Aeroelastic tailoring of a plate wing with functionally graded materials

A functionally graded material (FGM) provides a spatial blend of material properties throughout a structure. This paper studies the efficacy of FGM for the aeroelastic tailoring of a metallic cantilever plate-like wing, wherein a genetic algorithm provides Pareto trade-off curves between static and dynamic aeroelastic metrics. A key comparison is between the effectiveness of material grading, geometric grading (i.e. plate thickness variations), and using both simultaneously. The introduction of material grading does, in some cases, improve the aeroelastic performance. This improvement, and the physical mechanism upon which it is based, depends on numerous factors: the two sets of metallic material parameters used for grading; the sweep of the plate; the aspect ratio of the plate; and whether the material is graded continuously or discretely.     

高速小展弦比机翼颤振的微分求积法分析

引入微分求积法,分析高速小展弦比机翼的气动弹性问题。将小展弦比机翼等效为悬臂板,基于一阶活塞气动力理论建立机翼颤振偏微分方程,采用微分求积法将偏微分方程转化为常微分方程,根据频率重合理论对颤振问题进行求解。分析了机翼的固有频率及颤振速度,并与有限元软件计算结果进行比较,误差在2％以内,很好的验证了微分求积法求解小展弦比机翼颤振问题的有效性。分析了机翼面积、展弦比及厚度对颤振速度的影响,结果表明,小展弦比机翼的颤振速度受结构尺寸的影响较大,颤振速度随面积和展弦比的增大而减小,随机翼厚度的增大而增大。     

大跨度悬索桥施工状态气动弹性模型风洞试验研究

本文通过桥梁气动弹性模型风洞试验，给出了汕头海湾大桥施工状态的颤振、抖振特性．     

飞机撞击混凝土结构的动力学分析

基于已有的飞机撞击混凝土结构的实验数据,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,选用可模拟冲击作用下混凝土性能的4种不同材料模型,在同一接触算法、同一失效准则下,进行飞机撞击混凝土结构的数值模拟与动力学分析,探讨了4种混凝土材料模型在模拟飞机撞击下混凝土结构破坏效应的能力。结果表明:4种混凝土材料模型均能模拟飞机撞击混凝土结构的穿入、散裂、碎甲等局部破坏效应,但在考虑正、背面破坏面积及剩余速度等因素时,MAT072R3和MAT084材料模型的计算结果与实验结果较接近,MAT111材料模型次之,MAT159材料模型有较大的差异。本文的研究结果可为后续评估混凝土结构安全壳抵抗飞机撞击能力时提供基础参数。     

Internal hydraulic analysis of impeller rounding in centrifugal pumps as turbines

The use of pumps as turbines in different applications has been gaining importance in the recent years, but the subject of hydraulic optimization still remains an open research problem. One of these optimization techniques that include rounding of the sharp edges at the impeller periphery (or turbine inlet) has shown tendencies of performance enhancement.In order to understand the effect of this hydraulic optimization, the paper introduces an analytical model in the pump as turbine control volume and brings out the functionalities of the internal variables classified under control variables consisting of the system loss coefficient and exit relative flow direction and under dependent variables consisting of net tangential flow velocity, net head and efficiency.The paper studies the effects of impeller rounding on a combination of radial flow and mixed flow pumps as turbines using experimental data. The impeller rounding is seen to have positive impact on the overall efficiency in different operating regions with an improvement in the range of 1-3%. The behaviour of the two control variables have been elaborately studied in which it is found that the system loss coefficient has reduced drastically due to rounding effects, while the extent of changes to the exit relative flow direction seems to be limited in comparison. The reasons for changes to these control variables have been physically interpreted and attributed to the behaviour of the wake zone at the turbine inlet and circulation within the impeller control volume.The larger picture of impeller rounding has been discussed in comparison with performance prediction models in pumps as turbines. The possible limitations of the analytical model as well as the test setup are also presented. The paper concludes that the impeller rounding technique is very important for performance optimization and recommends its application on all pump as turbine projects. It also recommends the standardization of the rounding effects over wide range of pump shapes including axial pumps.