正交试验优选断血流软胶囊提取工艺

以醉鱼草皂苷Ⅳb含量、断血流总皂苷含量和浸膏得率为考察指标,采用正交试验设计优选断血流软胶囊的提取工艺。最佳提取工艺为药材粒度为中粉,10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次1.0h,优选得到的工艺稳定、合理、可行。     

正交试验优选老鹳草中没食子酸的提取工艺

以没食子酸含量和出膏率的综合评分为指标,以溶剂用量、提取时间和提取次数为考察因素,采用正交试验优选老鹳草中没食子酸的提取工艺。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为8倍量水、回流提取3次,每次60m in。该工艺稳定可行,可作为老鹳草中没食子酸的提取方法。     

复方辛芷鼻腔黏附剂的提取工艺

优选复方辛芷鼻腔黏附剂处方中药材的提取工艺。采用正交试验,以木兰脂素和欧前胡素含量为评价指标,用RP-HPLC检测指标成分的含量,考察溶媒用量、提取时间和提取次数对提取工艺的影响。最佳提取工艺为A1B1C3,即用8倍量的乙酸乙酯热回流3次,每次1h。热回流法更适用于本制剂中木兰脂素和欧前胡素的提取,提取效率高且工艺简单。     

基于正交试验法优选菊苣中总多糖的提取工艺研究

优选菊苣中总多糖的提取工艺。采用正交试验法,以提取液中总多糖的含量为评价指标进行试验。最佳提取工艺为：加入20倍量的水,提取2次,每次2h,温浸温度为60℃。该工艺合理,菊苣中总多糖提取率较高。     

峨嵋岩白菜叶和根状茎总黄酮提取工艺研究

采用微波辅助提取法,以总黄酮含量为考察指标,通过单因素实验和正交试验优选出峨嵋岩白菜叶和根状茎总黄酮微波最佳提取工艺。实验结果表明,峨嵋岩白菜叶中总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度60%,料液比1∶30,微波时间60s/次,微波功率480W,提取次数为3次,黄酮含量为15.181mg/g;根状茎中总黄酮最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度60%,料液比1：20,微波时间75s/次,微波功率480W,提取次数为2次,黄酮含量为2.066mg/g。峨嵋岩白菜叶中总黄酮含量较根状茎中丰富,微波辅助提取法适合峨嵋岩白菜有效成分的提取。     

峨崛岩白菜叶和根状茎总黄酮提取工艺研究

采用微波辅助提取法,以总黄酮含量为考察指标,通过单因素实验和正交试验优选出峨嵋岩白菜叶和根状茎总黄酮微波最佳提取工艺.实验结果表明,峨嵋岩白菜叶中总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度60%.料液比1:30.微波时间60s/次,微波功率480w,提取次数为3次,黄酮含量为15.181mg/g;根状茎中总黄酮最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度60%,料液比1:20,微波时间75s/次,微波功率480w,提取次数为2次,黄酮含量为2.066mg/g.峨嵋岩白菜叶中总黄酮含量较根状茎中丰富,微波辅助提取法适合峨嵋岩白菜有效成分的提取.     

麻疯树饼粕中植物甾醇的提取

建立超声辅助溶剂法提取麻疯树饼粕中的植物甾醇,以分光光度法检测提取物中甾醇含量。采用正交试验设计优选提取工艺,最佳提取工艺为麻疯树饼粕50g,丙酮100mL,超声提取1h。优化工艺条件下植物甾醇的萃取率可达0.347%。     

超声提取分光光度法测定柑橘皮中橙皮甙含量

在超声波作用下,用饱和石灰水浸提、酸析,从柑橘皮中提取橙皮甙.以精制橙皮甙提取率为评价指标,利用正交实验L9(33)筛选最佳工艺条件.结果表明最佳提取条件为A2B2C2,即:超声温度25 C,超声时间30min,饱和氢氧化钙水溶液与柑橘皮质量比为4:1.在优选的工艺条件下进行提取,利用紫外可见分光光度法对橙皮甙的含量进行测定,浓度在0.004672-0.01168mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,其回归方程C=0.54487 23.15036×A(mg/mL),r=0.98315,回收率为96.9%-98.5%.该工艺快速,简便,结果稳定.     

正交设计优选维药恰玛古总黄酮的提取工艺

确定恰玛古总黄酮的最佳提取工艺.以乙醇为溶剂,采用索氏提取,紫外-可见分光光度法测定恰玛古中总黄酮的含量,通过稳定性、精密度和回收率实验检验了该方法的可靠性和重现性.对照品溶液和供试品液均在510nm处有最大吸收.回归方程为A=0.02054C+0.07628,r=0.9998(0-24μg·mL-1);优选的提取工艺为30倍原料重、75％乙醇、提取时间120min.平均总黄酮的含量为2.805％,平均回收率为100.88％,精密度和加样回收率的RSD分别为0.46％和2.26％.本实验操作简便,灵敏度高,结果准确,可用于恰玛古总黄酮的含量测定.     

正交设计优选掌裂草葡萄中总黄酮的提取工艺

以芦丁为标样,采用荧光光度法测定掌裂草葡萄中总黄酮含量。以总黄酮提取率为考察指标,采用正交设计方法优选最佳提取工艺。结果显示:其优选工艺为:药材加15倍量的60%乙醇,在60℃下回流提取2.0h,重复提取3次,总黄酮提取率为35.99%。     

Effects of processing parameters in the sonic assisted water extraction (SAWE) of 6-gingerol

The use of water in subcritical conditions for extraction has several drawbacks. These include the safety features, higher production costs and possible degradation of the bioactive compounds. To overcome these problems, sonic energy and an entrainer were used as external interventions to decrease the polarity of water at milder operating conditions. The effect of low (28 kHz) and high (800 kHz) frequencies of sonication in the extraction of the main ginger bioactive compound (6-gingerol) were compared. Six parameters were studied: mean particle size (MPS, mm), time of extraction, applied power, sample to solvent ratio (w/v), temperature of extraction, and the percentage of entrainer. The optimum conditions for high frequency SAWE prototype were MPS 0.89–1.77 mm, 45 min, 40 W applied power, 1:30 (w/v), 45 °C, and 15% of ethanol as entrainer. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) gave the most significant parameter, which was power with F (1, 45.07), p < 2.50 × 10⁻⁹. Although the effect of low frequency was stronger than high frequency, at the optimum conditions of the sample to solvent ratio 1:30 (w/v) with 700 mL solvent and temperature 45 °C, the concentration and recovery of 6-gingerol from high frequency of SAWE prototype was 2.69 times higher than at low frequency of SAWE. It was found that although the effects of high frequency (800 kHz) were negligible in other studies, it could extract suitable compounds, such as 6-gingerol, at lower temperature. Therefore, the effects of sonication, which cause an enlargement in the cell wall of the ginger plant matrix, were observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that the applied power of sonication was the most significant parameter compared to the other parameters.     

虎杖白藜芦醇浸提工艺的研究

以干中药材虎杖为原料,通过实验优选了虎杖白藜芦醇的浸提工艺。以HPLC面积归一化法衡量浸提液中白藜芦醇的含量。浸提效果以浸提液中白藜芦醇的含量或浸出率为指标参数。结果表明,虎杖白藜芦醇的最佳浸提工艺为:干中药材虎杖采用95%乙醇浸提、料液比为1g∶16mL、室温(30℃)、静浸6天。     

光学元件超声清洗工艺研究

系统开展了光学元件超声清洗工艺的实验研究。通过研究超声清洗剂、清洗温度等工艺参数的优化,找到了能够有效祛除元件表面无机污染物和有机污染物的较佳超声清洗工艺,且超声清洗没有对光学元件表面产生损伤,清洗后的光学元件接触角小于6,并不残留大于1 m的颗粒,超声清洗对光学元件表面污染物的祛除能力远胜于手工清洗。     

石墨烯-银纳米颗粒复合结构制备工艺优化及表面增强拉曼光谱特性

在石墨烯-Ag纳米颗粒复合结构表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）基底常规制备工艺的基础上,提出了采用偶联剂吸附的方法来改善Ag纳米颗粒在目标基底上分布的均匀性;采用双层聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）来转移石墨烯,以减少石墨烯表面的缺陷;采用退火处理的方法来降低SERS基底的拉曼背景噪声,从而提高拉曼光谱的对比度。实验结果表明,采用优化制备工艺得到的复合结构SERS基底均匀性有较大提高,石墨烯G峰和2D峰的增强拉曼光谱对比度分别提高了54.9%和64.3%,罗丹明6G（R6G）分子在774和1 363 cm-1处的拉曼光谱强度随浓度变化关系的拟合优度（R2）分别达到了0.997 5和0.986 7。     

白簕叶总皂苷提取工艺和含量测定研究

采用微波辅助法提取白簕叶中的皂苷类化合物,通过正交实验确定了最佳提取工艺。以齐墩果酸为对照,采用紫外分光光度法在500nm处测定白簕叶中的总皂苷。最佳工艺条件：乙醇浓度70%,微波辐射30s,微波功率160W,固液比1∶10,间歇提取2次。按最佳工艺条件提取总皂苷含量为84.36mg/g。回归方程为：y=1.0167C＋0.0006,相关系数r=0.9998,精密度和稳定性试验RSD分别为0.033%和0.034%（n≥6）,平均加标回收率为99%,RSD=1.76%（n=6）。用齐墩果酸标准品,采用紫外分光光度法,操作简便,结果准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,为白簕叶中总皂苷含量测定的一种切实可行的方法。     

Vacuum pressure combined with osmosonication as an innovative pre-drying technique for Ghanaian ginger: Evidence from the metabolome and quality characteristics of the dried product

We assessed the impact of selected pretreatment techniques, thus, vacuum-assisted osmotic dehydration (VOD), vacuum-assisted sonication (VSON) and vacuum-assisted osmosonication (VOS) on the metabolomes and quality characteristics of infrared-dried ginger slices. We found marked metabolome differences between the pretreated ginger samples, evidenced by differential amounts of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activities. We also found distinct differences in the drying kinetics and sensory characteristics of the pretreated samples. Generally, VOS pretreatment gave the best outcomes. The VOS-pretreated samples contained the highest contents of the marker compounds, TPC, TFC and gave the best antioxidant activity. The VOS-pretreated samples also recorded the shortest drying time and exhibited the best sensory attributes. Overall, the general order observed was, VOS > VSON > VOD > control for all quality parameters examined. VOS pretreatment of ginger before drying therefore holds a great potential for large-scale industrial application.     

核磁共振磷谱在羟基亚乙基二磷酸合成中的应用

讨论了羟基亚乙基二磷酸的反应机理,并通过核磁共振磷谱对合成反应过程中的中间体亚磷酸和关键中间体(3)的实时监测．在此基础上优化了反应条件．最后,对原料三氯化磷中的杂质进行合理分析和排除．     

Sonophotoelectrocatalytic degradation of azo dye on TiO2 nanotube electrode

The degradation of azo dye, methyl orange (MeO) in aqueous solution with sonophotoelectrocatalytic process was investigated. The TiO(2) nanotubes were used as electrode in photoelectrocatalytic (PEC), sonophotoelectrocatalytic (SPEC) processes or as photocatalyst in photocatalytic (PC), sonophotocatalytic (SPC) processes, respectively. Experimental results showed that the hybrid processes could efficiently enhance the degradation efficiency of MeO, and followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. At the optimized experimental conditions, the rate constants of decolorization of MeO were 0.0732 min(-1) for SPEC process; 0.0523 min(-1) for PEC process, 0.0073 min(-1) for SPC process and 0.0035 min(-1) for PC process. The rate constants obviously indicated that there existed synergistic effect in the ultrasonic, electro-assisted and photocatalytic processes.     

Treatment of cyanide containing wastewater using cavitation based approach

Industrial wastewater streams containing high concentrations of biorefractory materials like cyanides should ideally be treated at source. In the present work, degradation of potassium ferrocyanide (K₄F_e(CN)₆) as a model pollutant has been investigated using cavitational reactors with possible intensification studies using different approaches. Effect of different operating parameters such as initial concentration, temperature and pH on the extent of degradation using acoustic cavitation has been investigated. For the case of hydrodynamic cavitation, flow characteristics of cavitating device (venturi) have been established initially followed by the effect of inlet pressure and pH on the extent of degradation. Under the optimized set of operating parameters, the addition of hydrogen peroxide (ratio of K₄F_e(CN)₆:H₂O₂ varied from 1:1 to 1:30 mol basis) as process intensifying approach has been investigated. The present work has conclusively established that under the set of optimized operating parameters, cavitation can be effectively used for degradation of potassium ferrocyanide. The comparative study of hydrodynamic cavitation and acoustic cavitation suggested that hydrodynamic cavitation is more energy efficient and gives higher degradation as compared to acoustic cavitation for equivalent power/energy dissipation. The present work is the first one to report comparison of cavitation based treatment schemes for degradation of cyanide containing wastewaters.     

电子直线加速器X射线转换靶设计

设计了用于BF-5电子直线加速器的X射线转换靶。采用蒙特卡罗模拟程序优化计算了靶材厚度;设计了转换靶的冷却结构,并采用有限元方法模拟计算了水冷效果;依据设计的结构参数,计算了转换靶产生X射线的剂量分布及能谱分布。结果表明:靶体温度控制在40 ℃以下,转换靶在该条件下能够长期稳定工作; X射线平均能量为0.65 MeV,在转换靶正前方1 m处吸收剂量可达6 Gy/min。