麦饭石对水溶液中铜（Ⅱ）离子吸附的研究

麦饭石作为净水剂,能够去除水中的镉、汞和铜等重金属离子。但对于其吸附平衡的研究还未见报道。本文以静态法考查了泰山麦饭石对水溶液中铜(Ⅱ)离子吸附的平衡特性。     

聚丙烯纤维预辐照接枝制备弱碱性离子交换纤维及其对链霉素的吸附

以γ-射线预辐照,在聚丙烯(PP)纤维上接枝丙烯酰胺(AAm),再经过Hofmarm降解反应制备弱碱性离子交换纤维(PP-g-YAm)交换容量达到5.47mmol/g干纤维.研究了PP-g-VAm纤维对链霉素的吸附和解吸性能.其吸附等温曲线符合Langmiur吸附等温式.静态吸附试验表明,PP-g-AAm纤维对链霉素的吸附量可以达到446.96mg/g千纤维,脱附率达到98.9%.     

几种非金属矿物对硫化氢吸附性能的研究

某些非金属矿物具有吸附性[1 5]。本文测试了硅藻土、浮岩、沸石和麦饭石等非金属矿物的主要理化性能,研究了上述矿物在不同条件下对硫化氢的吸附性能,探讨了吸附剂粒度、用量、吸附时间和温度对吸附率的影响及吸附机理。在适当的条件下,各种材料对硫化氢的吸附率均能达到90%;吸附能力依次为硅藻土>麦饭石>沸石>浮岩。1　实验部分1 1　材料和试剂采集原矿标本硅藻土(抚松露水河)、浮岩(长白山天池)、麦饭石(长白山遥林)、斜发沸石(长春市净月潭),经粗选、粉碎、制备成不同粒径的吸附剂。X荧光光谱仪(PW140/10型,荷兰)和等离子直读光谱…     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定麦饭石中的硒含量

采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定麦饭石中的硒.在优化的实验条件下,标准曲线的线性范围为0～20 ng/mL,相关系数r=0. 9997,检出限为0. 40 ng/mL.测定结果的相对标准偏差为0. 69%(n=11),加标回收率为92. 0%～106. 0%.该方法测定麦饭石中的硒是可行的.     

键合聚六亚甲基胍盐酸盐的聚丙烯蜡的制备及其抗菌活性

在Hakke转矩流变仪中,将聚丙烯蜡（PPw）接枝马来酸酐（PPW—g—MAH）与聚六亚甲基胍盐酸盐（PHMG）熔融反应,得到具有抗茵性能的聚丙烯蜡（PPW—g—PHMG）。透射电镜显示PHMG在PPw一舻PHMG上呈纳米尺度均匀分布。将聚丙烯与PPW—g—PHMG混合,混和物（PP／PPw—g—PHMG）的抑茵圈法和贴膜法抗茵性能测试结果显示：样品对大肠杆菌具有优异的抗菌性能。经过提纯后,PP／PPw—g—PHMG没有出现PHMG的溶出,具有非溶出性的、持久的抗茵功能。     

氧化石墨烯/麦饭石分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水中镉

通过浸渍法制备了新型纳米氧化石墨烯/麦饭石(GO/MFS)复合吸附材料,并用于镉的分离富集。以火焰原子吸收法为检测手段,研究了GO/MFS复合吸附材料对水中Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。结果表明:当pH为9.0时,GO/MFS复合吸附材料用量为20mg,振荡10min,Cd(Ⅱ)可被吸附材料定量富集,最大吸附容量为111.1mg/g。吸附等温线均能符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温线模型,说明该吸附体系是一个单层覆盖与多层吸附相结合的模式。被吸附的Cd(Ⅱ)可用0.15mol/L HNO3定量洗脱。方法测定Cd(Ⅱ)的线性范围为0.04～2.0mg/L,检出限为9.6μg/L;对40μg/LCd(Ⅱ)测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%(n=9)。该方法具有操作简单、分析时间短、线性范围宽等优点。用该法对自来水中Cd(Ⅱ)进行加标测定,回收率101%～103%。     

单宁酸基苯胺分子印迹聚合物制备及其对苯胺的吸附性能研究

通过分子印迹技术以单宁酸为功能单体,苯胺为模板,甲醛为交联剂,制备了一种单宁酸基苯胺分子印迹聚合物(Tannin-Aniline Molecularly Imprinted Polymers,TAMIPs)。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜和氮吸附对其结构特征、表面形态及孔径进行了表征。利用制备的TAMIPs模拟废水中的苯胺浓度进行静态吸附、选择性吸附及脱附再生试验。结果表明,所制备的TAMIPs含有丰富的孔结构,对苯胺的吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程,静态吸附可自发进行;TAMIPs对苯胺具有较好的吸附选择性能和优良的再生吸附能力。293K时最大吸附量达到16.14mg/g(C_0为200mg/L),脱附再生5次后,TAMIPs的再生率为87%,再生后吸附率可达85.9%。     

偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的制备及在含金属离子废水处理中的应用

利用电纺丝技术制备了聚丙烯腈纳米纤维无纺布, 然后在水溶液原位偕胺肟化得到偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈纳米纤维, 该纳米纤维可用于吸附再生含金属离子废水. 采用氯化铜溶液模拟含金属离子废水, 探讨不同肟化率的偕胺肟化纳米纤维对铜离子的吸附效果; 发现肟化率78.8%的偕胺肟化纳米纤维的吸附能力最好, 利用Langmuir吸附方程得到最大吸附值为56.5 mg/g, 同时吸附后可将含铜废水浓度从100 mg/L降至13 μg/L, 远远低于国标GB8978-1996规定的铜排放的一级标准(总铜浓度<0.5 mg/L). 吸附铜离子的纳米纤维在1 mol/L稀硝酸中, 100 min后铜离子的解吸附率超过98%. 经4次吸附-解吸附循环后, 偕胺肟化纳米纤维的吸附能力仍能达到首次吸附最大吸附值的50%以上, 表明偕胺肟化纳米纤维具有一定的循环再生能力.     

麦饭石含量对载药复合凝胶小球释药性能的影响

以瓜尔胶-g-聚丙烯酸/麦饭石复合水凝胶(GG-g-PAA/MS)和海藻酸钠(SA)为原料,双氯芬酸钠(DS)为模拟药物,采用离子凝胶法制备了载药复合凝胶小球,考察了pH敏感性以及MS含量对复合凝胶小球的包封率、载药率、溶胀性和药物释放行为的影响.结果表明:凝胶小球具有明显的pH敏感性,在不同pH介质中溶胀率和释放速率...     

麦饭石修饰碳糊电极伏安法测定克林霉素

在pH=9的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,用麦饭石修饰碳糊电极循环伏安法研究了克林霉素的电化学性质,并讨论了影响克林霉素测定的各种因素,得到了其测定的最佳实验条件。克林霉素的氧化峰电位是0.80V,氧化峰电流与克林霉素的浓度在3.25×10-6～1.10×10-4 mol.L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。该测定方法的检出限(S/N=3)为5.0×10-7 mol.L-1。用标准加入法测定回收率范围在94.9%～101.4%。克林霉素在0.80V处的氧化为1电子、1质子参加的受扩散控制的不可逆过程。克林霉素的电化学测定方法能很好地用于实际样品的测定而且结果与药典法一致。     

Preparation and characterization of white bamboo charcoal PET fiber

<正>Bamboo charcoal polyester fiber(BC-PET) has been widely applied in home textiles,functional clothing and hydra-balance material,due to their strong adsorptivity,good resolvability,anti-statics,deodorization,antibacterial,anion releasing and far infrared emitting.But BC-PET is black and difficult to be dyed,and its application is limited.In this article,nitric acid was used to treat the surface of bamboo charcoal(BC) powder,and BC powder was modified by titanium dioxide sol to prepare white bamboo charcoal(white-BC) particle.White bamboo charcoal polyester fiber(white-BC-PET) was obtained by mixing white-BC and polyester(PET) resin in double screw extruder.Performance of fiber was tested referring to national standard GB/T14464-2008 of common PET fiber and most of its indicators have already exceeded GB the level of excellent product.SEM photographs showed that the white-BC was uniformly distributed inside or on the surface of fiber.The white-BC-PET could absorb some aniline and had at least 90%anti-bacterial rate.The anti-bacterial rate could have almost been kept after it was washed 50 times.It was hopeful to be applied in various fields as functional fiber.     

The effect of short fiber orientation on long term shear behavior of 40% glass fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide

Mechanical performance of SFRP depends on various factors (fiber fraction, geometry, etc.), among which the fiber orientation is difficult to predetermine, yet it needs to be considered during product design and manufacturing. This is important for parts with complex geometry and varying wall thicknesses, since variations in fiber orientation within the part, if not properly analyzed, may lead to unexpected or premature part failure. In our research, we investigate the effect of fiber orientation on the long-term time-dependent behavior in shear for polyphenylene sulfide with 40 wt% glass fiber reinforcement. Our results show that fiber orientation influences the magnitude of creep compliance (load transfer from matrix to fiber), however, the time-dependency and time-temperature relationship remains the same, regardless of the fiber orientation, suggesting that the composite time-dependency and thermal properties is solely governed by the matrix material.     

Orientation of molecular groups of fibers in nonoriented samples determined by polarized ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

A method based on polarized attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is proposed for determining the infrared dichroic absorption ratio of a single fiber from a sample deposited flat on a germanium crystal without the requirement of fiber orientation. The method shows its efficiency on cellulose fibers of paper and has been applied to protein fibers (type I collagen and β-amyloid) and polysaccharide fibers (cellulose and starch). The method gives access to the dichroic ratio of strong absorptions bands, which is not easily accessible with conventional absorption techniques. Then, the orientation of the molecular groups of organic fibers can be easily determined by polarized ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. By extension, this method will be useful to determine the molecular orientation of fibers in structured complex samples, such as biological tissues and plants. Spatially resolved information on the organization of the fiber network will be easily extracted by utilizing a focal plane array detector for imaging measurements.     

Use of the CNDO/S method to elucidate the conformation of benzylidene aniline

The present study was aimed at clarifying the conformation of benzylidene aniline with the aid of the CNDO/S method. The non-planarity of benzylidene aniline is clearly established and the estimated deviation, 55°, is consistent with a recent experimental determination. An interpretation of the UV absorption of benzylidene aniline is presented. A linear relationship has been found between the orbital energies and the experimental ionization potentials, but the photoelectronic spectrum does not provide any definite information about the conformational problem.     

Photocrosslinking of ultra high strength polyethylene fibers

Ultra high strength polyethylene (HSPE) fibers have been successfully photocrosslinked using benzophenone as photoinitiator. The introduction of photoinitiator without disturbing the fiber structure is a difficult problem which was solved by vapor absorption at elevated temperature while keeping the fiber under constant strain. The crosslinked fiber showed no decrease in mechanical properties at room temperature as is the case when fibers are crosslinked by other reported methods such as radiation and chemical crosslinking. The crosslinked fiber showed enhanced high temperature resistance as well as much lower creep rate on prolonged stressing. Photocrosslinking of HSPE fiber is superior to other crosslinking methods reported in the literature.     

原位聚合法制备PANI/PET导电织物及其性能分析

在聚酯纤维基材及其织物表面,原位聚合形成厚度约1~2μm聚苯胺包覆层,制得聚苯胺(PANI)/聚酯(PET)导电织物.PANI层优异的导电性能使之成为有广阔发展前景的柔性电磁屏蔽材料.正交试验分析研究了苯胺单体浓度、氧化剂:苯胺摩尔比、掺杂酸浓度、反应时间对PANI包覆层外观形态、与基体结合牢度以及导电性的影响.实验表明:在经适当前处理的PET基材表面,以苯胺单体浓度为0.25mol/L、氧化剂与苯胺摩尔比为1∶1、掺杂酸浓度0.5 mol/L、反应时间60 min、反应温度为0~20℃时制备的PANI/PET导电织物方阻最小,导电性最好;掺杂酸酸性越强,导电性越好.SEM、FTIR及XRD测试表明涤纶织物表面有均匀连续的聚苯胺膜存在.分析表明聚苯胺分子链中氧化结构与还原结构含量基本相等,说明聚苯胺渗入纤维内部,使纤维无定形区面积增加,结晶度减小.     

Strong adhesion and smooth conductive surface via graft polymerization of aniline on a modified glass fiber surface

The goal of this paper is to prepare surface-conductive glass fibers. The fibers were first hydroxylated, after which they were reacted with 3-bromopropyltrichlorosilane to form a bromopropylsilane monolayer, which was further reacted with aniline to substitute the bromine atoms. The surface-bound aniline molecules were used as active sites for the graft polymerization of polyaniline (PANI). The composition, structure and the morphology of the modified glass fiber surface were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The method generated a smooth and homogenous thin layer of PANI on the surface of the glass fiber with a surface conductivity of about 6 S/cm, hence larger than the usual value ( approximately 1 S/cm) of the bulk polyaniline.     

Correlation of the minor-phase orientation to the flow-induced morphological transitions in thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer/PBT blends

Immiscible blends of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCP) and a flexible polymer matrix show viscosity reductions and extensive fiber formation under certain flow conditions. Here we study these phenomena by directly examining the TLCP component's molecular orientation and the dispersed phase morphology. The rheology and morphology of blends of polybutylene terephthalate and a thermotropic copolyester (HX-8000 series, DuPont) at concentrations varying from 5 to 30 wt % of TLCP are characterized. It is found that the blends show viscosity reduction as well as stable fiber formation at shear rates dependent on the TLCP content. Wide-angle X-ray scattering is performed to measure the degree of molecular orientation of the TLCP phase. A deconvolution scheme isolates the scattering from the TLCP in the blends and a molecular model enables extracting an experimental orientation factor. It was found that a highly microfibrillated TLCP phase is coupled with an increase in the TLCP molecular orientation to values close to the pure TLCP at similar processing conditions. Further, the microfibrillated TLCP phase is found to be stable within the testing time. Current hypotheses about fiber formation in immiscible blends are tested against the experimental observations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 1769–1780, 1998     

Soft- and reactive-landing of Cr(aniline)2 sandwich complexes onto self-assembled monolayers: separation between functional and binding sites

Soft- and reactive-landing of gas-phase synthesized cationic Cr(aniline)(2) complexes onto self-assembled monolayers of methyl-terminated (CH(3)-SAM) and carboxyl-terminated (COOH-SAM) organothiolates coated on gold were performed at hyperthermal collision energy (5-20 eV). The properties of the Cr(aniline)(2) complexes on the SAM surfaces were characterized using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), together with theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). For the CH(3)-SAM, the Cr(aniline)(2) complexes were embedded inside the SAM matrix in a neutral charge state, keeping a sandwich structure. For the COOH-SAM, the IRAS and TPD study revealed that the amine-containing Cr(aniline)(2) complexes were bound to the SAM surface in two forms of physisorption and chemical linking through an amide bond. In the desorption, the latter form appeared as the reaction product between organothiolates and Cr(aniline)(2) above 400 K, where the organothiolate molecules, forming the SAM, were desorbed from the gold surface. The results show that the hyperthermal depositions onto a COOH-SAM bring about reactive-landing followed by covalent linking of an amide bond between the amine-containing Cr(aniline)(2) complexes to the carboxyl-terminated SAM surface, in which the binding sites can be separated from the functional sites of the d-π interaction.     

示波极谱中和指示剂的原理(Ⅰ)——苯胺与荧光素钠

示波极谱滴定所用的中和滴定指示剂,其终点的pH值变化范围为普通中和指示剂的十分之一,可用于水溶液中极弱酸(碱)的直接滴定,非常有用.但示波中和指示剂切口变化的机理没有研究过,本文研究了示波中和指示剂荧光素钠和苯胺随pH的变化,以及其切口产生或消失的机理.