raman光谱与微纳米结构的检测实验。研究表明,所获得的Raman光谱检测结果与理论值良好吻合,同时,AFM扫描检测得到的图像很好地表征了样品的微纳米结构,从而实现了微区Raman光谱与AFM图像的原位及同步检测,验证了这一技术的可行性,为Raman光谱技术与微纳米技术领域的实际应用提供了技术基础。     

On-Line Coupling of a Micro Liquid Chromatograph to a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer

A micro liquid chromatograph-interfaced Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer system (LC/FTIR) for on line analysis of liquid chromatography effluents is described. About 2 μg of injected diethylphthalate can be detected using a 0.025 mm pathlength flow cell. Several examples of a micro LC/FTIR are demonstrated.     

High-capacity and security packet switching using the nonlinear effects in micro ring resonators

We propose a new design of secured packet switching generated by using nonlinear behaviors of light in a micro ring resonator. The use of chaotic signals generated by the micro ring resonator to form the filtering and packet switching characteristics is described, where the high-capacity and security switching using such form is presented. The key advantage is that the high capacity of communication data can be secured in the transmission link, where the nonlinear penalty of light traveling in the device is beneficial. For instance, the required information can be transmitted and retrieved by using the proposed packet switching scheme. In principle, the chaotic signals are generated by a Kerr effects nonlinear type of light in a micro ring resonator, where the control input power can be specified by the required output filtering signals. The ring radii used range between 10 and 20 μm, κ=0.0225, α=0.5 dB and n₂=2.2×10⁻¹⁵ m²/W. Simulation results obtained have been described based on the practical device parameters. Three forms of the applications have been simulated, the potential of using for the tunable band pass and band stop filters, in which high-capacity packet switching data can be performed, and the fs switching time is plausible.     

Negative Corona Discharge Ion Source Under Ambient Conditions with Mini Line-cylinder Electrodes

提出了一种新型的可在大气环境下工作的离子源．该离子源通过电晕放电产生离子,为线-筒结构,由内电极和外筒电极组成,电极半径分别是0.16和4 mm．采用了一系列夹持方法,保证了内外电极具有较高的同轴度．设计了一套进样系统,可以控制进入离子源的样品浓度．给出了放电启动电压的计算公式．实验表明,在大气环境条件下可以很好地电离甲酸、乙酸等负电性的化学物质．为了减小离子源的体积,引入了微机电系统技术．改进了原线-筒型结构以防止随之而来的沿面放电．该离子源接口简单,可广泛应用于质谱仪、MMS、IMS和FAIMS上．     

微型生化分析系统实验测试

介绍了一种基于微型光纤光谱仪的微型生化分析系统及其相应的标定和实验测试。实验中对总蛋白、白蛋白、双氯芬酸钠、亚硝酸盐、碘-淀粉、Fe2+-邻二氮菲等溶液体系的吸收谱进行了测试。根据不同浓度Fe2+-邻二氮菲溶液体系的实验结果,作出了相应的工作曲线,结果表明该工作曲线具有很好的线性度。实验结果与日本岛津分光光度计、美国海洋光学公司的HR2000微型光谱仪以及国产722型分光光度计的实验结果进行了比较。实验测试表明该微型生化分析系统已达到实用化的要求,且具有实时全光谱(360～800 nm)分析、体积小等优点,是一种比较理想的微型生化分析系统。     

Study on micro-mirror macro model and its dynamic behavior

Research on modeling electrostatic micro actuator is essential for the effective control of its action. In this paper, a kind of modeling way is presented for conventional tilting reflecting micro mirror. A polynomial algebraic equation for angel of a tilting 2 orders torque system is introduced and the characters of the model are estimated precisely. Simulation and experiment are implemented for proving the method. Finally, PID control algorithm is exerted hence based on the model and the dynamic response feature is promoted.     

用于高功率激光脉冲整形的可编程任意波形电脉冲发生器

研制了一种基于GaAs场效应管与超快脉冲信号微带传输的可编程任意波形发生器.它由计算机控制的多路高准确度偏置电压,多个级联的GaAs场效应管基元电路,以及微带脉冲传输线组成．输出电脉冲波形导入LiNbO3集成光波导调制器,经过电光调制获得相应的激光脉冲波形．通过计算机设置各基d元电路中GaAs场效应管栅极偏压,进而控制整形电脉冲的形状,使高功率激光装置前端时域脉冲整形实现远程控制．     

Optimization of 350× optical zoom lens with diffractive optical element

Through researching and validating, a set of optical designs using a diffractive optical element (DOE) and optimization process has been derived in this paper. We put forward a set of theories to solve the numerous quality issues in imaging and applied it to an optical design. For an optical design to be successful, it must comply with the standards of the optical system. Optical designers must also take into consideration imaging quality, wherein the most influential aspects are chromatic aberration and monochromatic aberration. We complied with systemic standards such as effective focal length and total system length. Diffractive Optical Element, based on the theory of wave phase difference, takes advantage of negative Abbe number, which might significantly eliminate chromatic aberrations of optics. Following the advanced technology applied to micro lens and etching process, precisely made micro DOE element now is possible to be manufactured in a large number. A 350× zoom lens with DOE is demonstrated in the proposal. The results show that regardless of whether chromatic aberration is axial or longitudinal, issues concerning the optical lens's chromatic aberration could be significantly reduced.