钙钛矿(C6H5CH2NH3)2PbBr4拉曼光谱研究

运用激光拉曼光谱实验和密度泛函理论计算研究了450～1 700 cm-1光谱范围内有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料(C₆H₅CH₂NH₃)₂PbBr₄的振动模式特性。对比实验所得拉曼光谱和理论计算所得拉曼光谱,发现密度泛函理论计算可以很好的模拟(C₆H₅CH₂NH₃)₂PbBr₄有机部分的分子振动模式。同时通过比较分析密度泛函理论计算和参考文献,对450～1 700 cm-1光谱范围内的拉曼峰的分子振动模式进行了初步的归属,并发现该光谱范围内的拉曼峰主要是由(C₆H₅CH₂NH₃)₂PbBr₄分子中有机部分振动所产生的。     

基于二维有机无机杂化钙钛矿的薄膜晶体管

三维有机无机杂化钙钛矿因其优异的光电性能被视为光电领域极具前景的材料,但其在湿度环境下的不稳定性成为制约产业化进程的关键因素之一.本文采用一步溶液法成功制备了碘化铅基二维钙钛矿(PEA)₂(MA)_n–1Pb_nI_3n+1 (n=1, 3,6, 20, 30),对钙钛矿的维度及微观结构进行调控,并将其应用作为薄膜晶体管(TFTs)器件的半导体沟道层.实验结果表明,独特的二维层状结构和量子约束效应有效地抑制了器件的环境不稳定性和离子迁移现象, TFTs器件性能得到提高.基于准二维Quasi-2D (n=6)钙钛矿的薄膜晶体管器件空穴迁移率(μ_hole)达到3.9 cm²/(V·s)、阈值电压为1.85 V、开关比高于10⁴.首次提出将准二维有机无机杂化钙钛矿材料应用到薄膜晶体管中,为制备高性能、高稳定性的薄膜晶体管器件提供了新的思路.     

有机-无机杂化卤化物钙钛矿材料稳定性及其在光电探测器方面的研究进展(特邀)

有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料(CH3NH3PbX3)因其具有载流子迁移率高、直接带隙结构、光电转换效率高等优异的光电性能,在太阳能电池、光电探测器、发光二极管及激光器等光电子领域具有重要应用前景.然而,有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料的稳定性问题是现阶段限制其进一步应用的瓶颈.本文首先系统论述子外界环境因素(水氧、温度、光照等)对...     

基于微区光学系统的二维杂化钙钛矿稳定性研究

二维钙钛矿材料由于其具有特殊和更稳定的光电性能逐渐成为材料领域的一个研究热点。为了研究二维杂化钙钛矿的稳定性,用旋涂法制备了二维杂化钙钛矿代表性材料(C_6H_5C_2H_4NH_3)_2(CH_3NH_3)_2Pb_3I_(10)的薄膜样品,在薄膜上旋涂一层PMMA进行对比,测量两种薄膜随激光照射时间变化的光致发光光谱变化。结果表明,二维杂化钙钛矿在空气中仍然存在光稳定性较差的问题,其结构在连续激光的作用下被破坏、造成不可逆转的分解;而PMMA薄膜的覆盖能对二维杂化钙钛矿起到很好的保护作用。     

CH3NH3I在制备CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx钙钛矿太阳能电池中的作用

利用具有钙钛矿结构的有机-无机杂化卤化物制备的太阳能电池, 由于具有溶液可加工性和高光电转换效率, 受到了广泛关注. 在目前报道的最高光电转换效率的器件中, 采用了CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x碘氯混合钙钛矿作为吸光层, 据报道在这种材料中光电子的扩散长度可以超过1 μm. 本文综述了在CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x方面现有的研究工作, 指出了薄膜制备条件的重要性, 并研究了CH₃NH₃I在PbCl₂/CH₃NH₃I热解法制备CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x吸光层中的作用. 扫描电子显微镜研究表明CH₃NH₃I加入量为PbCl₂的2倍到2.75倍时, CH₃NH₃I加入量的增加可以提高CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x吸光层的覆盖度和结晶度, CH₃NH₃I加入量进一步增加到3倍时, 形貌变化不大. X射线光电子能谱的数据证实了CH₃NH₃I加入量对覆盖度的影响, 并显示在CH₃NH₃I加入量大于PbCl₂的2.5倍以后, CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x中氯的掺入量急剧下降. 光电测试表明器件性能随CH₃NH₃I加入量增加而增加, 在CH₃NH₃I/PbCl₂为3/1时达到最高, 加入量略小于3/1对性能影响不大.     

金属离子掺杂提高全无机钙钛矿纳米晶发光性质的研究进展

金属卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶由于其卓越的光电子性能,在发光二极管、激光器、X射线成像、太阳能电池及光电探测等领域中受到了极大的关注.与有机-无机杂化钙钛矿纳米晶相比,全无机钙钛矿CsPbX₃ (X=Cl, Br, I)纳米晶具有更优异的光电性能和更高的稳定性.为进一步提高CsPbX₃纳米晶的光致发光量子效率和稳定性,有研究已经着手调控纳米晶的微观结构,减少作为非辐射复合中心的缺陷.近年来,在金属离子掺杂CsPb X₃纳米晶过程中,发现不同种类和不同掺杂浓度的金属离子对其电子能带结构和光致发光性能有着巨大的影响,基于金属离子掺杂取得了光致发光量子效率接近100%的CsPb X₃纳米晶.本文综述了近年来在CsPbCl₃, CsPbBr₃, CsPbI₃和Mn²⁺掺杂CsPbX₃ (Mn²⁺:CsPbX₃)四种体系中通过金属离子掺杂提高全无机钙钛矿纳米晶光学性...     

铯掺杂提升反梯度结构二维(CMA)2MA8Pb9I28钙钛矿薄膜及太阳电池的性能

相对于3D钙钛矿材料,二维(2D)有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料具有更好的稳定性.然而由于载流子输运性差, 2D钙钛矿太阳电池效率较低.为了提高2D钙钛矿太阳电池的效率,制备了铯掺杂的具有反梯度结构的二维(CMA)₂MA₈Pb₉I₂₈薄膜.研究结果发现:CsI掺杂能够改善(CMA)₂MA₈Pb₉I₂₈薄膜的形貌、增加晶粒尺寸、降低缺陷态密度,并且提高了(CMA)₂MA₈Pb₉I₂₈钙钛矿薄膜的热稳定性.最后, CsI掺杂浓度为10%时制备(CMA)₂MA₈Pb₉I₂₈钙钛矿太阳电池效率最高,达到了14.67%,相对于未掺杂的电池效率(10.06%)提高了45.8%.     

基于新型钙钛矿材料的光场调控太赫兹超表面仿真研究

为实现高效太赫兹调控，迫切需要一种高效且成本低的材料。新型钙钛矿材料由于其优异的光电特性，加上钙钛矿制备工艺简单、可大批量生产等优点，非常适合作为太赫兹超材料的活性材料，通过外部激励改变活性材料的属性，可灵活调控太赫兹波。因此，选择新型钙钛矿材料外加光场调控太赫兹，分析在光场作用前(绝缘态)和在光场作用后(金属态)两种状态对单元结构太赫兹宽波段下幅值和相位的影响。设计出光场灵活调控的钙钛矿基1 bit太赫兹编码超表面结构，该结构由有机无机杂化钙钛CH₃NH₃PbI₃(MAPbI₃)、聚酰亚胺和铝构成。通过CST仿真结果显示，该超表面结构在光场的调控下能够实现宽谱(0.1、1、2、6 THz)太赫兹波的180°相位差变化，经过超表面编码结构的设计，同一编码序列实现远场波束的变换。研究结果表明，基于光场操控钙钛矿材料的编码超表面为实现灵活的太赫兹波调控提供了新的思路，在太赫兹通信、安检、生物医学成像等方面具有巨大的应用潜力。     

高压下低维有机-无机杂化钙钛矿MAPbI3纳米立方块带隙调控及光学性能的研究

低维有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料由于其独特的光电性能而受到广泛关注。本文利用金刚石对顶砧装置对不同尺寸的CH_3NH_3PbI_3(MAPbI_3)纳米立方块进行了高压研究。并探索了尺寸效应对MAPbI_3纳米立方块在高压下的光学性能的影响规律。高压原位紫外-可见吸收和荧光光谱结果显示,两种不同尺寸的MAPbI_3纳米立方块的带隙和光学性能出现了不同的变化规律。其中,小尺寸MAPbI_3纳米立方块,在0.25 GPa以下,带隙随着压力的增加一直减小,而对于大尺寸纳米立方块的带隙,在0.67 GPa以下,随着压力的增加持续增加。原位高压拉曼的测量和分析表明,尺寸效应与八面体[PbI_6]~(4-)和有机阳离子CH_3NH_3~+间的相互作用有关。我们的研究结果为深入了解低维有机-无机杂化钙钛矿纳米晶的带隙调控和光学特性以及结构稳定性提供了研究依据,为提高有机-无机杂化钙钛矿电池的转化效率开辟了一种研究思路。     

钙钛矿太阳电池综述

基于有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料(CH₃NH₃PbX₃)制备的太阳电池效率自2009年从3.8%增长到19.6%, 因其较高的光吸收系数, 较低的成本及易于制备等优势获得了广泛关注. 钙钛矿材料不仅可以作为光吸收层, 还可用作电子和空穴传输层, 以此制备出不同结构的钙钛矿太阳电池: 介孔结构、介观超结构、平面结构、无HTM层结构和有机结构. 除此之外, 钙钛矿材料制备方法的多样性使其更具吸引力, 目前已有一步溶液法、两步连续沉积法、双源共蒸发法和溶液-气相沉积法. 本文主要介绍了钙钛矿太阳电池的发展历程、工作原理及钙钛矿薄膜的制备方法等. 详细阐述了电池每一层的具体作用和针对现有的钙钛矿结构各层材料的优化, 最后介绍了钙钛矿太阳电池所面临的问题和发展前景, 以期对钙钛矿太阳电池有进一步的了解, 为制备新型高效的钙钛矿太阳电池打下坚实的基础.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of lead-halide based organic–inorganic layered perovskite compounds (CnH2n+1NH3)2PbI4 (n=4, 5, 7, 8 and 9)

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of organic–inorganic layered perovskite compounds, (C_nH_2n+1NH₃)₂PbI₄ (n=4, 5, 7, 8 and 9). The effect of the number of carbon atoms on luminescence properties has been examined. Thin films of microcrystalline (C_nH_2n+1NH₃)₂PbI₄ fabricated by spin-coating are highly oriented, with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. Temperature-dependent optical absorption spectra reveal that (C_nH_2n+1NH₃)₂PbI₄ films (n=4, 7, 8 and 9) show the structural phase transitions. The excitonic structures of (C_nH_2n+1NH₃)₂PbI₄ vary with the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl chain length. At low temperatures below 100 K, the lowest-energy free-exciton band of (C_nH_2n+1NH₃)₂PbI₄ (n=7, 8 and 9) split into three fine-structure levels. In contrast to (C_nH_2n+1NH₃)₂PbBr₄ films, (C_nH_2n+1NH₃)₂PbI₄ (n=7, 8 and 9) shows no triplet exciton emission, but it shows the Stokes-shifted emission from bound excitons.     

Thin ZnO films prepared by chemical solution deposition on glass and flexible conducting substrate

Thin films of zinc oxide (ZnO) are deposited by a simple method of successive immersion of substrate in (NH₄)₂ZnO₂(0.1 M) chemical solution and in boiling water. Films of a thickness ≈ 500 nm could be deposited on stainless steel and glass by 40 immersions. The composition, structure, optical bandgap and the charge transport mechanism were determined and the results are presented. Films are stoichiometric and have the same hexagonal lattice parameters as for powder samples. Films are formed from grains with a mean size of a few 100 nm. Grains consist of crystallites of mean size 20–30 nm. For films deposited on stainless steel, the crystallites are highly oriented along their c-axis perpendicular to the substrate. Films have a high optical transparency (above 80%) in the visible region and bandgap energy in the range 3.38–3.42 eV. Films are intrinsically n-type and the charge transport across the films is controlled by a shallow trapping level in accordance with the Poole–Frenkel mechanism. The doubly-ionized trapping level has a concentration of 4×10¹¹ cm^-3 and zero-field ionization energy of 110 meV. Adsorption of oxygen by annealing the films in air yields a singly-ionized trap. PACS 81.15.Lm; 81.05.Dz; 68.37.Hk; 73.61.Ga     

钙钛矿晶体的电荷复合动力学研究

本文利用紫外吸收光谱和稳态荧光光谱技术结合理论模型,研究了钙钛矿材料CH₃NH₃PbI₃晶体在光激发过程中的电荷复合动力学行为,进而获得晶体的扩散长度. 电荷载体的扩散长度是判断光电材料的重要参数. 研究通过合成两种不同缺陷态浓度的CH₃NH₃PbI₃晶体,测量这两种晶体在0.019∽4.268 μJ/cm²的激光激发下的时间分辨荧光光谱,利用动力学模型对光谱进行拟合,可以获得每个晶体的掺杂浓度,空穴浓度以及电荷复合参数. 将这些参数结合已有公式,最终可获得每个晶体的电荷载体的扩散长度.     

Synthesis, structural and optical properties of a novel bilayered organic-inorganic perovskite C5Pb2I5

Single crystals of [C₅H₁₁NH₃]Pb₂I₅, abbreviated C₅Pb₂I₅, have been prepared. This compound is a new member of the family of the bilayered organic-inorganic lead-iodide based perovskites. Its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The inorganic sub-lattice consists of periodic bilayers of iodoplumbate octahedra. Each PbI₆ octahedra exhibits both edge- and corner-sharing with adjacent octahedra. The vibrational properties of this compound have been studied by Raman scattering spectroscopy. Optical absorption, photoluminescence and diffuse reflectance measurements have been performed. The room-temperature bandgap and free exciton absorption bands are observed at 2.46 and 2.23 eV, respectively. The exciton binding energy is 230 meV which is the largest value ever reported till date for the bilayered PbI based perovskites. Calculations assuming Wannier-type quasi-two-dimensional excitons and taking into account the image potential of the exciton charges showed that nearly 64% of the exciton binding energy is due to the dielectric confinement effect.     

Characterization of organic–inorganic hybrid layered perovskite and intercalated compound (n-C12H25NH3)2ZnCl4

We report on some electrical properties and solid–solid phase transitions of organic–inorganic hybrid layered halide perovskite and intercalated compound (n-C₁₂H₂₅NH₃)₂ZnCl₄ which is one member of the long-chain compounds of the series (n-C_nH_2n+1NH₃)_2,(n = 8–18). The complex dielectric permittivity ?*(ω,T) and the ac conductivity σ (ω,T) were measured as functions of temperature 100 K < T < 390 K and frequency 5 kHz < f < 100 kHz. Moreover, the differential scanning calorimetery and the differential thermal analysis thermograms were performed. The analysis of our data confirms the existence of a structural phase transition at T ≈ (362?±?2) K, where the compound changes its state from intercalation to non-intercalation with a drastic increase in the c-axis by about 16.4%.

The behavior of the frequency-dependent conductivity follows the Jonscher universal power law: σ (ω, T) α?^s(?,T). The mechanism of electrical conduction in the low-temperature phase (phase II) can be described as quantum mechanical tunneling model.     

氧分压对Mg掺杂ZnO薄膜结晶质量和光学特性的影响

利用脉冲激光沉积技术,通过改变沉积过程中的氧气压力,在蓝宝石(0001)基片上制备了一系列ZnMgO合金.通过X射线衍射、反射和透射光谱以及室温和变温荧光光谱,对薄膜的结构和光学性能进行了系统地表征,分析了工作气压对ZnMgO合金薄膜的结晶质量及光学特性的影响.研究结果表明:随着沉积环境中氧气压力的增大,ZnMgO薄膜的结晶质量下降,富氧环境下,与蓝宝石晶格平行的ZnO晶粒的出现是导致薄膜结晶质量下降的主要原因;相对于本征ZnO,不同氧气环境下沉积的ZnMgO薄膜的紫外荧光峰均出现了不同程度的蓝移.随着工 关键词： ZnO Mg掺杂 脉冲激光沉积 薄膜生长 光学特性     

The influence of localized states on the optical absorption and carrier transport properties of acylamino hybrid perovskites with tunable electronic structures

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have excellent optoelectronic properties, but their low thermal and chemical stabilities limit their commercial applications. In this paper, a new type of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite is proposed. Malondiamide (MA,CH₂(CONH₂)₂) and propionamide (PA, CH₃CH₂CONH₂) were used as organic layers, with Pb-I octahedral inorganic layers to form quasi three-dimensional (3D) perovskites. The crystal structure, stability, electronic structure, and optical properties of MAPbI₄ and PAPbI₄ perovskites were investigated, and the results showed that there were localized states that corresponded to the number of acyl groups in the two perovskites. Energy band calculations showed that the localized states of the two perovskites rose above the bottom of the conduction band. This can be used to regulate the band gap of the two perovskites, which affects the electronic properties and optical absorption characteristics of the two perovskites. Compared with PAPbI₄, MAPbI₄ has a lower formation energy, lower band gap, lower effective mass of electrons and holes, wider energy range, and larger absorption coefficient, which indicates that MAPbI₄ is more suitable for use in solar cells. This study provides guidance for obtaining efficient and stable photovoltaic materials.     

Optical properties of natural quantum-well compounds (C6H5-CnH2n-NH3)2PbBr4 (n=1-4)

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of self-assembled organic-inorganic layered perovskite compounds, (C₆H₅-C_nH_2n-NH₃)₂PbBr₄ (n=1-4). the effect of the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl chain length (n) on optical properties has been studied. (C₆H₅-C_nH_2n-NH₃)₂PbBr₄ films fabricated by spin-coating are microcrystalline form, single phase and oriented with the c-axis. Crystallinity, the maximum PL intensity and the lifetime of exciton emissions varied with the number of carbon atoms. the lowest-energy exciton splits into a few fine-structure levels at low temperatures. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectra reveal that (C₆H₅-C_nH_2n-NH₃)₂PbBr₄ shows both singlet and triplet excitons. with decreasing temperature, triplet exciton emissions become dominant for (C₆H₅-C_nH_2n-NH₃)₂PbBr₄ (n=1-3), while (C₆H₅-C₄H₈-NH₃)₂PbBr₄ shows mainly singlet exciton emissions. The intersystem crossing from excited singlet state to triplet state plays an important role in the relaxation process of excitons.     

The relationship between refractive index-energy gap and the film thickness effect on the characteristic parameters of CdSe thin films

CdSe thin films were deposited on glass substrates using Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method at room temperature and ambient pressure. The relationship between refractive index and energy bandgap was investigated. The film thickness effect on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of CdSe thin films was investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed that all the films exhibit polycrystalline nature with hexagonal structure and are covered well with glass substrates. The crystalline and surface properties of the films improved with increasing film thickness. The optical absorption studies revealed that the films are found to be a direct allowed transition. The energy bandgap values were changed from 1.93 to 1.87 eV depending on the film thickness. The electron effective mass (m_e^?/m_o), refractive index (n), optical static and high frequency dielectric constant (ε_o, ε_∞) values were calculated by using the energy bandgap values as a function of the film thickness. The resistivity of the films changed between 10⁶ and 10² Ω-cm with increasing film thickness at room temperature.     

Enhanced luminescence of CuCl microcrystals in a organic-inorganic hybrid matrix

γ-CuCl microcrystals were found to segregate in self-assembled (C_nH_2n+1NH₃)₂CuCl₄ hybrid organic-inorganic films deposited by single source thermal ablation. The microcrystals dispersed in the hybrid have sizes of 35 nm, as estimated from X-ray diffraction patterns. The UV photoluminescence efficiency of the embedded microcrystals is more than 100 times higher than that of CuCl films having similar crystallite sizes. PACS 78.67.Bf; 78.55.Hx; 81.07.Pr