Evaluation and Prediction of Joint Toxicity of Aniline and Its Derivatives to Photobacterium Phosphoreum

The single toxicity of aniline and its derivatives and the joint toxicity of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives with the toxic unit ratios of 1:1, 1:4, 4:1 to photobacterium phosphoreum were determined, respectively. The toxic unit and the additive index were used to evaluate the joint toxicity. The result shows that the joint toxicity of each of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives is mainly simple addition of the toxicities of the two compounds. On this basis, the QSAR equation that was built from the single toxicity of aniline was used to predict the toxicity of the derivatives of aniline in the mixtures. Good agreement between the predicted and experimental values was found with R^2=0. 921.     

氯苯胺类化合物对发光细菌毒性的定量构效关系

应用密度泛函理论的BLYP方法,对14种氯苯胺类化合物进行几何构型优化,得到稳定构型下的量子化学参数,研究了该类化合物对发光细菌毒性作用的定量结构-活性关系(QSAR),应用逐步回归方法建立了相关方程.结果表明:该类化合物对发光细菌的毒性作用随分子最低空轨道(LUMO)能级的降低而增大,随分子中氯取代数目的增加而增大.     

取代芳烃对发光菌、大型蚤、呆鲦鱼急性毒性的QSAR研究

发光菌;定量构效关系;取代芳烃对发光菌、大型蚤、呆鲦鱼急性毒性的QSAR研究     

取代苯酚的定量结构－活性／性质相关性研究

在分子拓扑理论基础上,提出了一个新的价连接性指数~nG=∑(E_i·E_j· E_k...),其中~0G=∑(E_i),~1G=∑(E_i·E_j),并用~0G,~1G研究了取代苯酚（ 含Cl,Br,INH_2,NO_2,COOH,烷基、环烷基、苯基等）的溶解度,辛醇／水分 配系数及对黑曲霉、浮萍、细胞色素P－450、酵母菌等的生物活性,给出了相关方 程。结果表明,新方法计算简单,使用方便,预测值与相应的实验值较好吻合。     

硝基芳烃对黑呆头鱼毒性定量构效关系的研究

用CNDO/2法计算50种硝基芳烃化合物的净电荷(Q_C、Q_N及Q_-NO2);使用MNDO法计算其中42种化合物的E_LUMO、E_HOMO、生成热之差△(△H_f)及偶极矩μ。定量分析了7种量化参数与黑呆头鱼毒性96h-LC₅₀的构效关系,通过统计分析,得到如下模式:式中:-1gLC₅₀=11. 35-1. 28E_LUMO-9.17Q_N+0. 46E_HOMO-0.12μ n=35,r=0.920,s=0.298。应用所得方程及量化参数讨论所研究系列化合物在鱼体内的毒性作用。     

QSAR Study of Nitrobenzenes’ Toxicity to Tetrahymena Pyriformis Using Semi-empirical Quantum Chemical Methods

1 INTRODUCTION Nitrobenzenes are an important class of industrial chemicals produced with substantial marketing volu-mes and a diverse range of use patterns[1].They are widely used as pesticides,solvents,explosives,dye-stuffs,etc.Most of the nitrobenzenes together with their derivatives are toxic,and they can cause dam-nification of human kidney,liver,eye,skin,blood system and so on[2～4].It is reported that all nitro-benzenes and their metabolites have mutagenicity,which induces the cyto…     

A Novel QSAR Approach for Estimating Toxicity of Phenols

Abstract

Toxicity values (log IGC^?1 ₅₀) for 60 phenols tested in the 2-d static population growth inhibition assay with the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis were tabulated. Each chemical was selected so the series formed uniform coverage of the hydrophobicity/ionization surface. A high quality hydrophobicity-dependent (log K _ow) structure-toxicity relationship (log IGC^?1 ₅₀ = 0.741 (log K_ow) ?1.433; n = 17; r² = 0.970; s = 0.134; F = 486.55; Pr > F = 0.0001) was developed for phenols with pK_a values > 9.8. Similarly, separate hydrophobicity-dependent relationships were developed for phenols with pK_a values of 4.0, 5.1, 6.3, 7.5, and 8.7. Comparisons of intercepts and slopes, respectively, revealed phenols with pK_a values of 6.3 to be the most toxic and the least influenced by hydrophobicity. These relationships were reversed for the more acidic and basic phenols. Plots of toxicity versus pK_a for nitro-substituted phenols and phenols with log K_ow values of either 1.75 or 2.50 further demonstrated bilinearity between toxicity and ionization. In an effort to more accurately model the relationship between toxicity and ionization, the absolute value function |6.3-pK_a| was used to model ionization affects for derivatives with pK_a values between 0 and 9.8. For derivatives with pK_a value > 9.8, a value of 3.50 was used to quantitate ionization effects. The use of log K_ow in conjunction with this modified pK_a (ΔpK_a) resulted in the structure-toxicity relationship (log IGC^?1 ₅₀ = 0.567 (log K_ow)-0.226 (ΔpK_a-0.079; n = 54; r² = 0.926; s = 0.215; F = 321.06; Pr > F = 0.0001). Derivatives with a nitro group in the 4-position typically did not model well with the above equation.     

QSAR Studies on the Toxicity of Nitrobenzenes to Population Growth of Tetrahymena Pyriformis

IntroductionMost ofnitroaromatics are main environmentalpollutants.Those industrial chemicals have a highexposure to the aquatic ecosystems,especially inthe region of the Songhua River.Many quantitativestructure- activity relationships ( QSARs) havebeen developed to predict the toxicity of organicchemicals to environmentally important species[1] .QSARs have been developed for predicting thenitroaromatic compounds′ toxicity to aquaticspecies too[2— 5] . The most successful QSARs arethos…     

Comparative QSAR: Radical Toxicity and Scavenging. Two Different Sides of the Same Coin

Abstract

From an analysis of the toxicity of phenols to rat embryos and anilines to embryo fibroblast cells a new type of toxicity is postulated for these classes of compounds. Substituents which increase the electron density on the aromatic ring as estimated by σ⁺ or ε_HOMO increase potency. It is postulated that it is the radical form of the phenols and the anilines that accounts for their toxicity. The results are compared with QSAR for radical scavengers and oxidoreductases acting on phenols, anilines and carbazoles.     

取代芳烃的急性毒性与连接性指数(nL)的相关性

提出表征原子生物活性的特征值（Ei)，由Ei建构新的连接性指数（^nL),并用^0L、^1L与取代芳烃对日本长腿蛙蝌蚪、发光菌、呆鲦鱼的毒性数据进行关联，其二元相关系数分别为0．9660、0．9172、0．9691，明显优于文献方法。     

硒对镉毒性的拮抗与解毒作用实验研究

不同剂量的硒对高剂量镉的拮抗作用引起大鼠全血中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和心肝、肾脏器相对重量的变化，用以评价硒对镉毒性的缓解作用，实验结果显示，经口给适量的硒对镉引起的毒性有拮抗作用，对机体有保护作用。     

卤代苯和苯酚衍生物的位电荷密度能和1og Kow与-lg LC50的QSAR研究

以简易的量子化学方法计算了二十多种卤代苯和苯酚衍生物的FMO位电荷密度能,并进行定量结构-活性相关(quantiktive struvyitr biodegradability)研究,获得满意的结果.最后从生物酶促反应本质、污染物-生物酶的轨道控制反应角度对QSAR提出新的解释.     

QSAR for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Toxicity of Two Classes of Phosphoramidothioates

Abstract

Methamidophos (Met) is a weak inhibitor of housefly head AChE but at the same time it is highly toxic to the common housefly. The lethality of Met is believed to be due to AChE inhibition. An extensive QSAR study may help in determining the mode of action of Met in vivo and in vitro and provide a rational for its high insecticidal toxicity. Acephate (Ace), like Met, is a poor inhibitor of AChE in vitro and has a comparable to Met insect toxicity in vivo. Contrary to Met, though, Ace has much lower mammalian toxicity. Understanding the structural properties which make insecticides toxic to insects but not to mammals is of great importance, since mammals (including humans) are inadvertently exposed to these compounds.

Our results were consistent with the model in which both the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of Met depends on the inhibition of the active center of AChE by the unchanged Met. An optimal susceptibility to hydrolysis is needed for Met and its analogs to have high insecticidal activity since in order to phosphorylate AChE they need to be hydrolyzed and at the same time their stability is of great importance in vivo for accumulating at the site of action. The insecticidal activity of Ace analogs may be due to direct interaction with the active center of the AChE. The mammalian toxicity of Ace analogs may be due to interaction with an 'allosteric' reaction center in the AChE.     

2-(4-取代-苯基)-3-异噻唑啉酮抗菌活性的定量构效关系研究

用密度泛函理论和逐步回归分析方法对22种新合成的2-(4-取代-苯基)-3-异噻唑啉酮化合物进行了结构与抗菌活性研究. 通过对平衡几何构型、前线轨道组成和Mulliken电荷分布的分析得出: S(1), N(2)原子是该类化合物的主要活性部位, 且5位氯取代的化合物抗菌活性较好. 通过回归分析, 筛选了影响抗菌活性的主要因素, 建立了定量构效关系方程. 结果表明, 硫原子的亲核前线电子密度、3D-Balaban指数、S(1)-N(2) Wiberg键级和Schultz分子价拓扑指数是影响异噻唑啉酮类化合物抗大肠杆菌活性的主要因素, 所得模型对化合物抗菌活性有较好的预报能力.