时间分辨技术测量高散射介质光学参量

采用曲线拟合反演算法来恢复时间分辨系统中的真实光脉冲信号,从中可提取出介质光学参量.在模拟人体组织光学参量的模型介质试验中,利用时间相关的单光子计数系统测量光子的逸出曲线,拟合的结果验证了算法的可行性.     

基于多通道时间分辨光学层析成像系统的差分图像重建

报道了基于32通道时间分辨光学层析成像系统的差分图像重建结果,实验采用两个光参数与生物组织体大致相同的圆柱型模拟体,分别用于模拟新生儿头部和成人手臂,重建结果表明;采用差分测量的方法很好地重建出异质体的位置．尺寸及吸收系数相对于背景的变化;模拟和实验重建验证了所发展的二维,半三维重建算法的可行性;使用平均飞行时间作为数据类型,32个探测通道测量,比用强度作为数据类型或16通道测量更为准确地分出了两个相距20mm的异质体。结果表明目前的系统可以定性地重建出异质体的位置,尺寸,吸收系数的变化,展示该光学层析成像技术将在监测诸如血液含氧量变化,组织体涉氧新陈代谢等生理过程中具有良好应用前景,也对该种成像方法存在的问题及进一步改进的措施进行了讨论。     

基于光程编码与相干合成的三维超分辨术

光学相干层析成像的轴向分辨率和横向分辨率是互为独立的,其轴向分辨率由系统光源带宽和探测光束的聚焦条件共同决定,而横向分辨率由系统样品臂的聚焦条件决定. 提高光学相干层析成像的轴向分辨率的方法主要基于宽带光源技术以及变迹术与相干门相结合的方法,而这些方法对于横向分辨率并没有提高. 提出了一种通过光程编码与相干合成的方法,可以同时提高其轴向分辨率和横向分辨率. 通过在光学相干层析成像系统的样品臂中加入光程编码分束器形成多种对应不同光程延迟的有效响应函数,基于光学相干层析成像术固有的光程分辨能力可以得到同一样品对应于不同有效响应函数的多幅图像. 通过数字控制不同有效响应函数的相对贡献对其进行相干合成,可以同时实现轴向和横向的超分辨效果. 与以前的方法相比,光程编码与相干合成方法简单易行、成本低廉,不仅可以避免系统复杂和价格昂贵等不足,而且可以同时较大幅度地提高系统的轴向分辨率和横向分辨率. 关键词： 光学相干层析成像 轴向超分辨 横向超分辨 光程编码     

时间分辨光学层析的实验研究

描述了一个基于Ti:Sapphire飞秒激光和同步扫描相机的时间分辨光层析（CT）实验系统。该系统采用步进电机驱动的三维移动平台对被测组织体作类似X射线层析工作方式的平行扫描,由此可获得多角度下的时间分辨投影,通过对三种代表不同吸收和散射特性组合的模拟组织体（phantom)进行实际测量,并应用相应的非线性迭代图像重建算法,获得了可靠的重建图像,研究结果表明,该系统构思简洁,工作可靠,是进行光层析成像技术研究的理想模式之一。     

光学相干层析成像轴向超分辨研究

为了提高光学相干层析成像(OCT)的轴向分辨率,采用OCT与光学超分辨术相结合的方法,设计了三区相位型和振幅型两种光瞳滤波器,并将制作的光瞳滤波器应用于系统的样品臂中,分别测量不同条件下对应的轴向响应曲线,结果与理论分析基本吻合,实现了轴向分辨率10％以上的提高,从而验证了利用合适光瞳滤波器实现OCT轴向超分辨的可行性.     

光电子技术与器件 光电成像与器件

TH703 2006032406光纤型光学相干层析成像系统的研制=Development of fi-ber-based optical coherence tomographic i maging system[刊,中]/俞晓峰(浙江大学现代光学仪器国家重点实验室.浙江,杭州(310027)) ,丁志华…∥光学学报.—2006 ,26(2) .—235-238采用宽带近红外光源,基于迈克耳孙干涉原理和外差探测方法,建立了单模光纤型光学相干层析成像系统,相干地提取从生物体内部返回的深度分辨的弹性散射光信息,并依此构筑了自然状态下活体组织的二维光学相干层析图像和三维光学相干层析图像。光纤化设计的光学相干层析成像系统紧凑、灵活,…     

内窥式扫频光源光学相干层析系统的探头设计

利用自聚焦透镜和单模光纤搭建了基于光纤旋转连接器的内窥式扫频光源光学相干层析成像系统.利用Zemax模拟了内窥探头的光学性能,分析了光纤到自聚焦透镜的距离和自聚焦透镜节距对探头性能参量的影响.在综合考虑元器件成本以及成像要求后,选择无需定制,节距为0.24Pitch的自聚焦透镜,确定光纤与自聚焦透镜之间的距离为0.7mm.经实验测得该系统的横向分辨率约为19.5μm,纵向分辨率约为9μm,工作距离约为7mm,成像深度为6.2mm(空气中),与理论值接近.为了验证该系统对生物组织的成像性能,利用该系统对猪食道进行离体成像,重建后的层析图中可以明显地观察到猪肠道的表皮层和固有层.测量系统的各项成像性能参量以及对生物组织的成像性能表明该探头在内窥成像中是可行的.     

光纤型光学相干层析成像系统的研制

光学相干层析(OCT)成像技术是一新近发展的高分辨力生物医学成像手段,能非侵入性地对活体内部的结构与生理功能进行可视化观察。采用宽带近红外光源,基于迈克耳孙干涉原理和外差探测方法,建立了单模光纤型光学相干层析成像系统,相干地提取从生物体内部返回的深度分辨的弹性散射光信息,并依此构筑了自然状态下活体组织的二维光学相干层析成像图像和三维光学相干层析成像图像。光纤化设计的光学相干层析成像系统紧凑、灵活,便于与光纤导管、内窥镜和其它成像装置的有机结合,以拓展其观察范围和应用领域。     

用于频域光学相干层析成像的深度分辨色散补偿方法

提出一种深度分辨的色散补偿方法,用于增强频域光学相干层析成像的纵向分辨率。将频域光学相干层析成像采集的干涉谱信号傅里叶变换到空域,获取对应不同深度的干涉谱条纹相位,通过对其进行调整实现对被测样品不同深度处的色散的精确补偿。避免传统方法中采用统一色散系数进行色散补偿所带来的过补偿与欠补偿误差,可以有效消除色散引起的频域光学相干层析成像系统点扩展函数的展宽和扭曲。模拟和实验结果表明,基于深度分辨的色散补偿方法在样品的全深度探测范围内可以达到较佳的补偿效果,可有效提高光学相干层析成像系统的纵向分辨率。     

圆形平面换能器产生的二次谐波声场及对非线性声参量成像的影响

在利用二次谐波进行非线性声参量B／A层析成像中,发射换能器的声场特性,尤其是在近场区域的特性对成像结果的定性及定量分析极其重要。本文从理论及实验上分析了圆形平面活塞换能器在传播介质中产生的二次谐波声场,就其对非线性声参量成像的影响进行了分析和讨论．研究结果有助于在非线性声参量成像中降低重建误差,提高分辨灵敏度．     

Development of Genetic Algorithm based 3D-PTV technique

A new 3D-PTV technique has been developed using GA (Genetic Algorithm). The measurement system consists of three CCD cameras, Ar-ion laser, an image grabber and a host computer. One-to-one correspondences are made by taking advantage of the combinatorial optimization of the genetic algorithm for the whole particles of the two images during the time interval of image frames. Two fitness functions are introduced in order to enhance the correspondences of the particles. One is based on the concept of continuum theory and the other one is based on the minimum error of threedimensional distance. Performance of the developed algorithm is tested using a set of virtual images constructed by the use of LES data set on an impinging jet. The developed 3D-PTV system is successfully applied to the measurement of flow characteristics of the wake of a circular cylinder.     

A variational approach to image registration in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the human kidney

Kidney function can be accessed by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) measurements which yield spatially resolved maps of physiological parameters like perfusion or filtration. The motion of the kidneys during the scan is a dominant limitation of the measurement quality, and image registration is necessary for accurate quantification. We analyzed the feasibility of applying an algorithm, originally developed for multimodal registration, to kidney perfusion time series. The algorithm uses a variational calculation scheme to align the images. In four out of five data sets, kidney motion could be reduced to below the spatial resolution of the images of 1.6 mm while preserving the enhancement pattern of kidney perfusion. Fitting a pharmacokinetic model to the data showed an average reduction of the Akaike fit error of 10% for the registered data, suggesting more stable parameters. We conclude that this image registration algorithm is feasible for correcting kidney motion in renal DCE-MRI.     

基于新型描述符的SIFT大尺寸精密测量

在图像配准和图像识别领域中,SIFT算法得到广泛应用。大量的噪声或是复杂的图像往往会导致匹配点的误判,从而降低了图像匹配效率。提出一个新的比较邻域,建立了一个新的"十字形"描述符并运用主成分分析法降低描述符计算时间,利用双向匹配方式来减少伪匹配点,以节省匹配时间。实验结果表明,改进SIFT算法能够成功匹配图像,应用于大型工业刀具的测量,为大型物体测量提供了一种新的方法。     

基于时间分辨测量的近红外光三维层析成像研究

针对近红外漫射光层析成像中的三维成像问题展开了理论和实验研究.利用开发的以强度和平均飞行时间作为数据类型的三维重建算法对数值仿真模型进行了重建,同时采用多通道时间相关单光子计数层析成像系统对固体样品进行了三维成像.结果表明：所发展的算法较忠实地重建出了样品内部的异质体结构;采用的差分重建方法有利于提高重建的抗噪性能;提出的单层测头配置模式对于三维成像具有实际意义.     

A computer controlled time resolved optical intensity profile measurement system

In this paper, a computer controlled system is described, which provides data management and position control for time resolved measurement of near and far field, along with charge carrier concentration distributions of semiconductor lasers. Of particular interest is the manner in which microprocessor control of inexpensive motorised micrometers is used to provide accurate repeatable movements on submicron scales. Due to its noise reduction capability through computer averaging, this system has been operated in conjunction with a 50 ps risetime photodiode, and thus is believed to allow time resolved measurement on the shortest reported timescales. The system provides a further advantage in that experimental data may be stored to give easy access for further processing.     

Optical coherence tomography based particle image velocimetry (OCT-PIV) of polymer flows

The measurement of spatially resolved velocity distributions is crucial for modelling flow and for understanding properties of materials produced in extrusion processes. Traditional methods for flow visualization such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) rely on optically transparent media and cannot be applied to turbid polymer melts. Here we present optical coherence tomography as an imaging technique for PIV data processing that allows for measuring a sequence of time resolved images even in turbid media. Time-resolved OCT images of a glass-fibre polymer compound were acquired during an extrusion process in a slit die. The images are post-processed by ensemble cross-correlation to calculate spatially resolved velocity vector fields. The results compared well with velocity data obtained by Doppler-OCT. Overall, this new technique (OCT-PIV) represents an important extension of PIV to turbid materials by the use of OCT.     

基于联合偏度的高光谱图像波段选择对玉米种子分类研究

高光谱图像技术是在种子识别领域广泛应用的农产品品质无损检测方法。特征信息的充分提取和最优波段的选择是影响高光谱图像技术种子鉴选在线应用的关键因素。目的在于利用联合偏度算法选择高光谱图像的最优波段,用于开发在线的种子分级系统。论文利用高光谱图像采集系统获取10类共960粒玉米种子在438～1 000 nm(共219个波段)波段范围内的高光谱图像,并提取了种子高光谱图像的平均光谱、图像熵特征。利用联合偏度算法选择了高光谱图像的最优波段,分别建立了基于平均光谱、图像熵、平均光谱和图像熵联合特征条件下的支持向量机种子分类模型,比较不同特征下分类模型的识别精度。实验结果表明：无论是全波段分类模型,还是建立在最优波段基础上的分类模型,利用平均光谱和图像熵联合特征获得的分类精度均高于平均光谱和图像熵两种单一特征模型。在10个最优波段条件下,联合特征分类模型的识别精度达到了96.28%,比光谱均值和图像熵的识别精度分别提高了4.30%和20.38%,也高于全波段联合特征识别模型的93.47%。利用联合特征建立玉米种子分类模型时,基于联合偏度的波段选择算法的分类精度要高于无信息变量消除法、连续投影算法和竞争性自适应重加权算法。该研究为种子高光谱图像识别技术的在线运用提供了可行的途径。     

Ultrasonic imaging in air using fan-beam tomography and electrostatic transducers

Air-coupled ultrasonic capacitance transducers operating at frequencies of up to 1 MHz have been employed in a fan-beam configuration for the cross-sectional tomographic imaging of temperature fields and flow fields in air, and the location of solid objects. Separate transmitter and receiver transducers were manufactured using thin polymer dielectric membranes and polished metal backplates, and used to acquire through-transmission data. The fan-beam reconstruction was developed in LabVIEW using a re-bin routine combined with a filtered backprojection algorithm and a difference technique to generate the cross-sectional images. The system was first used to reconstruct images showing the locations of solid objects positioned within the scanned region through interpretation of the arrival time of the transmitted ultrasound. The technique was then extended to image the temperature fields produced in air above a small heat source and the flow field produced by a nozzle connected to a regulated compressed air source. Reconstructed temperatures were within 4% of the measured background air temperature and 9% of the air temperature measured above the heat source. Reconstructed images of the flow field above a small nozzle were also presented, showing that the horizontal component of the flow velocity could be resolved using this method.     

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统波片相位延迟误差分析

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像仪具有实时性好、空间分辨率高、精度高等优点,有很高的应用价值.分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统利用偏振分束器、1/2波片和1/4波片将入射光Stokes矢量调制在4幅图像中,可解析入射光Stokes矢量. 1/2波片和1/4波片的相位延迟误差对Stokes矢量测量精度有着不可忽略的影响.建立了包含上述两种误差的Stokes矢量测量误差方程,分析了1/2波片和1/4波片相位延迟耦合误差对自然光、0°/45°线偏光、左旋圆偏光等典型基态入射光的Stokes矢量测量误差的影响,推导了任意偏振态的Stokes矢量测量误差的表征方法.在邦加球球面和球内选取不同偏振度的Stokes矢量作为入射光进行仿真.结果表明, Stokes矢量测量误差和偏振度测量误差均随着入射光偏振度的增大而增大.选取入射光偏振度为1时的偏振测量精度评估系统.为满足2%的偏振测量精度, 1/2波片相位延迟误差应在±1.6°内, 1/4波片相位延迟误差应在±0.5°内.这对提高系统的偏振测量精度具有重要意义,为系统设计和研制提供了重要的理论指导.