镁含量对RE-Mg-Ni系A2B7型储氢合金结构与性能的影响

采用感应熔炼方法制备了La0.8-xGd0.2MgxNi3.1Co0.3Al0.1(x=0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4)储氢合金, 并在氩气气氛和1173 K下进行退火处理. 合金相结构分析结果表明, 镁含量(x)较低时合金以Ce2Ni7型为主相结构, A2B7型相丰度(Ce2Ni7+Gd2Co7)达到98.8%; 镁含量较高时合金相由A2B7型、 CaCu5型和PuNi3型物相构成, 随着镁含量的增加, PuNi3型和CaCu5型相组成逐渐增多, 其晶胞参数随Mg含量的增加而减小, 同时合金的吸氢平台也随之升高. 电化学测试结果表明, 随着合金中Mg含量增加, 合金电极的最大放电容量和循环稳定性均呈先增大后减小的规律, 其中x=0.15时合金电极具有最高的电化学放电容量(393 mA·h/g)和最佳的循环寿命(S100=92.82%). 合金电极的高倍率放电性能(HRD)随Mg含量的增加先减小再增大然后又减小, 适量的Mg元素改善了合金电极的动力学性能.     

Mm0.78Mg0.22Ni2.48Mn0.09Al0.23Co0.47储氢合金的表面改性

为了提高AB3型合金Mm_0.78Mg_0.22Ni_2.48Mn_0.09Al_0.23Co_0.47（Mm由82.3%La和17.7%Nd组成）的电化学性能,将石墨烯添加到合金中。通过XRD和SEM可以看出,石墨烯并没有改变合金的相结构,仅是简单地附在合金表面。当加入质量分数为2%的石墨烯时,合金电极的最大放电容量C_max达到364.9 mAh·g^-1。石墨烯的添加加速了合金表面的电化学反应。     

球磨La2Mg17+x％Ni(x=50,100,150,200)复合贮氢合金的电化学性能研究

研究了球磨制备的La2 Mg17+x％Ni(x =50,100,150,200)复合贮氢合金的电化学性能.XRD分析表明:随着Ni含量的增加,复合合金的晶体结构逐渐转变为非晶结构.电化学测试显示:球磨制备的La2Mg17+x％Ni复合贮氢合金在首次循环后即可达最大放电比容量,合金具有较好的活化性能;复合合金的放电比容量也随Ni粉加入量的增加而增大.在经过60h球磨后制得的非晶态的La2 Mg17+ 200％ Ni复合贮氢合金,其303 K下放电比容量为353.1 mAh·g-1.电化学放电比容量的提高应归因于非晶结构的形成以及Ni粉对表面状态的改变.     

Comparative Study on the Structure and Electrochemical Properties of RE(Ni,Co,Mn,Ti)5 (RE=La,Ce,Pr,d) Alloys

As main composition of mishmetals, the four pure light lanthanide elements La, Ce,Pr or Nd was used individually instead of Ml or Mm as RE in preparation of AB₅ typed hydrogen storage alloy RE(Ni,Co,Mn,Ti)₅. The four alloys, La(Ni,Co₅Mn,Ti)₅, Ce(Ni,Co>ln,Ti)₅, Pr(Ni,Co,Mn,Ti)₅ and Nd(Ni,Co,Mn,Ti)₅ were then tested, characterized and compared in the their cell volumes (V_cell), P-C-T curves, and mainly electrochemical characteristics against charge/discharge cycles, including the activation cycle number (n_a),the maximum discharge opacity at 50 mA/g charge/discharge rate (C_50,max), the high-rate-dischargeability and the rate of decay (-dC/dn). These properties are compared and analyzed to reveal the difference of the effects of each element on the electrochemical properties of rare earth based AB₅ typed hydrogen storage alloy.     

Synthesis and performance of carbon-coated Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

The carbon-coated monoclinic Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (LVP/C) cathode materials can be synthesized by one-step heat treatment from a sucrose-containing precursor. Properties of the prepared composite material were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pore size distribution and specific surface area analyzer, optical particle size analyzer and electrochemical methods. X-ray diffraction results show that LVP sample is monoclinic structure. The sample presents initial discharge capacity of 127.2 mA h/g (at 0.2 C rate), and exhibits better cycling stability (115.1 mA h/g at 30th cycle at 0.2 C rate) and better rate capability (83.1 mA h/g at 50th cycle under 6 C rate) in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V. In the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V, it exhibits a initial discharge capacity of 169.1 mA h/g and good cycling stability (104.9 mA h/g at 20th cycle at 0.5 C rate).     

Studies on Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Li1+δNi1-xCoxO2-yFy Cathode Materials for Lithium-ion Rechargeable Batteries

It is a technological problem of LiNiO2 cathode material for lithium-ion secondary batteries because of the difficult preparation and hard purification, instable performance, remarkable capacity fading at initial discharge, worse thermal stability and safety of Ni-series cathode materials,and it is also the key factor of hindering LiNiO2 cathode material from practical applications.Recently, by doping some metal cations such as Co, Mn, Mg, Al, Cr and so on[1-5] into LiNiO2, the preparation difficulty and the purification hardness can be obviously improved, and the initial irreversible discharge capacity can be reduced, and the ratio of the initial discharge to charge capacity can be enhanced. But the cyclic stability, thermal stability and safety of LiNiO2 are not enough to satisfy the demand of commercial use.At present, the synthesis of LiNiO2 cathode material must be sintered under oxygen atmosphere in most cases, and the improved effect of fluoride doping on the electrochemical properties of LiNiO2 has seldom been reported in the literatures.In this paper, the cobalt cation and fluorine anion co-doping cathode materials Li1+δNi1-xCoxO2-yFy( 0≤δ≤0.2, 0≤x≤0.5, 0≤y≤0.1 ) were synthesized by solid state reaction method at 650℃ ～750℃ under air atmosphere, and characterized by XRD、 SEM、 TEM、 BET、 laser particle-size distribution measurement and electrochemical performance testing, the effect of different nickel sources on the properties of as-synthesized cathode materials was investigated. The results demonstrated that the cobalt and fluorine ions co-doping cathode materials Li1+δNi1-xCoxO2-yFy have complete layered structure, uniform surface morphology and better particle-size distribution as well as excellent electrochemical performances. At 20～25℃, 0.15～0.25mA charge and discharge current,4.25～2.70V cut-off voltage, 0.2～0.5C charge and discharge rate and 0.2～0.5 mA/cm2 current density,LiNi0.8Co0.2O1.95F0.05 cathode material has higher initial charge and discharge capacity and better cyclic properties which can be mainly attributed to the doping of the higher electronegativity fluorine which improves the structural stability and the synergistic reaction of cobalt and fluorine ions co-doping on the cathode materials. Under the above conditions, the initial charge and discharge capacity of LiNi0.8Co0.2O1.95F0.05 is 165.70mAh/g and 146.10mAh/g, respectively. After 50 cycles, it has more than 140mAh/g of discharge capacity and displays preliminary application possibility in the future.     

Intensified electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported with Ni nanoparticles

The electrochemical hydrogen storage properties of Ni-supported multi-walled carbon nanotube (Ni/MWCNT) electrodes were investigated using charge/discharge (C&D) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. Nickel NPs were deposited on the MWCNT surface, which was first chemically oxidized by H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ (3:1, v/v). Hydrogen storage was carried out by using the Ni/MWCNT electrode as the working electrode in the electrochemical cell. A set of various current densities were applied to the cell to produce (C&D) cycles, and it became optimum corresponding to 1.5 mA current. According to the electrochemical test results, the highest electrochemical discharge capacity of 1625 mAh g^?1 was obtained for the electrode with ratio of 4:1 (MWCNTs to Ni) in the initial cycle, which corresponded to 6.07 wt% H₂. The storage capacity was increased and reached to 4909 mAh g^?1 (18.34 wt% H₂) after 20 cycles, and the electrode maintained the specific capacity as cycling continued. Thus, the Ni/MWCNT electrode displays an excellent cycle stability and a high capacity reversibility. CV measurements also showed that the electrochemical adsorption and desorption amount of hydrogen was increased by Ni loading onto the CNTs and indicated that the electrochemical hydrogen adsorption of the electrode has an activated period.     

碳纳米管的电化学贮氢性能研究

研究了碳纳米管电极的电化学性能 ,其电化学储氢量达到 2 0 0mAh·g 1且具有高的电化学活性和良好的循环寿命 .采用循环伏安法研究了氢在碳纳米管电极上吸附 /氧化机理 .     

赝电容控制型钙钛矿高熵氧化物La(Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn0.2Ni0.2)O3负极材料的制备及储锂性能

采用金属硝酸盐为金属源, NaOH和Na₂CO₃为沉淀剂, 利用共沉淀法制备了La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃高熵氧化物负极材料, 研究了粉体的微观结构和电化学性能, 并与传统的LaCoO₃的电化学性能进行了比较. 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)和N₂吸附-脱附测试对其进行了表征, 结果表明, 所制备的 La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃高熵氧化物为钙钛矿结构, 形貌为球状, 且各组成元素分布均匀, 比表面积(19.83 m²/g)较高. 储锂性能研究表明, La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃高熵氧化物负极材料具有较高比容量、 优异的倍率性能和循环稳定性, 在200 mA/g的电流密度下, 其首次放电比容量为855.8 mA·h/g, 循环150次后, 比容量增加到771.8 mA·h/g, 远高于理论比容量(331.6 mA·h/g); 在3000 mA/g的高电流密度下循环500次后, 其仍能保持320 mA·h/g的可逆比容量, 接近其理论比容量, 容量保持率高达95.1%. La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃高熵氧化物储锂性能的大幅度提高, 主要归因于熵稳定的晶体结构和多主元协同效应, 使其具有较大的锂离子扩散系数(11.2×10^-18 cm²/s)和较高的赝电容贡献.     

定向多壁碳纳米管电化学储氢研究

利用恒流充放电、循环伏安曲线(CV)和电化学阻抗技术(EIS)等方法对定向多壁碳纳米管(AMWCNTs)储氢的电化学行为及其储氢机制进行了探讨.研究表明,定向AMWCNTs-Cu电极有较高的电化学储氢性能,其储氢容量在1500mA/g的电流密度下可以达到1162mA·h/g.定向AMWCNTs的电化学储氢能力强与其空间结构有关,而铜粉的加入有利于提高碳纳米管的电催化反应表面积和电极电化学反应活性,有利于氢在碳纳米管中扩散,从而提高了碳纳米管电极材料的储氢量.     

容量稀土镁基贮氢合金的制备及性能研究

采用快淬法制备稀土镁基贮氢合金。研究了覆盖剂，以及镁含量、热处理工艺对合金电性能的影响。当镁含量为1．09wt％时，0．2C放电容量〉380mAh／g，以2C充放，循环寿命〉500次。经XRD分析，贮氢合金具有纳米晶结构，平均晶粒尺寸〈50nm。PCTN试结果表明，随着温度升高，合金的平台压力增加，平台区域变宽，且平坦。     

新型镁基储氢合金的合成及电化学性能的研究

用扩散法成功地合成了Mg_1.5Al_0.5-xNiV_x(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)系列合金。XRD结构分析表明,合金中出现一个新的物相,其化学式为Mg₃AlNi₂,属立方晶系,Fd3m空间群,新相具有很好的电化学性能。钒的添加使合金的容量进一步提高。未经任何预处理的Mg_1.5Al_0.3V_0.2Ni合金的最大放电容量达到333mA·h·g^-1(50mA·g^-1,-0.5Vvs.Hg/HgO).Al对六方晶系Mg₂Ni合金结构中Mg的部分取代对于延长合金的循环寿命有重要作用。     

Controllable synthesis of hierarchical nanostructured hollow core/mesopore shell carbon for electrochemical hydrogen storage

Hierarchical nanostructured hollow core/mesopore shell carbon (HN-HCMSC) represents an innovative concept in electrochemical hydrogen storage. This work deals with physical characteristics and electrochemical hydrogen storage behavior of the HN-HCMSCs, produced by a replica technique using solid core/mesopore shell (SCMS) silica as template. HN-HCMSCs with various core sizes and/or shell thicknesses have been fabricated through the independent control of the core sizes and/or shell thicknesses of the SCMS silica templates. The superb structural characteristics of the HN-HCMSCs including large specific surface area and micropore volume, and particularly well-developed three-dimensionally interconnected hierarchical nanostructure (hollow macroporous core in combination with meso-/microporous shell), provide them with great potential for electrochemical hydrogen storage. A discharge capacity up to 586 mAh/g, corresponding to 2.17 wt % hydrogen uptake, has been demonstrated in 6 M KOH for the HN-HCMSC with a core size of 180 nm and a shell thickness of 40 nm at a discharge rate of 25 mA/g. Furthermore, the HN-HCMSC also possesses excellent cycling capacity retainability and rate capability.     

含锡AB_5型非化学计量贮氢合金Ⅱ.电化学性能

研究了几种AB5非化学计量贮氢合金的电化学性能 ,及在低电流密度与高电流密度放电下取代元素对放电比容量、活化性能及循环寿命的影响。Sn ,Co,Mn的加入有利于提高合金的电化学贮氢容量 ,La(NiSn) 5.14 ,La(NiSnCo) 5.12 和La(NiSnMn) 5.12 具有相同的电化学贮氢容量与活化特性。尽管La(NiSn) 5.14 大电流放电性能优于La(NiSnCo) 5.12 和La(NiSnMn) 5.12 ,但其寿命短。Mn ,Co和Al可大大提高合金的使用寿命。La(NiSnCo) 5.12 被认为是一种理想的贮氢合金。     

Mg/Mg1.8La0.2Ni纳米复合材料的吸放氢性能研究

应用高能球磨法制备Mg-x%Mg1.8La0.2Ni (x=10、20和30) 纳米复合储氢材料. X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)测试表明,该复合材料具有纳米晶和非晶态混合结构的性质,吸氢温度降低,较好的吸放氢动力学性能,在423K,2.5MPa氢压的条件下,50s内即可达到最大吸氢量.     

电沉积工艺对Mg-Ni储氢合金的电化学性能的影响

用电沉积的方法制备了镁 镍储氢合金,探讨了电沉积条件对合金的电化学性能的影响.XRD显示沉积层中含有非晶态Mg Ni相和微晶态Mg相.AAS分析表明沉积合金中Mg的摩尔分数达 8. 57%.合金的放电容量最高为 75. 547mA·h·g-1.     

A Ti-V-based bcc phase alloy for use as metal hydride electrode with high discharge capacity

The electrochemical characteristics of single bcc phase Ti-30V-15Cr-15Mn alloy were investigated. It was demonstrated that the single bcc phase alloy has high electrochemical discharge performance at high temperature. Its discharge capacity is closely related with temperature and discharge current. The first discharge capacities of 580-814 mAh g(-1) of the alloy powder were obtained at discharge current of 45-10 mA g(-1) in 6 M KOH solution at 353 K. Although the electrochemical cycle life of the alloy is unsatisfactory at present, it opens up prospects for developing a new hydrogen storage alloy with high hydrogen capacity for use as high performance metal hydride electrodes in rechargeable Ni-MH battery.     

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 as a concentration-gradient cathode material for lithium batteries

A well-ordered and spherical LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material was successfully synthesized from Ni and Mn concentration-gradient precursors via co-precipitation. The crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and charge-discharge tests. The material delivered an initial discharge capacity of 174.3 mAh/g at 180 mA/g （1 C rate） between 2.8 and 4.3 V and more than 93.1% of that was retained after 100 cycles. In addition, it also exhibited excellent rate capability, high cut-off voltage and temperature performance.     

Synthesis, characterization and hydrogen storage capacity of MS2 (M = Mo, Ti) nanotubes

The structure, morphology and hydrogen-storage capacity of MS₂ (M = Mo, Ti) nanotubes prepared by different experimental methods were studied. It was found that the MoS₂ nanotubes treated by KOH displayed the gaseous storage capacity of 1.2 wt% hydrogen (under the hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa and 25°C) and the electrochemical discharge capacity of 262 mAh/g (at the discharge current density of 50 mA/g and 25°C) that corresponds to about 1.0 wt % hydrogen. In comparison, TiS₂ nanotubes can store 2.5 wt% hydrogen under the hydrogen pressure of 4 MPa and 25°C. The results show that MS₂ compound nanotubes are promising materials for hydrogen storage. __________ Translated from Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis, 2005, 38(4) (in Chinese)     

Mn、Mg共掺杂Ni(OH)2的电化学性能

采用缓冲溶液法制备复合掺杂Mn、Mg的正极材料Ni0.82Mn0.18-xMgx(OH)2(x=0.06、0.09、0.12)。采用XRD、XPS和SEM等测试表征材料的晶体结构、锰价态和形貌,采用循环伏安和恒流充放电测试研究Mn、Mg不同掺杂比例对氢氧化镍电化学性能的影响。结果表明,Mn、Mg掺杂样品均为β相,晶粒细化;Ni0.82Mn0.09Mg0.09(OH)2样品具有优异的电极反应可逆性和充放电性能,100 mA·g^-1电流密度下的放电比容量(290.6 mAh·g^-1)优于商用β-Ni(OH)2(281.1 mAh·g^-1);且500 mA·g^-1电流密度下循环30圈后,Ni0.82Mn0.09Mg0.09(OH)2的放电比容量未见衰减,其循环稳定性优于商用β-Ni(OH)2。