核自旋偶合常数的计算 Ⅵ.取代苯质子偶合常数的加和性

取代基对苯环~(13)C和环上质子化学位移的影响具有加和性,基于这一性质而进行的化学位移计算已广泛应用于分子结构的测定.我们发现,取代基对苯环质子偶合常数的影响也具有近似的加和性,并提出简单的计算公式.偶合常数计算与化学位移计算结合起来,可更有效地用于分子结构测定. 苯环上质子间偶合常数的计算公式可表示如下:     

几种芴衍生物(有机材料增感剂)的13C核磁共振研究

利用FX-60Q脉冲付里叶变换核磁共振波谱仪(磁场强度为14093高斯,观察频率为15.04MH_z)测定了四种劳衍生物的非去偶谱、偏共振谱和质子完全去偶谱。借助于偏共振技术、质子噪声(宽带)去偶、取代基化学位移加合规则以及模式化合物比较,确定了各峰的化学位移和一键、二键及三键偶合常数。实验结果表明,用化学位移和偶合常数的值除帮助识别各峰的归属外,还能推断未知化合物的碳键状态及取代基电负性的大小,对鉴别化合物结构可提供有用的线索。     

氧氟沙星的核磁共振波谱性质研究

结合1H, 13C NMR, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, HMBC谱和碳氟偶合裂分行为, 对酸性及碱性溶液中氧氟沙星(Ofloxacin, OFL)的1H和13C谱分别进行归属, 研究了哌嗪环亚甲基构成的AA'BB'复杂自旋体系中各H的化学位移. 发现噁嗪环上的甲基处于直立键; 5H在酸性溶液中化学位移移向低场, 这可能与形成C—H…O弱氢键有关; 在碱性溶液中, OFL的羧基变为羧酸根, 造成羧基和羰基周围碳原子上π电子重新分布, 导致相应C的化学位移和碳氟偶合常数发生明显变化.     

N-取代苯基马来酰亚胺合成的1H-NMR研究

采用核磁共振氢谱对合成的N-取代苯基马来酰亚胺系列产物和反应过程的跟踪表征．通过研究产物和反应过程混合物的碳碳双键上质子、苯环上质子的化学位移和强度变化，判断反应进行程度．同时还研究了取代基对反应产物和中间产物的碳碳双键质子和苯环质子偶合常数的影响．     

2D-NMR测定人参皂苷Rb~1溶液中的三维空间结构

本文用一维和二维NMR归属了人参皂苷Rb~1的质子化学位移, 测定了质子偶合常数, 并用相敏NOESY谱测定了分子中质子间的距离。以所测定的化学位移, 偶合常数和质子间距等NMR结构参数为初始数据, 用自编和改进的分子结构计算程序计算出人参皂苷Rb~1在溶液中的三维空间结构。     

AB、ABX_n核磁共振谱的几何解析法

核磁共振谱若不是一级图谱时,需要通过解析,计算化学位移和偶合常数。对AB、ABX_n(n=1,2,3)虽然计算不是太烦,手算也能得到结果,但计算中有平方开方等运算,仍有一定的计算量。本文提出用“几何解法”解析AB、ABX_n系谱,无需用公式计算,直接在图谱上求出化学位移和偶合常数值。     

第五、六族元素的有机化合物在有机合成中应用的研究——Ⅶ.三取代环丙烷的质子核磁共振谱研究

本文报道11种三取代环丙烷的质子核磁共振谱及其解析结果.讨论了取代基对化学位移和偶合常数的影响.     

用多核磁共振研究双键立体化学

利用在双键上~1H、~(13)C、~(15)N和~(19)F不同核的化学位移、偶合常数、弛豫时间以及NOE,研究等取代双键的立体化学和构型,并扩展到其它化合物,如多环、脂环的立体结构研究。偶合常数 ~3J_(H-H) 质子-质子偶合常数在NMR中,相邻C原子上H的偶合用Karplus公式表示。由偶合常数和取代基间双面夹角的关系可导出~反J>~顺J,但亦应考虑除几何     

直接键连原子间的NMR偶合常数的自然杂化轨道研究——Ⅱ.C—C核自旋偶合常数~1J_(~(13)C—~(13)C)

在前文工作的基础上,本文利用CNDO/2分子轨道方法和自然杂化轨道方法,给出了计算一些化合物中碳—碳单键和碳—碳多重键的核自旋偶合常数~1J13的线性关系式。对32种不同碳—碳键偶合常数的计算结果表明,计算值与已知实验值相吻合。本文还对计算结果及影响偶合常数的因素作了相应的讨论。     

氢化苯骈硫氮杂(艹卓)核磁共振谱的研究 Ⅱ、~(13)C核磁共振谱

在前文中我们已经讨论了氢化苯骈硫氮杂(艹卓)的~1H核磁共振谱,本文应用偏共振技术、质子宽带噪声去偶,取代基化学位移加合规则、系统化合物比较以及自旋偶合常数等确定13种四氢化和二氢化苯骄杂罩的C化学位移并从空间效应,共振效应等方面     

Generation of charge carrier pairs in tetracene layers

The mechanism of negative and positive charge carrier generation by light absorption in tetracene layers has been studied. We conclude that there are different processes determining electron and hole production. Positive charge carriers are produced without recombination while the negative charge carrier generation depends strongly on the recombination process. The experimental data for charge carrier generation in tetracene layers are treated theoretically taking into account photogeneration, recombination of charge carriers, trapping and transport processes inside the sample.     

Scaling laws for charge transfer in multiply bridged donor/acceptor molecules in a dissipative environment

The ability of multiple spatial pathways to sum coherently and facilitate charge transfer is examined theoretically. The role of multiple spatial pathways in mediating charge transfer has been invoked several times in the recent literature while discussing charge transfer in proteins, while multiple spatial pathways are known to contribute to charge transport in metal-molecule-metal junctions. We look at scaling laws for charge transfer in donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) molecules and show that these scaling laws change significantly when environment-induced dephasing is included. In some cases, D-B-A systems are expected to show no enhancement in the rate of charge transfer with the addition of multiple degenerate pathways. The origins of these different scaling laws are investigated by looking at which Liouville space pathways are active in different dephasing regimes.     

密度泛函理论研究边链对苯并菲电荷传输的影响

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-31G**水平上,根据电子转移的半经典模型对含有炔基的不同软链的苯并菲化合物分子的电荷传输性质进行研究。研究表明,所有目标化合物均有利于苯并菲的电荷传输。其中,直接在苯并菲刚性环上引入酰胺基（-CO-NH-）有利于提高正电荷的传输,而间隔基为酯基的单取代化合物的正负电荷传输性质均比较良好。在苯并菲上单取代的分子明显比其双取代、三取代的分子正电荷传输性质好。     

Charge distributions in polyacetylene chains containing a positively charged defect

We present a comparative study of the AIM, CHELPG, GAPT, MK, Mulliken, NPA, and RESP charge distributions associated with a positively charged soliton on increasingly large trans‐polyacetylene chains, at HF, MP2, and DFT levels of theory. The charge storage in the soliton‐bearing systems is explored in detail, including charge magnitude, charge separation, charge alternation, and chain length effects. The grouping of the charge distributions at a given level of theory, as well as the sensitivity of a given charge distribution to the inclusion of electron correlation in its computation, are investigated using similarity analysis. Several of the charge definitions have been applied for the first time for charged soliton‐bearing systems, and there are substantial differences between the charge distributions for the charged and neutral systems. Thus, AIM charges are no longer one of the largest charge values, the AIM charges can be in counterphase with other definitions, and the GAPT charges for neutral systems are quite different from the GAPT charges for charged systems, e.g., the magnitudes of the GAPT charges are anomalously large and increase with the size of the charged system. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005     

Effects of multivalent salt addition on effective charge of dilute colloidal solutions

The effective charge Z* is often invoked to account for the accumulation of counterions near the colloid with intrinsic charge Z. Although the ion concentrations c(i) are not uniform in the solution due to the presence of the charged particle, their chemical potentials are uniform everywhere. Thus, on the basis of ion chemical potential, effective ion concentrations c(i)*, which can be experimentally measured by potentiometry, are defined with the pure salt solution as the reference state. The effective charge associated with the charged particle can then be determined by the global electroneutrality condition. Monte Carlo simulations are performed in a spherical Wigner-Seitz cell to obtain the effective charge of the colloid. In terms of the charge ratio alpha=Z*/Z, the effects of added salt concentration, counterion valency, and particle charge are examined. The effective charge declines with increasing salt concentration and the multivalent salt is much more efficient in reducing the effective charge of the colloidal solution. Moreover, the extent of effective charge reduction is decreased with increasing intrinsic charge for a given concentration of added salt. Those results are qualitatively consistent with experimental observations by electrophoresis.     

Structure and electron density distribution of the nitrate ion and urea molecule upon protonation

Summary The changes in the structure and electron density distribution of the nitrate ion and urea molecule upon the presence of a point charge are discussed. Analyses of the Cambridge Structural Database are performed as well as Hartree-Fock calculations on the appropriate molecules in the presence of a point charge. The Hartree-Fock calculations confirm the correlations in structural parameters found in the database. A charge analysis of the molecules explains part of the structural changes caused by the presence of the point charge. The electrostatic potential and Laplacian of the electron density distribution explain the position of the point charge relative to the molecules.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of beta-SiC using both fixed charge and variable charge models

In this paper, molecular dynamics simulations have been performed using both fixed charge and variable charge models. In the fixed charge model, partial charges are introduced to Si and C atoms to model the charge transfer observed in first principles studies. The calculated phonon dispersions, elastic constants, and lattice constants are in good accuracy. Variable charge model is also used to obtain geometry and connectivity dependent atomic charges. Our results show that although the variable charge model may not be advantageous in the study of ordered structures, it is important in describing structural disorders such as vacancies.     

Ligand field splitting for a diffuse charge model

The simple electrostatic point charge model of the ligand field theory is extended by representing each ligand by N fractional point charges. The special cases N=6,18, and 62 are considered. A spherical charge distribution gives results similar to those of the point charge model. The splittings for non-spherical charge distributions are found to depend strongly on the orientation of the ligand charge.     

Charge transfer excitations in cofacial fullerene-porphyrin complexes

Porphyrin and fullerene donor-acceptor complexes have been extensively studied for their photo-induced charge transfer characteristics. We present the electronic structure of ground states and a few charge transfer excited states of four cofacial porphyrin-fullerene molecular constructs studied using density functional theory at the all-electron level using large polarized basis sets. The donors are base and Zn-tetraphenyl porphyrins and the acceptor molecules are C(60) and C(70). The complexes reported here are non-bonded with a face-to-face distance between the porphyrin and the fullerene of 2.7 to 3.0 A?. The energies of the low lying excited states including charge transfer states calculated using our recent excited state method are in good agreement with available experimental values. We find that replacing C(60) by C(70) in a given dyad may increase the lowest charge transfer excitation energy by about 0.27 eV. Variation of donor in these complexes has marginal effect on the lowest charge transfer excitation energy. The interfacial dipole moments and lowest charge transfer states are studied as a function of face-to-face distance.     

Charge Transport in Mesomorphic Phthalocyanines Studied by Pulse-Radiolysis Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity

The pulse-radiolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (PR-TRMC) technique has been used to obtain information on the transport of charge within columnarly stacked, peripherally octaalkoxy-substituted phthalocyanines. Data are presented on the one-dimensional, intracolumnar charge mobility and on the timescale of quasi-two-dimensional intercolumnar electron tunnelling. Particular attention is paid to materials that are liquid-crystalline at room temperature, because of their potential technological importance in optoelectric charge transport layers and molecular semiconductor devices. The relevance of the data to channeled charge transport in aligned thin layers is discussed.