Absorption and luminescence spectral analysis of Dy3+-doped magnesium borate glass

This paper reports the luminescence potential of the dysprosium ion (Dy³⁺)-doped (varying contents from 0.1 to 1.0 mol%) magnesium borate glasses prepared by the melt-quenching method. As-quenched samples were characterized systematically to determine the effects of various Dy³⁺ contents on their structure, physical and optical traits. The Judd−Ofelt (J−O) intensity parameters (Ω₂, Ω₄, Ω₆) and radiative properties of the best sample (with 0.7 mol% of Dy³⁺ doping) was evaluated to complement the experimental optical data. The studied glasses revealed three luminescence emission peaks at 382 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2, intense Blue), 572 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2, intense Yellow) and 661 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_11/2, weak Red) under the excitation wavelength of 347 nm. The emission intensity was first increased up to the Dy³⁺ content of 0.7 mol% and then quenched. The observed luminescence intensity quenching was due to the resonant energy transfer from the excited state to the neighbouring ground state of Dy³⁺. The obtained high value of Ω₂ signified the strong degree of covalency between the Dy³⁺ and ligand environment. The optimum glass sample (with 0.7 mol% of Dy³⁺) showed higher values of the branching ratio and stimulated emission cross-cross section for the ⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2 (yellow) emission transition, indicating its potential as bright yellow luminescent material and high gain visible laser applications.     

High upconversion optical gain of Er3+-doped tellurite glass

The upconversion technique of rare-earth-doped glasses or crystals is a potential route for achieving short-wavelength lasers (SWLs). The optical gain is an important parameter for evaluating lasing medium performance. Therefore, upconversion luminescence in glass with composition of 70TeO₂–9PbF₂–10AlF₃–10BaF₂–1Er₂O₃ was demonstrated, and the small-signal optical gain was measured via an amplified spontaneous emission technique when the sample was excited with a 980 nm laser. It was found that the optical gain was as large as 4.0 dB/cm, thus indicating that this glass may be a good medium for SWLs.     

Room-temperature grating-based morphological hole burning in Sm2+-doped glass powders

We have observed grating-based morphological hole burning in Sm2+-doped glass powders at room temperature. When photobleaching on the 4f(6)-4f(5)5d transition of Sm2+ is combined with multiple light scattering, holes are produced in frequency and wave-vector domains. The hole profile depends on the amount of light absorption of Sm2+; it sharpens as the absorption decreases. The variation of the hole shape is explained theoretically based on a diffusion approximation.     

Er3+-doped phosphor-tellurite glass for broadband short-length Er3+-doped fiber amplifier

ErS+-doped phosphor-tellurite glass for broadband short-length Er3+-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is fabricated and characterized. The differential value (△T) of onset crystalline temperature (Tx) and glass transition temperature (Ts) is 206°C.     

Continuous-wave laser action of Yb3+-doped lanthanum scandium borate

Lanthanum scandium borate (LSB) has been proved to be an interesting laser matrix when doped with Nd³⁺ and Er³⁺ ions. In this paper, we demonstrate that it is also a very efficient laser material when doped with Yb³⁺ ions. The main spectroscopic characteristics of the system are presented, showing very broad absorption and emission bands, comparable to those found in Yb-doped GdCOB and YCOB crystals. From spectroscopic measurements the relevant laser parameters have been obtained, and a tunability of about 50 nm could be deduced. Room-temperature, continuous-wave laser action of Yb-doped LSB is demonstrated at a wavelength of 1045 nm with a slope efficiency as high as 64%. PACS 42.55.Rz; 42.70.Hj; 78.55.-m     

Optical bistability of stimulated-emission lines in Sm(3+)-doped glass microspheres

A third-order optical nonlinear effect in a spherical glass resonator doped with Sm(3+) ions has been observed on stimulated emission lines of the (4)G(5/2)-(6)H(7/2) transition, in which the excitation beam of an Ar(+) laser in a 488-nm single line is coupled with the glass resonator through a prism. A spherical form is produced during a free fall of fractional glasses in a longitudinal electric furnace configured vertically. The prism-coupled glass microsphere exhibits sufficient performance to confine photon energy as a resonance of light inside the sphere and offers the prospect of new applications to functional photonic circuits.     

Na+离子掺杂Gd2O3:Sm3+纳米晶的发光增强

采用柠檬酸作燃烧剂,在柠檬酸-硝酸盐体系下制备了Gd2O3:Sm3+和Gd2O3:Sm3+,Na+纳米晶.用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、荧光光谱仪等对样品的结构、形貌和光致发光性能进行了分析.结果表明:所得纳米样品为纯立方相,晶粒尺寸约为30 nm.在室温下,用275 nm激发光激发各样品时,可观测到Sm3+离子的较强发光,其主发射峰位分别位于561.5,603.5,651.5 nm,分别对应着Sm3+离子的4G5/2→6H5/2,4G5/2→6H7/2和7G5/2→6H9/2的电子跃迁,其中以4G5/2→6H7/2跃迁的光谱强度最强.实验表明:Na+离子的掺入使得Sm3+离子的光发射强度显著增强.对引起样品荧光强度变化的原因进行了分析.     

Third-order nonlinearity of Er3+-doped lead phosphate glass

In a laser coherent combination, the phase detection and control is the most critical. Using the beat frequency method, consistence of the phase in output beams can be ensured through real-time detection and correction for the phase change. Phase noises are controlled by a liquid crystal phase modulator. At the same time, the liquid crystal polarization controller is used to make the polarization state stable, which is good for the improvement of the combining efficiency. The wave length of the main oscillation laser is 532 nm. The output power of laser can be adjusted continuously from 0 to 6 W. The shifted frequency of the system is 40 MHz. The accuracy for phase control is superior to λ/70 RMS. In the process of closed-loop control, using the liquid crystal phase and polarization controller, a better signal phase correction of optical path has been achieved for the coherent combination of high power laser arrays.     

不同硅含量的硼酸锌盐玻璃的光谱研究

制备了60ZnO-(40-x)B2O3-xSiO2:Tb3+(x=0,10,20)玻璃,测量了红外吸收光谱,分析了玻璃的结构。由于在700cm-1出现较强的振动峰,说明在此硼酸盐玻璃形成了五硼酸盐。硼硅酸盐玻璃中存在着的偏硼酸盐结构,即一个硼氧四面体和四个硼氧三角体连接成五硼酸盐结构基团,并进一步成为无穷链状结构。测量并分析了样品的发射光谱,结果显示玻璃能发出强的绿光(543nm),归属于Tb3+的5D4->7F5的跃迁,随Si含量的增加,发光强度降低。     

Energy transfer from Tm3+ to Pr3+ in barium borate glass

The system of Tm³⁺ and Pr³⁺ in barium borate glass is investigated for finding out the mechanism of nonradiative energy transfer at room temperature. The various constants for this system relevant to the energy transfer are also calculated.     

Upconversion fluorescence spectroscopy of Er~(3+)-doped lead oxyfluorosilicate glass

Upconversion fluorescence emission of Er3+-doped oxyfluorosilicate glass excited at 975 nm is experimentally investigated. The results reveal that the intense green and red emission, and weak blue emission centered at 525, 543, 655, and 410 nm, respectively. A two-photon upconversion process is assigned to the green and red emission while a three-photon process is responsible for blue upconversion. The possible upconversion mechanisms are discussed based on excited state absorption and energy transfer between excited Er3+ ions. The intense upconversion fluorescence of Er3+-doped lead oxyfluorosilicate glass may be a potentially useful material for developing upconversion optical devices.     

Optical properties of Sm3+:CaO-Li2O-B2O3-BaO glass and codoped Sm3+:Eu3+:

Calibo glasses of Sm³⁺ with and without BaO have been synthesized and the optical properties (like absorption and photoluminescence) analyzed in terms of Judd–Ofelt theory. The fluorescence yield of Sm³⁺ enhances with BaO, and is optimum at 10% BaO. The effect of temperature on the energy transfer probability in (Sm³⁺:Eu³⁺) codoped glass has been reported and it can be inferred that the combination may serve as a temperature sensor. PACS 42.70.Ce     

Factors affecting optical dispersion in borate glass systems

Series of ternary glass systems namely, Na₂O, B₂O₃, and RO (R=Ba or Mg) doped with TiO₂ are synthesized. The present glasses are dictated by requirement for a small refractive index and a small nonlinear coefficient needed for waveguide and laser fabrication requirements. The effect of MgO and BaO as alkaline earth metals on the optical properties of the glass systems is investigated. The dependence of the refractive index and extinction coefficient dispersion curves on composition is carried out over a wavelength range of 0.3-. Applying a genetic algorithm technique, the parameters of Sellmeier dispersion formula that fit index data to accuracy consistent well with the measurements are given. The zero material dispersion-wavelength (ZMDW) and group velocity are also determined using the refractive index data. The Fermi level is calculated exploiting the extinction coefficient dispersion curves. The absorption coefficient, both direct and indirect optical energy gaps, and Urbach energy are evaluated using the absorption edge calculations. The different factors that play a role for controlling the refractive indices such as coordination number, electronic polarizability, field strength of cations, bridging and nonbridging oxygen, and optical basicity are discussed in accordance with the obtained index data. IR spectroscopy is used as a structural probe of the nearest-neighbor environment in the glass network.     

A study of the luminescence properties of Eu -doped borate crystal and glass

Eu³⁺-doped La₂O₃-3B₂O₃ crystal and glass were prepared by solid state reaction under different calcination temperature. The emission spectrum, phonon sideband (PSB), charge transfer band (C.T.B.) and lifetime of the Eu³⁺ ion in the two materials, with the same composition but with different phase, were investigated. With excitation at 394 nm light, the glass presented intense 618 nm red luminescence; however, the crystal gave 696 nm red luminescence. This difference is ascribed to the discrepancy of the local structure around the Eu³⁺ ion in the crystal and glass. To clarify the discrepancy, the coordination of Eu³⁺ in the borate glass and crystal was investigated. The results show that Eu³⁺ ions formed a complex Eu³⁺-O²⁻-B³⁺ bond in glass; however, in the crystal, it formed a complex Eu³⁺-O²⁻-La³⁺ bond. The lifetime of Eu³⁺ ions in the crystal and the glass is 3.08 ms and 1.98 ms, respectively. This indicates that the discrepancy in the local structure around the Eu³⁺ ions between the crystal and the glass leads to different fluorescence properties.     

Spectral investigations of Sm3+ doped lead bismuth magnesium borophosphate glasses

The multicomponent lead bismuth magnesium borophosphate glass systems (LBMBPS) doped with Samarium ions with the molar compositions of (50?x)PbOxBi₂O₃25MgHPO₄24B₂O₃1Sm₂O₃ (where x=10, 20, 30, and 40) were fabricated using conventional melt quenching technique. The amorphous nature of these glass samples was confirmed with XRD studies. The spectral data from the optical absorption studies were employed to compute various spectroscopic parameters such as Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters. The Judd–Ofelt parameterization employed reflects the covalency and vibration frequencies of the ligands with Samarium ions. The radiative parameters such as radiative transition probabilities (A), the total radiative transitional probabilities (A_T), radiative life times (τ_R), branching ratios (β) and absorption cross sections (Σ) were computed for certain lasing levels. The glass systems thus developed indicate their potential lasing candidature. The emission cross sections (σ_E) for the significant lasing transitions ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_5/2, ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_7/2, and ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_9/2 evaluated from the photoluminescence spectra were reported. The radiative properties obtained in our investigations suggest their lasing candidature.     

Structural and optical characterization of Er3+/Yb3+-doped LiNbO3

We report the dependence of the unit-cell parameters and the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices of Er³⁺/Yb³⁺-codoped LiNbO₃ crystals. Both properties depend in a non-monotonic manner on the Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ content. A singularity was observed at concentrations of 1.1-1.2 mol. % in the crystal (0.6-0.7 mol. % in the melt). In the same way the Er and Yb concentration influences the periodically poled lithium niobate formation. The observed behavior of refractive indices and unit-cell parameters of Er³⁺/Yb³⁺-codoped LiNbO₃ crystals could be explained in terms of the RE³⁺-ion concentration affecting the Li-vacancy concentration and the RE³⁺-ion positions in the crystal. Received: 21 May 2001 / Revised version: 22 August 2001 / Published online: 23 October 2001     

Optical properties of lithium magnesium borate glasses doped with Dy and Sm ions

Several studies showed the interesting properties of trivalent lanthanide ions when doped in various types of glasses. Optical and physical properties of lithium magnesium borate glasses doped with Dy³⁺ then with Sm³⁺ ions were determined by measuring their absorption and luminescence spectra in the visible region. The absorption spectra of Dy³⁺ showed eight absorption bands with hypersensitive transition at 1265 nm (⁶H_15/2→⁶F_11/2-⁶H_9/2) and three PL emission bands at 588 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2), 660 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_13/2) and 775 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_11/2). Regarding the Sm3⁺, nine absorption bands were observed with hypersensitive transition at 1237 nm (⁶H_5/2–⁶F_7/2); the PL spectrum showed four prominent peaks at ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_5/2 (yellow color), ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_7/2 (bright orange color), ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_9/2 (orange reddish color) and ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_11/2 (red color), respectively. Finally, a series of physical parameters such as the oscillator strengths, refractive index, ions concentration, Polaron radius and other parameters were calculated for each dopant.